Feeds and Feed Production最新文献

{"title":"Feed and biological value of the alfalfa green mass carbohydrate-lignin complex","authors":"L. Chornolata, V. Novakivska, L. Zdor, S. Lykhach","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202294-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202294-09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study how the content of the main nutrients, the amount and ratio of structural and nonstructural carbohydrates in the green mass of alfalfa changes during the process of growth and development. To establish a phase in which the produced feed will have high feed and biological value. Methods. Sampling was carried out in accordance with the State Standard of Ukraine (SSU) ISO 6497:2005, determination of the content of moisture and other volatile substances – SSU ISO 6496:2005, nitrogen and crude protein – SSU 7169:2010, crude fat – SSU ISO 6492:2003, fiber – SSU 8844: 2019, raw ash – SSU ISO 5984:2004, carbohydrate-lignin complex (sugars, hemicellulose, cellulose) – SSU 7982:2015, neutral detergent fiber – SSU ISO 16472, acid detergent fiber and lignin – SSU ISO 13906:2013, starch – SSU ISO 6493:2008. Results. During alfalfa green mass growth and development, the content of dry matter increases gradually from 15% to 25%, the content of crude protein in it decreases from 26% to 13%, and crude fiber increases from 15% to 38%, the content and composition of nitrogen-free extractives change. In the phase of branching, the cellulose content is 12%, in the phase of full flowering – 24.6%, during beans development – 30.6%. The lignin content increases from 2.3% to 14.4%, that is, more than six times. The feeding value, expressed in the feed unit indicator, decreases from 0.9 to 0.79, and the exchangeable energy in the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering is at the level of 9.5 MJ. Conclusions. The green mass of alfalfa in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering is a valuable raw material for the production of feeds (hay, silage, granulated feed, grass flour, etc.), since the yield of the crop in this phase is still high, the crude protein content is at the 20% level, the amount of easily hydrolyzed carbohydrates is 14%, the amount of structural carbohydrates is still at the 30.0% level. The calculated feeding value of green mass is higher than the feeding value of the produced hay in terms of feed units by only 3.5%, digestible protein by 11%, and exchangeable energy by 2.6%.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129966879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate crisis and features of modernization of field feed production in developed countries","authors":"N. Sprynchuk, I. Voronetska, O. Korniichuk, I. Petrychenko","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202294-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202294-11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To substantiate the theoretical and methodological principles of the process of forming a state support program to counteract the negative impact of climate change on field fodder production based on the generalization of foreign experience with the aim of further implementing them on the territory of Ukraine. Methods. Theoretical generalization; scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system analysis. Results. The main consequences of climate change in Ukraine and Europe as a result of anthropogenic influence have been revealed. The experience of the developed countries of the world in combating climate change on the development of agriculture and field fodder production is summarized. The main directions of investing in the modernization of field fodder production to combat and adapt to climate change are outlined: rejection of monocultures, diversification of crops, introduction of cultivation of new crops, insurance of fodder producers against droughts, restoration of bidirectional irrigation and drainage melioration facilities, construction of wells for the use of rainwater; regulation of land structure, soil cultivation technologies, selection of varieties adapted to the challenges of nature. The experience of foreign countries demonstrates the main measures that can be used in field fodder production and agriculture in general in order to adapt to changing climatic conditions. The study and use of foreign experience in Ukraine, taking into account the geographical location, the consequences of military actions, global climate changes, is of national and global economic importance in terms of environmental protection and ensuring food security. Conclusions. An important task of modern fodder production is to reduce the negative impact on the environment in order to further counteract the deterioration of the natural environment, to form an investment fund aimed at implementing environmentally safe technologies in field fodder production, to breed droughtresistant varieties of agricultural crops adapted to agro-climatic zones.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"435 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134320271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of mycotoxin content in grains of cereal crops","authors":"L. Chornolata, L. Pohorila, S. Lykhach","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202192-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202192-16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To establish the presence and range of mycotoxins in feed grains widely used in farm animal feed. Methods. The content of mycotoxins was determined in grain samples of cereals (wheat, barley, corn, oats). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Sunrise analyzer was used for determination. The method involves the use of test systems (manufactured by “Neogen”), which allow to determine six major mycotoxins: aflatoxin, deoxynivalenone, zearalenone, fumonisin, ochratoxin, T-2 toxin. The basis of this method is the attachment to the antibody enzyme label, which allows taking into account the result of the antigen-antibody reaction on detecting enzymatic activity or changing its level. The antibody is specific for a particular type of mycotoxin. Results. The most harmful of the known mycotoxins are aflatoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenone, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin, fuminisin. Determination of the first four was carried out in the feed grain of cereals (wheat, barley, oats, corn). The content of aflatoxin was within the range 0.017-0.21 mg/kg, an acceptable level in accordance with the standards (0.1 mg/kg). The amount of zearalenone ranged from 0.10 mg/kg to 3.51 mg/kg at an acceptable level of 3.0 mg/kg. As to deoxynivalenone, the content of this mycotoxin ranged from 0.52 mg/kg to 3.14 mg/kg at an acceptable level of 3.0 mg/kg. Contamination of feed grains with mycotoxin T-2 toxin is defined in the range 0.02-0.60 mg/kg at its permissible level 0.2 mg/kg. The maximum level of each of the mycotoxins was determined in corn grain, which is most often infected with molds. Currently, the only way to hold in check these hazardous substances is to control their content and make every effort to reduce their amount in feed and raw materials. Conclusion. Analyzing the data of the conducted researches, it can be stated that among all grain cereals corn is the most often affected by molds, so the content of mycotoxins in this feed is the highest. Determination of the content of aflatoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and other mycotoxins in grain and feed is aimed at preventing their negative impact on animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126658411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of the determining the sowing properties of seeds of perennial grasses express method effectiveness in comparison with domestic and international rules","authors":"S. Antoniv, S. Kolisnyk, O. Zapruta, V. Konovalchuk","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202192-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202192-09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To theoretically substantiate the methodology for the accelerated determination of the sowing qualities (express method) of seeds of leguminous and cereal grasses, in particular germination capacity, the amount of hard seeds and viability in comparison with the defining those indicators according to the State standard of Ukraine (SStU 4138-2002), international methodology (ISTA – International seed testing association). Methods. Quantitative, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results. Determination of sowing qualities (germination energy, germination rate, amount of hard seeds) of forage crops according to the methods of SStU 4138-2002; ISTA (international rules for the analysis of seeds) and the express method of accelerated determination, showed the high efficiency and effectiveness of the latter (improved method of swelling seeds of leguminous grasses and preparatory caving of films and swelling of seeds of cereal grasses), which can be used in production conditions to obtain objective information on the sowing properties of seeds of the formed harvest. Conclusions. The express method can be used to determine the viability of legume grass seeds within 3-4 hours by establishing the difference between the number of live and dead seeds. The data obtained are close to the germination rates when analyzing seeds according to the SStU 4138-2002 and ISTA methods and make up 90-95; 93-95; 92-95% respectively. Germination of seeds of cereal grasses using the caryopsis method allows determining the viability of seeds on the 2nd-5th day in species with high germination energy (Bromus inermis, different types of Lolium perenne) and 7th-10th day in species with slow germination (Festuca rubra L). Seed germination of these species according to the express method was 84- 92%, while according to the SStU 4138-2002 and ISTA methods it made up 91-94; 90-96%, and the analysis was carried out on the 10th and 21st day.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129802278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fumaric and lactic acids on meat productivity of young cattle","authors":"Anatoliy Hutsol, Igor Dmytruk","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo20219-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo20219-12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To investigate the effect of fumaric and lactic acids on the productivity of young cattle. Methods. In the process of the research general scientific methods were used: deduction, scientific hypothesis and abstraction. Methods of zootechnical analysis were applied to determine the chemical composition of feed. During animal experiments methods of analogue groups were used. Results. As a result of a scientific and economic experiment to study the effect of fumaric and lactic acids on meat productivity of young cattle, it was found that over the main period of the experiment the average daily gain was higher in young cattle of the second experimental group, which received by 63 g, or 8.5% more lactic acid, the difference is statistically significant (P <0.01). In young animals of the third experimental group receiving by 74 g, or 10.0% more fumaric acid, the difference is statistically significant (P <0.01), compared with the control group. In the final period of the experiment, the average daily live weight gain in young cattle of the second experimental group receiving lactic acid was by 5 g, or 0.60%, higher; in young animals of the third experimental group obtaining fumaric acid – by 8 g, or 0.90% higher, the difference is not statistically significant compared to the control group. The absence of the statistically significant difference in the average daily gain of young cattle between the control and experimental groups indicates the absence of aftereffects of lactic and fumaric acids on productivity in the final period of the experiment. Conclusions. Increase in the average daily gain of young cattle due to the use of fumaric and lactic acids is conditioned by the fact that they have shorter path of energy production compared to glucose, activate the pancreas, intestines and stomach enzymes formation.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115825629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical composition and quality of herbal mass of Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. by phases of plant growth and development.","authors":"O. Korniychuk, K. Kovtun, Y. Veklenko, Alina A. Babych-Poberezhna, V. Yashchuk","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202192-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202192-11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To establish the qualitative indicators of the grass mass of the Danae variety of Trifolium repens L. and the Ajax variety of Lotus corniculatus L. in accordance with the growth and development phases of plants in order to produce high-protein feed. Methods. Field, laboratory, system analysis methods were used. Results. According to our data, the leafiness of leguminous plants and the ratio of leaf mass and stems decrease from the branching phase to the flowering phase, what significantly affects individual indicators of the biochemical composition of the green mass of the first and second mowings. According to the development phases of Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. plants in the grass mass of both the first and second mowings, a decrease in the content of crude protein, crude fat and increase in the content of crude fiber was observed, which was due to a decrease in the leaf mass of plants and an increase in the stem mass. The ratio of the mass of leaves and stems according to the phases of plant development of Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. also influenced the nutritional value of the grass mass forage. The content of fodder units from the branching phase to flowering decreased from 0.94-0.90 to 0.55-0.61 f.u., exchange energy – from 10.25- 10.27 to 7.31-7.86 MJ respectively. Conclusions. Significant changes in plant foliage covering and the percentage ratio of the mass of leaves and stems, their influence on indicators of the biochemical composition, quality and energy nutritional value of the grass mass of Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. have been proved. Changes in the composition of the grass mass were accompanied by a decrease in the content of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and increase in crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractive substances, which led to a decrease in the quality of forage for the leafy mass of leguminous grasses. It has been established that the most high-protein and energetically nutritious forage for the grass mass of leguminous grasses (Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L.) can be obtained by mowing the grass stand in the branching-budding phase. Subsequently, there is a significant decrease in the content of crude and digestible protein, metabolic energy and increase in the content of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extractives.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129793405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic efficiency of growing corn hybrids for grain by different soil tillage technologies","authors":"O. Tomashuk","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-22","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents indicators of the economic efficiency of various technologies for growing corn hybrids for grain. The results of a 3-year field trial in maize of various maturity groups grown in the right-bank Forest-Steppe under different soil tillage models are highlighted. The costs of corn grain production under conventional cultivation and deep tillage, which averages 10,330 UAH per hectare of cropping area is studied. The rate of expenditures clearly correlated with the rate of hybrid productivity. High net profit of 20,119 UAH per hectare is shown when planting mid-ripening hybrid «Adevei» using intensification of the technological process. For other hybrids, conditionally net income fluctuated at the rate of 17,000 UAH per hectare. It is established that during the cultivation of corn for grain according to conventional technology and No-till, hybrids «Adevei» and «LG 3232» were characterized by the best indicators of economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131097485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation and development of the scientific school on the problems of breeding and technological support and development of agrarian science","authors":"I. Zadorozhna","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-23","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the scientific school is considered in the article, its composition as an integral subject of the research activity of the school founder, his followers in time is characterized. The scientific potential of a specific scientific school is evaluated, and the directions of scientific research, actual scientific problems and ways of their solution, current state of training of highly skilled personnel, achievements are characterized.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124150807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of alfalfa green mass of different harvests mowed in the budding phase","authors":"L. Chornolata, S. Lykhach, N. I. Pyryn, L. Pohorila, N. A. Berezhniuk","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-17","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To investigate and analyze the content of the essential nutrients, different carbohydrate fractions and nutritional value of green mass and prepared alfalfa hay of different harvests \u0000Methods. There were used Keldal’s method to determine crude protein content, Henneberg and Stoman’s method to determine crude gluten content, extraction method to determine crude fat content, the method of dry ashing to determine crude ash content, to investigate the content of the essential nutrients and nutritional value of alfalfa green mass of different harvests and the hay produced from it. The polarimetric method was been used to determine the content of starch and sugar and study the composition of the carbohydrate-lignin complex of alfalfa green mass and hay. Indices of neutral-detergent and acid-detergent gluten were determined according to the detergent analysis scheme. \u0000Results. Alfalfa green mass has its specific characteristics, but weather conditions have a significant effect on the content and ratio of structural carbohydrates. As a rule, the first harvesting is conducted in the budding phase in the first decade of May, the second one in the second decade of June, and the third one in the second decade of July. The latter tends to increase sugar content and the amount of easily soluble carbohydrates, and the content of hemicellulose reduces by 20—40 %. The fourth harvesting is carried out in the second decade of August and its green mass has fewer easily soluble carbohydrates, especially starch and the highest content of cellulose and lignin. Crude protein content in it is 18.97 % less and the index of crude and neutral detergent gluten content is higher on average by 20 %. Indices of non-nitrogen-extractive substances and nonstructural carbohydrates are, on the contrary, lower by 3—7 and 5—10 %, respectively. As for inorganic substances and lipids, their content is practically the same. \u0000Nutritional value is expressed in feed units on the same level in alfalfa green mass of the first three harvests and the fourth one is lower by 3—5 %. The exchange energy is also the lowest in the green mass of the fourth harvest on average by 3.7 %. \u0000Drying of alfalfa green mass in accordance with the technology provides high quality, nutrient-rich hay in which crude protein content is lower, compared with the green mass recalculated into absolute dry matter, and indicators that characterize structural carbohydrates are, on the contrary, higher.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126367072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of indices of the individual productivity of spring barley varieties depending on seeding rate in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe","authors":"V. Moldovan, Z. Moldovan, S. I. Sobtchuk","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-09","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of the seeding rate on the formation of the number of ears and grains per ear, weight of 1,000 grains and grains per ear. According to the results of the structural analysis of spring barley plants, the indices of individual productivity are the indicator that changes and depends on the factor studied. In particular, significant fluctuations in the indicators of the weight of 1,000 grains and grains per ear were noted under an increase or decrease in the seeding rate in all the spring barley varieties studied. It is estimated that the largest weight of 1,000 grains was in Svaroh variety – 49.7—51.8, while in Armax, Barvystyi and Tiver varieties, it was 48.5—48.9 g, 46.4—48.9 g, 46.0–47.5, respectively. Grain weight per year was 0.90—0.95 g in Armax variety, 0.91—0.98 g in Barvystyi variety, 0.96—1.03 g in Svaroh variety, and 1.01—1.04 in Tiver variety. The factor studied was less influential on the formation of the number of ears and grains per ear.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114354679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}