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Different Impact of the Recession on the Labour Market: Less Work Without Increasing Unemployment in Slovakia 经济衰退对劳动力市场的不同影响：斯洛伐克在不增加失业率的情况下减少工作
Danube Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0015
K. Morvay, Martin Hudcovský
{"title":"Different Impact of the Recession on the Labour Market: Less Work Without Increasing Unemployment in Slovakia","authors":"K. Morvay, Martin Hudcovský","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper examines why the pandemic recession hit the labour market in Slovakia differently from previous recessions. Traditionally, the unemployment rose sharply during previous economic recessions. Therefore, it seemed like a novelty when the unemployment rate rose only insignificantly in a pandemic recession. We find that both the demand and supply side of the labour market played their role in it. Labour demand has been affected differently compared to the past: Instead of the usual sharp increase in unemployment during a recession, the rate of utilization of workers’ time capacities fell, with expected impacts also on income differentiation. This is in line with the way more advanced European economies have responded to recessions before. In addition, a new element was also present on the labour force supply side. In previous recessions, the labour force supply had been rising; in the recent pandemic recession, it fell for the first time.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47530101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Taxonomy for Transparency in Non-Financial Statements – Clear Duty With Unclear Sanction 非财务报表透明度分类——责任明确，制裁不明确
Danube Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0011
Radka Macgregor Pelikánová, F. Rubáček
{"title":"Taxonomy for Transparency in Non-Financial Statements – Clear Duty With Unclear Sanction","authors":"Radka Macgregor Pelikánová, F. Rubáček","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The updated Directive 2013/34/EU brought a legal duty for large undertakings in the EU to include in their management report a non-financial statement. Considering the UN Agenda 2030, the European Green Deal and Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth, there was enacted Regulation (EU) 2020/852 aka Taxonomy Regulation which adds to this reporting duty the information about the environmental sustainability of the economic activities. What does it mean? Who, when and what must disclose and what are the sanctions for that? EU businesses and their stakeholders need answers to these four questions in order to satisfy their legal duty as well as to boost their effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy. A holistic deep content, comparative and contextual analysis with a teleological interpretation is performed and rather surprising answers along with more general observations about EU law and EU policies are proposed. A duty to defined subjects is imposed, but the sanction mechanism is missing.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44978505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Social Mobility as an Income Inequality Determinant 社会流动性作为收入不平等的决定因素
Danube Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0014
Elena Fifeková, E. Nežinský, Andrea Valachová
{"title":"Social Mobility as an Income Inequality Determinant","authors":"Elena Fifeková, E. Nežinský, Andrea Valachová","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper focuses on the social mobility as the key driver of the income inequality. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the assessment of the social mobility and explore its links to the level of inequality and the age structure of the country. Employing composite social mobility indicator featuring benefit-of-the-doubt weighting principle, scores, ranks and benchmarks for 55 countries worldwide are determined by slack-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) reduced model. The proposed measure is compared to a regular Global Social Mobility Index (GSMI). Score and rank correlations reveal some significant differences although Denmark is robustly confirmed as a leader in social mobility worldwide. The suggested DEA-based approach proved more flexible as to determining benchmarks for underperforming countries. Second stage regression analysis reveals higher levels of income inequality for the countries of lower social mobility and with higher share of young people.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49505147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public Finance in the V4 During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Magic Triangle of Public Finances 新冠肺炎疫情期间V4的公共财政：公共财政的神奇三角
Danube Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0012
Lukáš Cíbik, Dalibor Mikuš
{"title":"Public Finance in the V4 During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Magic Triangle of Public Finances","authors":"Lukáš Cíbik, Dalibor Mikuš","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the paper is to quantify changes in public finances in the countries of the Visegrad Group through the area of the magic triangle of public finances, with an emphasis on the years 2020 and 2021. Using mathematical and statistical methods, we found the absolute and relative primary values of the year-on-year changes in public revenues, public expenditures and public debt since 2016 and substituted in the formula for calculating the area of the magic triangle. We found that in the long term, the magic triangle in the Czech Republic and Poland shows the largest area. The disease of COVID-19 significantly affected the development of aggregate public finances, which was confirmed especially in 2020. In 2020, the area of the magic triangles decreased significantly from 44.8% (Hungary) to 60.2% (Poland). In 2021, all V4 countries will see an improvement in financial indicators and, at the same time, an increase in the area of the magic triangles of public finances, which signals the progress of the public finances situation.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47340775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Digital Transformation of Legal Industry: Management Challenges and Technological Opportunities 法律行业数字化转型：管理挑战与技术机遇
Danube Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0013
Karolina Mania
{"title":"The Digital Transformation of Legal Industry: Management Challenges and Technological Opportunities","authors":"Karolina Mania","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impact of technology on individual economic sectors has also reached the service industry. This article offers a discussion on the influence of information technologies (IT) and changes taking place as a result of the legal services market digital transformation. Thanks to the results of the qualitative study (questionnaire survey a technique of data collection) involving 451 respondents (attorneys and legal counsels) in Poland, it was possible to analyse t lawyers’ attitudes towards particular IT tools and systems as well as the changes taking place in the field of legal services, the business models applied thus far and innovation factors. The gained knowledge shows the current level of technology use in the daily work of lawyers and their attitude towards changes induced by omnipresent digitalization. The results offer vast opportunities for using the knowledge so acquired at academic and business levels, especially by providers of IT solutions for legal professionals.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48262850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tax Procedures Between Transparency and Privacy: Trends in Legal Regulation and Practice in Slovenia 介于透明和隐私之间的税务程序：斯洛文尼亚法律监管和实践的趋势
Danube Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0008
P. Kovač
{"title":"Tax Procedures Between Transparency and Privacy: Trends in Legal Regulation and Practice in Slovenia","authors":"P. Kovač","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tax procedures aim at collecting public finances to cover societal needs but also protect taxpayers. Hereby, a collision between transparency and privacy occurs. The goal of the research was twofold; to identify the relation between transparency and privacy in theory and legislation, and to detect gaps between law by the book and practice in tax matters in Slovenia as an EU Member State. Analyses are therefore based on qualitative research methods attributed to legal-administrative context. A combined approach is applied, including literature review, normative, dogmatic, sociological, and axiological methods. The findings reveal that several national statutes should be clearer to enable consistent enforcement. The results of both theoretical and empirical research suggest a constant search for a balance between transparency and privacy. Yet, the former is more emphasised over time as the letter to increase the rule of law, inclusiveness, and efficiency as the most salient governance principles in tax procedures.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41851811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are We Transforming Towards More Balanced Relationships? Production Connections Between China and Poland in the 21st Century 我们正在向更平衡的关系转变吗?21世纪中国与波兰的生产联系
Danube Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0010
E. Cieślik
{"title":"Are We Transforming Towards More Balanced Relationships? Production Connections Between China and Poland in the 21st Century","authors":"E. Cieślik","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The trade relations between Poland and China have been highly unbalanced. Taking into account the fact that standard trade flows do not reflect the real position of the economy in production links, it was decided to analyse the value-added flows. The goal of the study is to identify the intensity of the value added flows between the Polish and Chinese industries. Two hypotheses were stated: 1) as a result of the introduction of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, the role of Chinese value added directed to Poland increased; 2) the role of Poland as a supplier of added value for Chinese production is gradually growing. The study utilizes the Inter-Country Input-Output Database in the output-input model. Results indicate that Poland has significantly worsened its position in global production links in relation to China in many industries and is still more dependent on value added coming from the EU than on the Chinese value added. The role of Polish value added in Chinese industries is low and has not increased since the BRI introduction. Moreover, it is difficult to conclude that the growing role of China in production links with Poland is the result of the BRI introduction, because no significant changes were observed after starting this strategy.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46663479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Key Challenges and Opportunities of Industry 4.0 in Metallurgical Industry in Slovakia 斯洛伐克冶金工业4.0面临的主要挑战和机遇
Danube Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0009
Patrik Richnák
{"title":"Key Challenges and Opportunities of Industry 4.0 in Metallurgical Industry in Slovakia","authors":"Patrik Richnák","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of the paper was to identify and explain the terms related to Industry 4.0 based on a review of foreign literature and then to interpret the results of the quantitative research. In the construction of the theoretical framework, the analysis, synthesis, comparison of scientific terminology from foreign scientific sources from recent years. Interpretation of the studied issues from the practical aspect was realised on the basis of the evaluation of the questionnaire survey. The object of the research were 29 enterprises participating in the metallurgical industry in Slovakia. The research results indicate that the respondents have partial information about Industry 4.0. Data evaluation also indicated that most of the respondents are applying Industry 4.0 in production. Industry 4.0 in metallurgical enterprises mainly optimise business processes. The use of smart sensors from Industry 4.0 technologies as well as advanced simulation is dominant in metallurgical enterprises in Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43092495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Organizational and Legal Model of Competency-Based Education as a Means of the Transition to Innovative Economy 素质教育作为创新经济转型手段的组织与法律模式
Danube Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0007
O. Yuldashev, Svitlana Khomiachenko, Sergey Olekseevich Yuldashev
{"title":"Organizational and Legal Model of Competency-Based Education as a Means of the Transition to Innovative Economy","authors":"O. Yuldashev, Svitlana Khomiachenko, Sergey Olekseevich Yuldashev","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study is to substantiate theoretical foundations of the development of organizational and legal model of competency-based education as an important means of the transition to innovative economy-knowledge economy, digital intellectual economy. An important problem, as follows from the analysis, is that the current legislation in the field of education, its actual organizational and legal model does not provide necessary reproduction of social capital as a leading factor in the fourth industrial revolution. The main ways to solve this problem is the design of the content (the organizational model) of the sound academic background and its subsequent formalization – development of the organization and legal model of competency-based education. The proposed solutions to the problem, which will be presented to the leadership of education and science of Ukraine, can be useful also to the scientists from other European countries which have similar educational and cultural traditions.","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48418815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Citizens Mistreatment Among Public Servants in Social Public Services 社会公共服务中公务员对公民的虐待
Danube Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/danb-2022-0006
Tatjana Kozjek, Nejc Brezovar
{"title":"Citizens Mistreatment Among Public Servants in Social Public Services","authors":"Tatjana Kozjek, Nejc Brezovar","doi":"10.2478/danb-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Public servants’ decisions that are inconsistent with citizens’ interests can lead to the mistreatment of public servants. The purpose of the research was to found out how the HRM practices in public organizations are related to the perception of fairness (procedural and distributive justice), and how the positive and negative moods of public servants are related to the citizens’ mistreatment. The research was made in local government, public schools, health centres and hospitals. A total of 1,729 respondents answered all the questions. Reliability as the questionnaire’s internal consistency was measured by Cronbach α for each multi-item scale. Four linear regression models were built. The results show that HRM is positively and statistically significantly associated with the perception of procedural justice. Furthermore, public servants’ negative affect is positively and statistically significantly associated with all four dimensions of citizen mistreatment (ambiguous citizen expectations, dealing with a disliked citizen, citizen verbal aggression, and disproportionate citizen expectations).","PeriodicalId":38400,"journal":{"name":"Danube","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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