{"title":"Feed and biological value of the alfalfa green mass carbohydrate-lignin complex","authors":"L. Chornolata, V. Novakivska, L. Zdor, S. Lykhach","doi":"10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202294-09","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study how the content of the main nutrients, the amount and ratio of structural and nonstructural carbohydrates in the green mass of alfalfa changes during the process of growth and development. To establish a phase in which the produced feed will have high feed and biological value. Methods. Sampling was carried out in accordance with the State Standard of Ukraine (SSU) ISO 6497:2005, determination of the content of moisture and other volatile substances – SSU ISO 6496:2005, nitrogen and crude protein – SSU 7169:2010, crude fat – SSU ISO 6492:2003, fiber – SSU 8844: 2019, raw ash – SSU ISO 5984:2004, carbohydrate-lignin complex (sugars, hemicellulose, cellulose) – SSU 7982:2015, neutral detergent fiber – SSU ISO 16472, acid detergent fiber and lignin – SSU ISO 13906:2013, starch – SSU ISO 6493:2008. Results. During alfalfa green mass growth and development, the content of dry matter increases gradually from 15% to 25%, the content of crude protein in it decreases from 26% to 13%, and crude fiber increases from 15% to 38%, the content and composition of nitrogen-free extractives change. In the phase of branching, the cellulose content is 12%, in the phase of full flowering – 24.6%, during beans development – 30.6%. The lignin content increases from 2.3% to 14.4%, that is, more than six times. The feeding value, expressed in the feed unit indicator, decreases from 0.9 to 0.79, and the exchangeable energy in the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering is at the level of 9.5 MJ. Conclusions. The green mass of alfalfa in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering is a valuable raw material for the production of feeds (hay, silage, granulated feed, grass flour, etc.), since the yield of the crop in this phase is still high, the crude protein content is at the 20% level, the amount of easily hydrolyzed carbohydrates is 14%, the amount of structural carbohydrates is still at the 30.0% level. The calculated feeding value of green mass is higher than the feeding value of the produced hay in terms of feed units by only 3.5%, digestible protein by 11%, and exchangeable energy by 2.6%.","PeriodicalId":384529,"journal":{"name":"Feeds and Feed Production","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Feeds and Feed Production","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo202294-09","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Purpose. To study how the content of the main nutrients, the amount and ratio of structural and nonstructural carbohydrates in the green mass of alfalfa changes during the process of growth and development. To establish a phase in which the produced feed will have high feed and biological value. Methods. Sampling was carried out in accordance with the State Standard of Ukraine (SSU) ISO 6497:2005, determination of the content of moisture and other volatile substances – SSU ISO 6496:2005, nitrogen and crude protein – SSU 7169:2010, crude fat – SSU ISO 6492:2003, fiber – SSU 8844: 2019, raw ash – SSU ISO 5984:2004, carbohydrate-lignin complex (sugars, hemicellulose, cellulose) – SSU 7982:2015, neutral detergent fiber – SSU ISO 16472, acid detergent fiber and lignin – SSU ISO 13906:2013, starch – SSU ISO 6493:2008. Results. During alfalfa green mass growth and development, the content of dry matter increases gradually from 15% to 25%, the content of crude protein in it decreases from 26% to 13%, and crude fiber increases from 15% to 38%, the content and composition of nitrogen-free extractives change. In the phase of branching, the cellulose content is 12%, in the phase of full flowering – 24.6%, during beans development – 30.6%. The lignin content increases from 2.3% to 14.4%, that is, more than six times. The feeding value, expressed in the feed unit indicator, decreases from 0.9 to 0.79, and the exchangeable energy in the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering is at the level of 9.5 MJ. Conclusions. The green mass of alfalfa in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering is a valuable raw material for the production of feeds (hay, silage, granulated feed, grass flour, etc.), since the yield of the crop in this phase is still high, the crude protein content is at the 20% level, the amount of easily hydrolyzed carbohydrates is 14%, the amount of structural carbohydrates is still at the 30.0% level. The calculated feeding value of green mass is higher than the feeding value of the produced hay in terms of feed units by only 3.5%, digestible protein by 11%, and exchangeable energy by 2.6%.
目的。研究紫花苜蓿生长发育过程中主要营养物质的含量、结构碳水化合物和非结构碳水化合物的数量和比例的变化。建立一个阶段,使所生产的饲料具有较高的饲料和生物价值。方法。抽样按照乌克兰国家标准(SSU) ISO 6497:2005进行,测定水分和其他挥发性物质含量- SSU ISO 6496:2005,氮和粗蛋白质- SSU 7169:2010,粗脂肪- SSU ISO 6492:2003,纤维- SSU 8844:2019,生灰- SSU ISO 5984:2004,碳水化合物-木质素复合物(糖、半纤维素、纤维素)- SSU 7982:2015,中性洗涤纤维- SSU ISO 16472,酸性洗涤纤维和木质素- SSU ISO 13906:2013,淀粉- SSU ISO 6493:2008。结果。在紫花苜蓿绿体生长发育过程中,干物质含量由15%逐渐增加到25%,粗蛋白质含量由26%逐渐减少到13%,粗纤维含量由15%逐渐增加到38%,无氮浸出物的含量和组成发生变化。分枝期纤维素含量为12%,花期为24.6%,发育期为30.6%。木质素含量从2.3%提高到14.4%,提高了6倍多。采食量由0.9降至0.79,出芽期和开花期的交换能为9.5 MJ。结论。发芽-开花期的紫花苜蓿青块是生产饲料(干草、青贮、颗粒饲料、草粉等)的宝贵原料,因为这一阶段的作物产量还很高,粗蛋白质含量在20%水平,易水解碳水化合物量为14%,结构碳水化合物量仍在30.0%水平。以饲料单位计算,青体的计算采食价值仅比生产的干草的采食价值高3.5%,可消化蛋白质高11%,可交换能量高2.6%。