Journal of Palaeosciences最新文献_第6页

Palaeozoic and Mesozoic palaeo–wildfires: An overview on advances in the 21st Century 古生代和中生代古野火:21世纪研究进展综述

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2021.13

A. Jasper, Ândrea Pozzebon-Silva, Júlia Siqueira Carniere, D. Uhl

{"title":"Palaeozoic and Mesozoic palaeo–wildfires: An overview on advances in the 21st Century","authors":"A. Jasper, Ândrea Pozzebon-Silva, Júlia Siqueira Carniere, D. Uhl","doi":"10.54991/jop.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Fire is a major driver for the evolution of biodiversity throughout the Phanerozoic and occurs in continental palaeoenvironments since the advent of the first land plants in the Silurian. The detection of palaeo–wildfire events can be based on different proxies, and charcoal is widely accepted as the most reliable evidence for such events in sedimentary layers. Although the identification of sedimentary charcoal as the product of incomplete combustion was the subject of controversial scientific discussions, palaeobotanical data can be used to confirm the pyrogenic origin of such material. In an overview on Palaeozoic and Mesozoic charcoal remains, differences in the number of published records can be detected for individual periods; including phases with both, lower (Silurian, Triassic, Jurassic) and higher (Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Cretaceous) numbers of published evidences for palaeo–wildfires. With the aim to discuss selected advances in palaeo–wildfire studies since the beginning of the 21st Century, we present an overview on the published occurrences of charcoal for an interval from the Silurian up to the Cretaceous. It was possible to confirm that a lack of detailed palaeobotanical data on the subject is detected in some intervals and regions, despite the high potential of occurrences detected in form of pyrogenic inertinites by coal petrographic studies. Although such temporal and regional gaps can be explained by taphonomic and palaeoenvironmental biases, it also indicates the scientific potential of future studies in diverse palaeogeographical and temporal settings.","PeriodicalId":383463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Palaeosciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128605980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Palaeoproterozoic (2.2 Ga) life on land near Medicine Bow Peak, Wyoming, U.S.A. 美国怀俄明州梅迪辛堡峰附近陆地上的古元古代(2.2 Ga)生物

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2020.33

G. Retallack

引用次数: 0

Mid to late Quaternary Fluvial activity in allochthonous river systems of the Maharashtra Plateau, India: A review and new observations 印度马哈拉施特拉高原异域水系的中晚第四纪河流活动:综述与新观测

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2021.20

Vishwas S. Kale

引用次数: 2

A river flowing through a desert: late Quaternary environments in the Nile basin – current understanding and unresolved questions 流经沙漠的河流:尼罗河盆地的晚第四纪环境——目前的认识和未解决的问题

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2021.22

Martin A. J. Williams

{"title":"A river flowing through a desert: late Quaternary environments in the Nile basin – current understanding and unresolved questions","authors":"Martin A. J. Williams","doi":"10.54991/jop.2021.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2021.22","url":null,"abstract":"Late Quaternary environments in the Nile Basin reflect the influence of the African summer monsoon upon plant cover, sediment yield and flood discharge in the Ethiopian and Ugandan headwaters of the Nile. Intervals of prolonged and very high Nile flow coincide with times of stronger summer monsoon and have been dated using a combination of 14C, OSL and 10Be methods. Periods of high Nile flow into the eastern Mediterranean coincide with the formation of highly organic sedimentary layers termed sapropels. Ages obtained so far for these times of sustained middle to late Pleistocene high flow in the Blue and White Nile are broadly coeval with sapropel beds S8 (ca 217 ka), S7 (ca 195 ka), S6 (ca 172 ka), S5 (ca 124 ka), S4 (ca 102 ka) S3 (ca 81 ka), S2 (ca 55–50 ka) and S1 (10–6.5 ka). Sapropel 5 (ca 124 ka) was synchronous with extreme Blue Nile floods and the formation of the 386 m lake in the lower White Nile Valley, as well as with a prolonged wet phase in the eastern Sahara. Fluctuations in Nile flow and sapropel formation reflect the influence of the precessional cycle upon the East African monsoon. \u0000Between 75 ka and 19 ka the climate in the Nile headwaters region became progressively colder and drier. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Lake Tana in Ethiopia and Lake Victoria in Uganda became dry, flow in the White Nile was reduced to a trickle, and the Blue Nile and Atbara became highly seasonal bed–load rivers. The return of the summer monsoon at 14.5 ka ushered in extreme Blue Nile floods, widespread flooding across the Nile Basin and the formation of the 382 m lake in the lower White Nile Valley. There was a brief return to aridity during the Younger Dryas (12.8–11.5 ka), after which the climate again became wetter and widespread flooding in the Nile Valley resumed. The early Holocene floods were later followed by incision and creation of the modern relatively narrow flood plain.","PeriodicalId":383463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Palaeosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125946546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Late Oligocene climate and floristic diversity of Assam, Northeast India 印度东北部阿萨姆邦晚渐新世气候和植物区系多样性

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2020.32

Harshita Bhatia, G. Srivastava, R. Mehrotra

引用次数: 1

Ediacaran periglacial sedimentary structures 埃迪卡拉纪冰缘沉积构造

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2021.8

Gregory J. Retallack

{"title":"Ediacaran periglacial sedimentary structures","authors":"Gregory J. Retallack","doi":"10.54991/jop.2021.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2021.8","url":null,"abstract":"Ediacaran fossils are sometimes reconstructed as colorful organisms of clear azure seas like tropical lagoons, or as ghostlike forms in deep, dark oceans. Alternatively, they can be envisaged as sessile organisms in frigid soils, to judge from associated Ediacaran periglacial paleosols and tillites. Additional evidence of cool Ediacaran paleoclimate now comes from reinterpretation of two supposed trace fossils: (1) grooves radiating from Ediacaran fossils interpreted as radular feeding traces (“Kimberichnus”) of supposed molluscs (Kimberella), and (2) chains of fossil impressions interpreted as feeding traces (“Epibaion”) of supposed worms or placozoans (Yorgia, Dickinsonia). The grooves are not curved with rounded ends like radular scratches, but with sharp or crudely bifid tips like frost flowers and frost needles extruded from plant debris. Fossil impressions in chains are not sequential feeding stations, but in polygonal arrays, like vagrant lichens and mosses displaced by wind gusts and periglacial frost boils. Thus, neither the taphomorph “Epibaion”, nor the ice crystal pseudomorphs “Kimberichnus” are valid ichnogenera. These newly recognized frost boils, needle ice, frost feathers, frost hair and frost shawls are additions to isotopic and glendonite evidence that the Ediacaran was another period in Earth history when even low paleolatitudes were cool.","PeriodicalId":383463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Palaeosciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123658369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Palaeosciences in 2050: Some Thoughts 2050年的古科学:一些思考

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2021.10

A. Sahni

{"title":"Palaeosciences in 2050: Some Thoughts","authors":"A. Sahni","doi":"10.54991/jop.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"One of the advantages of writing about futuristic scenarios, is that an elderly author has little chance of facing criticism. The Indian born author, George Orwell knew this fact well, when he published his famous novel of life and times 1984 in the summer of 1949. He painted a rather dark, sombre picture of life in 1984 keeping in mind the dark clouds of intrigue and conspiracy that hung over the post WWII world at the time. 1984 came and went and was not as eventful as George Orwell had imagined and most of his predictions went unnoticed. Encouraged by this, I venture to see 2050 as a very crowded planet (with well over 9 billion inhabitants) competing for resources, conscious of the need to preserve and conserve the earth for future generations, sentiments that were not a priority in 1950 when we were rebuilding after 2 world wars. The factor that would dominate all activity is the restriction of the amount of carbon emissions by human actions. The Paris agreement of 2015 points to limiting temperature increase on our planet to below 2o C from start of industrial revolution. Reliance on fossil fuels will be reduced; rise of renewable energy and lower carbon economy will take shape. By 2050, we will have a very electrified world with more electric vehicles replacing internal combustion engines and hydrogen replacing natural gas. These issues will dominate on how and on what topics we will do our research and what challenges need to be tackled. The changes will help mankind towards sustainability, alleviating climate hazards and improving quality of life on our planet. But will that be enough to reverse the course of the planet? ","PeriodicalId":383463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Palaeosciences","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122150953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yukon to the Yucatan: Habitat partitioning in North American Late Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Pilosa) 育空到尤卡坦:北美晚更新世地懒的栖息地划分(Xenarthra, Pilosa)

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2021.17

H. Gregory McDonald

引用次数: 5

Palaeodiet, palaeoecology and palaeoenvironment during 1200 BCE–300 CE in the Ganga Plain: A palaeoethnobotanical and palynological approach 公元前1200 - 300年恒河平原的古饮食、古生态和古环境:古民族植物学和孢粉学研究

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2020.27

A. K. Pokharia, Anjali Trivedi, Deepika Tripathi, C. Srivastava, D. P. Tewari, Jaya Menon, Supriya Varma, A. Srivastava, Vaishali

引用次数: 0

The fossil flora of the Dead Sea region, Jordan – A late Permian Garden of Delights 死海地区的化石植物群，约旦-一个晚二叠纪的快乐花园

Journal of Palaeosciences Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.54991/jop.2021.12

H. Kerp, P. Blomenkemper, A. Abu Hamad, B. Bomfleur

{"title":"The fossil flora of the Dead Sea region, Jordan – A late Permian Garden of Delights","authors":"H. Kerp, P. Blomenkemper, A. Abu Hamad, B. Bomfleur","doi":"10.54991/jop.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Umm Irna Formation, Jordan, holds one of the most peculiar late Permian plant–fossil assemblages worldwide. Over the last decades of field work, several localities close to the eastern shore of the Dead Sea have yielded a highly diverse ‘mixed flora’ of mesic to xeric environments encompassing elements that are typical either for different floral realms or for different time periods of Earth History. Taxa typical for particular floral realms include, e.g. Cathaysian gigantopterids and Lobatannularia, Euramerican conifers such as Otovicia hypnoides, or the characteristic Gondwanan seed ferns Glossopteris and Dicroidium. Moreover, most taxa are typical for the Permian, some assemblages have also yielded precocious occurrences of taxa that have so far been considered typical for the Mesozoic, such as Umkomasiaceae, Bennettitales, and podocarp conifers. In most cases, fossils from the Umm Irna Formation show well–preserved cuticles that allow sound systematic placement and contribute to the reconstruction of dispersed plant parts into whole–plant–taxa. Altogether, the Umm Irna Formation provides an exceptional window into depositional environments and vegetation types that are rarely preserved in the fossil record but that are crucial for our understanding of plant evolution.","PeriodicalId":383463,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Palaeosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133544391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4