{"title":"Probabilistic choice vs. risk analysis-conflicts and synthesis in power system planning","authors":"Vladimiro Miranda, L. M. Proença","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599368","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the conceptual differences between adopting a probabilistic weighting of the futures and a risk averse strategy, in power system planning under uncertain scenarios. It is illustrated with a distribution planning problem, where optimal solutions in both cases are determined by a genetic algorithm. It shows that the probabilistic approach is less safe and cannot detect some interesting solutions.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134242648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and experience with a fuzzy logic controller for automatic generation control (AGC)","authors":"G. Chown, R. Hartman","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599425","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design, implementation and operational performance of a fuzzy controller as part of the automatic generation control (AGC) system in Eskom's National Control Centre. The fuzzy controller was implemented in the area control error calculation, which determines the shortfall or surplus generation that has to be corrected. This paper sets out the problems associated with secondary frequency control and AGC. The difficulties associated with optimising the original standard AGC controller, the design, implementation and optimisation of the fuzzy controller and the operational performance of the new controller over two years, are discussed. The fuzzy controller was integrated into the existing off-the-shelf AGC system with only a few modifications. The operational performance over two years showed an overall improvement of over 50% in the reduction of control compared to the original AGC controller, and an initial improvement of 20% in the quality of control of the optimised original controller.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133017538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new digital filter for phasor computation. I. Theory","authors":"J. A. de la O Serna, H. Altuve, I. Diaz","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599380","url":null,"abstract":"A new pair of orthogonal filters for phasor computation is presented. They have excellent time-frequency characteristics for fault location and measurement. Their impulse responses are obtained applying the inverse Fourier transform to a single-lobe function with a strong stopband. From this process, a new window emerges. Without side lobes, it overcomes the temporal barriers imposed by the rectangular window, implicit in digital Fourier filtering. Its length is not restricted to a multiple of one cycle, and it can be adjusted to cover totally the available samples of the fault, extracting the fundamental component with growing precision. On the other hand, its sampling frequency can be reduced to twice the fundamental frequency. In particular, at this minimum sampling frequency, the digital cosine filter rejects the even harmonics and the aperiodic component.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130579854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling of an island grid [power system]","authors":"C. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599399","url":null,"abstract":"An operating model of a small electric power system grid has been developed. The power system generators are predominantly gas turbine-driven and the turbines and generators are all modeled according to the IEEE recommended models and in some cases, by models as given by various turbine manufacturers. The system model was then tested on a digital computer for various load changes. Using a developed personal computer-based data acquisition system, various operational load changes were made on the power system and the transient effect upon it was measured. These changes were then used as inputs into the computer model of the power system and its theoretical reaction was obtained. This was then compared with the measured reaction. Findings show that the theoretical and the actual results compared very favorably.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129545208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast service restoration for large-scale distribution systems with priority customers and constraints","authors":"K. Miu, H. Chiang, Bentao Yuan, G. Darling","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599366","url":null,"abstract":"A fast, effective service restoration method is designed for large-scale distribution systems with priority customers. The service restoration problem is formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem. A ranking-based search method employing analytical information obtained from three-phase power flow simulations is designed to restore service to as many priority customers as possible while maximizing the amount of total load restored and minimizing the number of required switch operations. The proposed method is designed with consideration to networks which have predominantly manual switches. Comprehensive simulation results of the search method, including priority customers, single and multiple faults and multiple out-of-service areas are presented for a 416 bus distribution network.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129564941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preventive/corrective control for voltage stability using direct interior point method","authors":"X. Wang, G. Ejebe, J. Tong, J. Waight","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599419","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the applications of the interior point (IP) method on preventive/corrective control (PCC) for power system voltage stability. The mathematical model of preventive/corrective control, based on the control costs, is proposed. In the real-time mode, preventive control is carried out when the voltage stability margins between the operating point and the stability boundary are too small. In the study mode, corrective control is carried out when the voltage is insecure. After preventive/corrective control, not only should the power system operation point be in the voltage secure area, but some voltage stability margins should also be maintained. The approach proposed has been successfully tested on five systems-from 100 bus system to 4000 bus system.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123990556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. K. Tam, C. Maurel, P. Desbiens, R. Marceau, A.S. Malowany, L. Granger
{"title":"A low-cost PC-oriented virtual environment for operator training [for power stations]","authors":"E. K. Tam, C. Maurel, P. Desbiens, R. Marceau, A.S. Malowany, L. Granger","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599426","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual environment (VE) technologies have been shown to provide invaluable training in the performance of complex procedural tasks. Of paramount importance to the success of any VE is realism; entities must move and behave believably and approximate the complexity of the real world. Such real-world fidelity is accompanied by the challenge of making immersive training in virtual reality (VR) more widely available, at costs significantly less prohibitive. A solution is presented to recreate the VE on low-cost PCs, reducing the cost of the VR software itself, yet preserving real-time performance. This paper presents a low-cost, PC-based VR development system within the framework of ESOPE-VR, a VR power station operator training simulator (OTS) prototype for power-utility personnel. PC-ESOPE-VR aims to provide the same or improved functionality and performance as the original, with a 3-D visual interface, voice recognition and feedback, navigation and manipulation facilities and expert system, multimedia and multi-user (distributed) support, yet address the practical demands raised above. The PC-based system is also compatible with the original; it can draw on existing ESOPE-VR power component libraries and support the automatic synthesis of a virtual power station environment from its single-line diagram representation. The approach used towards fulfilling all these issues is described, followed by key implementation results.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123659341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial neural network approach to single-ended fault locator for transmission lines","authors":"Zhihong Chen, J. Maun","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599387","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the application of an artificial neural network-based algorithm to the single-ended fault location of transmission lines using voltage and current data. From the fault location equations, similar to the conventional approach, this method selects phasors of prefault and superimposed voltages and currents from all phases of the transmission line as inputs of the artificial neural network. The outputs of the neural network are the fault position and the fault resistance. With its function approximation ability, the neural network is trained to map the nonlinear relationship existing in the fault location equations with the distributed parameter line model. It can get both fast speed and high accuracy. The influence of the remote-end infeed on neural network structure is studied. A comparison with the conventional method has been done. It is shown that the neural network-based method can adapt itself to big variations of source impedances at the remote terminal. Finally, when the remote source impedances vary in small ranges, the structure of the artificial neural network has been optimized by the pruning method.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122851637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A method for computing the value of corrective security [of power systems]","authors":"G. Strbac, S. Ahmed, D. Kirschen, R. Allan","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599429","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method for computing the optimal balance between preventive and corrective power system security actions. This method relies on a three-stage Benders decomposition and is capable of handling the mixed integer linear nature of this problem. A number of cases studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method and to illustrate the consequences of introducing demand side corrective actions. In particular, it is shown that using corrective actions can significantly reduce the total cost of security and that the reliability of the power transmission system affects the optimal mix of preventive and corrective security. The proposed method provides a basis for negotiations between the transmission operator and potential providers of demand side corrective actions.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122752501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. La Scala, R. Sbrizzai, F. Torelli, P. Scarpellini
{"title":"A tracking time domain simulator for real-time transient stability analysis","authors":"M. La Scala, R. Sbrizzai, F. Torelli, P. Scarpellini","doi":"10.1109/PICA.1997.599417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PICA.1997.599417","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time power system transient stability analysis requires the analysis of hundreds of contingencies in terms of minutes using online data from state estimation. The final objective is to present timely information about transfer limits and stability margins and eventually implement corrective actions. In this paper, the authors assume that the dynamic contingency analysis (DCA) has to be repeated every 15 minutes. During this period of time, the loading and configuration conditions of the system change significantly but not drastically. They verify that the set of the relevant contingencies remains almost the same in the time interval comprised between two cycles of the functions associated to dynamic security analysis (DSA). Parallel-in-time formulated algorithms can be used in tracking the load conditions in real-time adopting as initial guess for the simulation of each contingency, the trajectories obtained for the same contingency at the previous cycle of DSA functions (that is the ones calculated in the previous 15 minutes). In this way, the information obtained in a previous cycle of DCA is not lost completely as in step-by-step algorithms. The feasibility of the approach has been tested on the Italian 380-220kV transmission system operated by ENEL. A parallel implementation of the approach on a nCUBE multiprocessor is reported.","PeriodicalId":383749,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Power Industry Computer Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127553256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}