Current Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Multi-functional PGPR Serratia liquefaciens confers enhanced resistance to lead stress and bacterial blight in soybean (Glycine max L.)","authors":"Mohamed A. El-Esawi ,&nbsp;Hayssam M. Ali ,&nbsp;Ashraf Atef Hatamleh ,&nbsp;Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary ,&nbsp;Enas M. El-Ballat","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead toxicity and bacterial blight disease caused by <em>Pseudomonas savastanoi</em> pv. <em>glycinea</em> have destructive impacts on soybean growth and productivity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been used as an eco-friendly approach for augmenting crop growth and stress resistance. The current study investigated the efficacy of <em>Serratia liquefaciens</em> ZM6 strain in enhancing soybean resistance to lead (Pb) stress and bacterial blight. Two pot experiments were performed. In the first pot experiment, soybean plants were inoculated with <em>S. liquefaciens</em> ZM6 and grown under variable Pb stress levels (0, 200 and 400 µM of Pb(NO₃)₂). In the second experiment, <em>S. liquefaciens</em>-inoculated soybean plants were infected with <em>P. savastanoi</em> pv. <em>glycinea</em>, and disease severity was assessed two weeks post infection. The results revealed that <em>S. liquefaciens</em> strain resisted Pb stress up to 400 µM Pb(NO₃)₂ and exhibited the highest levels of solubilized phosphate, solubilized zinc, siderophore, indole acetic acid, exopolysaccharide, trehalose and antioxidant enzymes at 400 µM Pb compared to the other treatments. Moreover, Pb stress (200 and 400 µM) significantly decreased the growth, yield, nutrient uptake, gas exchange, and contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, sugars, and phenolics of soybean plants. Pb stress also induced the levels of proline, glycine betaine, Pb, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate, glutathione and expression of stress-responsive genes (<em>CAT</em>, <em>APX</em>, <em>POD</em>, <em>Fe-SOD</em>, <em>CHS7, CHI1A, PAL, IFS2, P5CS</em> and <em>WRKY54</em>) in soybean plants. On the other hand, <em>S. liquefaciens</em> application markedly boosted the growth, yield and levels of nutrients, gas-exchange, chlorophyll, osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes and expression of stress-tolerant genes of Pb-stressed soybean plants. The bacterial inoculation significantly diminished oxidative stress indicators and Pb content in stressed plants. Inoculation of soybean plants with <em>S. liquefaciens</em> also caused significant reductions in blight disease symptoms in <em>P. savastanoi</em> pv. <em>glycinea</em>-infected plants, indicating the efficiency of this strain in controlling harmful blight disease. Overall, this study demonstrated <em>S. liquefaciens</em> ZM6 effectiveness in enhancing soybean resistance to Pb stress and bacterial blight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRASSIUS 2.0: A gene regulatory information knowledgebase for maize and other grasses","authors":"John Gray ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsuan Chu ,&nbsp;Ankita Abnave ,&nbsp;Fabio Gomez Cano ,&nbsp;Yun Sun Lee ,&nbsp;Sarah Percival ,&nbsp;Nan Jiang ,&nbsp;Erich Grotewold","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass species, which include the major cereal crops maize, wheat, rice, and sugarcane, are an integral part of our global agriculture and source of food and energy for a growing world population. GRASSIUS was established as a knowledgebase for transcription factors (TFs) and coregulators (CoRegs) in maize and several other species in the grass family. TFs are a primary component of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and the underlying gene regulatory grids (GRGs) that govern all aspects of plant growth and metabolism. GRASSIUS is the source for all information pertaining to the maize TFome collection, which serves as a powerful resource for the discovery of GRNs in maize and other cereals [1,2]. Here we describe the release of the GRASSIUS 2.0 knowledgebase (<span><span>www.grassius.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) with updated data, query, and tool features, as well as the ability to expand to accommodate future datasets. The membership and annotation of all TF and CoReg families has been updated and revised to include gene models from v3, v4, and v5, of the maize B73 genome and recent genome versions of rice, sorghum, <em>Brachypodium</em>, and sugarcane. A translation tool enables cross referencing of Gene IDs between versions of the maize genome. Protein-DNA interactions (PDIs) have been added incorporating results derived from various gene- and TF-centered PDI discovery tools and visualized through a new web-based interface. A filtering tools permits the selection and visualization of PDIs within a ± 2 kb distance from the transcriptional start site (TSS) of a gene of interest. A new BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) tool facilitates searching of the maize TFome as well as v3, v4, and v5 TF gene model sets. Lastly, we describe the methodology used to implement GRASSIUS 2.0 which can guide others in developing and updating similar plant gene regulatory knowledgebases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential applications of cytokinins and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase inhibitors for mitigating abiotic stresses in model and non-model plant species","authors":"Mxolisi P. Voko ,&nbsp;Adeyemi O. Aremu ,&nbsp;Nokwanda P. Makunga ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Nisler ,&nbsp;Karel Doležal ,&nbsp;Nqobile A. Masondo","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cytokinins (CKs) are important phytohormones which are used by plants to optimize responses against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, temperature and nutrient stresses known to repress germination, and influencing general plant growth and development. Such stresses often trigger phenotypic plasticity and lead to low yields. Yet, the beneficial effect of CKs is counteracted by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX, EC 1.5.99.12) enzymes and by <em>N</em>- and/or <em>O</em>-glycosylation. Additionally, research on CKs and CKX is often limited to model plants studied in isolation, and sparsely covers non-model plants exposed to abiotic stresses. Thus, this review explored the role of CKs and CKX inhibitors in mitigating abiotic stresses in model and non-model plants. We also examined possible crosstalk mechanisms of CKs with auxins, polyamines, and other major phytohormones. A detailed literature search was conducted using several databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. Upon perception of environmental stimuli, CKs [e.g., <em>N</em>⁶-(Δ²isopent-2-enyl)adenine (iP), <em>trans</em>-zeatin (<em>t</em>Z) and <em>cis</em>-zeatin (<em>c</em>Z)] induce abiotic stress tolerance in a CK - dependent manner or by forming intermolecular pathways with abscisic acid, ethylene, auxins and polyamines. Regulatory motifs of type-B ARRs code for transcriptional responses via DNA-binding. Inhibitors of CKX (e.g., 3TFM-2HE, INCYDE, F-INCYDE and anisiflupurin) act as promoters of growth and stress-tolerance through the inhibition of catabolic CKXs and regulate an increase in endogenous CKs (e.g., iP, <em>t</em>Z and <em>c</em>Z) in plants. The ability of CKX inhibitors to intercept CKX gene regulation is an indication of their potential applications in agriculture and other industries that rely on plant-based products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nested association mapping population in japonica rice: Development, characterization, and application in genome-wide association studies","authors":"Bhagwat Nawade ,&nbsp;Sang-Ho Chu ,&nbsp;Sunhee Kim ,&nbsp;Chang-Yong Lee ,&nbsp;Jinsong Bao ,&nbsp;Yong-Jin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiparental mapping populations hold great potential for dissecting quantitative traits and rapidly identifying genetic determinants. We developed a <em>japonica</em> nested association mapping population, KNU_NAM, comprising 880 lines derived from ten recombinant inbred lines (RILs) families of prominent varieties and the elite Korean variety Shindongjin. Genetic characterization of KNU_NAM revealed 48,159 polymorphic SNPs, with family counts ranging from 18,787 to 42,578 and an average of 30,019 SNPs per family. Further molecular diversity analysis of KNU_NAM indicated reduced population structure and broad genetic diversity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on five morphological traits identified 47 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), with a set of 18 MTAs located on chromosome 9. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block analysis of this region revealed 15 haplotypes and identified five key genes associated with panicle architecture: <em>OsDEP1</em>, <em>OsEATB</em>, <em>OsLGD1</em>, and <em>OsSPL18</em>. Additionally, two non-synonymous MTAs on chromosome 7 were located on the exon of <em>OsPRR37/Ghd7.1</em>, a gene associated with plant height, heading date, and grain number per panicle. Further phenotypic performance analysis of haplotypes from these hotspot regions revealed significant differences in the targeted traits. The study validates the potential of KNU_NAM and GWAS for high-resolution genetic mapping in rice breeding programs, highlighting the utility of these populations for enhancing genetic diversity and improving trait selection in rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyramiding of multiple resistant genes of blast and bacterial blight diseases in the background of rice (Oryza sativa) mega variety BRRI dhan29","authors":"Mohammad Abdul Latif ,&nbsp;Sheikh Arafat Islam Nihad,&nbsp;Rakibul Hasan,&nbsp;Lutfur Rahman,&nbsp;Touhidur Rahman Anik,&nbsp;Amal Chandra Manidas,&nbsp;Mamunur Rashid,&nbsp;Mohammad Ashik Iqbal Khan,&nbsp;Rejwan Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blast and bacterial blight (BB) are the two major rice diseases in the world including Bangladesh. In this study, BB resistance genes (<em>Xa21</em> and <em>xa13</em>) and blast resistance (<em>Pi9</em> and <em>Pb1</em>) genes were pyramided into a mega variety, BRRI dhan29 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. IRBB58 was used as a BB-resistant donor and Pi9-US2, and Pb1-US2 were used as blast-resistant donors. Backcross was done between BRRI dhan29 and donor parents to develop BC₃F₁ population and then selfing was done to develop BC₃F₆ population. BC₃F₂ population was genotyped and phenotyped for segregation analysis and BC₃F₆ was evaluated for genotyping, phenotyping and morphological traits and yields. Chi-square analysis of BC₃F₂ data revealed that blast and BB resistance followed the single gene mendelian fashion (1:2:1 and 3:1). Two to four gene combinations were found in the advanced lines of the BC₃F₆ population. The yield of the advanced lines ranged from 6.42 (t ha⁻¹) to 9.5 (t ha⁻¹) and they showed resistant against blast and BB with mean disease scores ranging from 0.67 to 2.33 and 0.33–2.33, respectively. Finally, eight lines having four genes (<em>xa13, Xa21, Pi9</em> and <em>Pb1</em>) were selected for multilocational (five locations) trials for yield performance and disease reaction. Mean yield data of eight advanced lines of all locations were varied from 6.48±0.15–8.38±0.11 t ha⁻¹ and all the lines showed resistant reactions against blast (score 0.53–1) and BB (score 0.6–0.87) disease. The highest yield was found in BR (Path) 13800-BC3–224–12 (G28, 8.38±0.11 t ha⁻¹) followed by BR (Path) 13800-BC3–134–252 (G26, 8.28±0.08 t ha⁻¹) and BR (Path) 13800-BC3–136–115 (G12, 8.24±0.07 t ha⁻¹). Pyramided advanced lines of this study could be released as BB and blast-resistant varieties or could be utilized as donor parents in resistant breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryopreservation of Arum palaestinum plant callus as a strategy for mitigating extinction risks","authors":"Sobhia Saifan ,&nbsp;Rida A. Shibli ,&nbsp;Tamara S. Al Qudah ,&nbsp;Reham W. Tahtamouni ,&nbsp;Tamadour Al –Qudah","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Arum palaestinum</em> is a wild perennial plant commonly known as \"Al-Loof\" in Jordan. Due to overharvesting, climate change, and increasing demand, its natural populations are threatened with extinction. Cryopreservation, an effective method for conserving plant material at ultra-low temperatures, is explored for <em>A. palaestinum</em> calli. We investigated the applicability of encapsulation-vitrification (using different plant vitrification solutions (PVS) and incubation times), encapsulation-dehydration (using sucrose or sorbitol at different concentrations and dehydration times), and the v-cryoplate (using different pre-culture times and temperatures) techniques. In the encapsulation-vitrification experiment, a notable 82.4 % regrowth rate was achieved by desiccating calli in plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) for 10 minutes at 25 °C. The encapsulation-dehydration technique resulted in an 82.6 % regrowth rate by incubating calli for one day in low sucrose levels (0.1 M sucrose) following one hour of air dehydration, where the moisture content of the beads was 30 %. The moisture content of the beads decreased from 81 % before chemical and air dehydration to 71 % after 0 hours of air dehydration combined with chemical dehydration using 0.1 M sucrose or sorbitol. It further dropped to 30–34 % after one day of chemical dehydration with 0.1 M sucrose and 1 hour of air dehydration. The v-cryoplate technique successfully conserved calli, showing impressive survival and regrowth percentages (96.8 %) when the callus was pre-cultured with 0.3 M sucrose for three days at 5 °C. Temperature during pre-culture significantly influenced regrowth percentages in the v-cryoplate technique. The study establishes promising cryopreservation protocols for <em>A. palaestinum</em> calli, offering a means to conserve germplasm and contribute to environmental and biodiversity protection by reintroducing endangered plants to their native habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion of gentiopicroside production and transcriptional responses of biosynthetic genes in adventitious root cultures of Gentiana scabra Bunge by elicitation with methyl jasmonate","authors":"Jingwen Hao ,&nbsp;Jian Zang ,&nbsp;Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Hao ,&nbsp;Rujun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic elicitors play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth, development, and specialized metabolism. This study aimed to further increase the gentiopicroside content by screening elicitor types, optimizing elicitation conditions, and estimating transcriptional responses of biosynthetic genes in the adventitious roots of <em>Gentiana scabra</em>. The results showed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was the most effective inducer for biomass accumulation in the adventitious roots of <em>G. scabra</em> among tested elicitors, with fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of 13.26 ± 0.57 g flask⁻¹ and 1.31 ± 0.25 g flask⁻¹, respectively. The effects of the induction time and concentration of MeJA on the biomass and gentiopicroside content in the adventitious roots of <em>G. scabra</em> were investigated. The maximum FW (15.73 ± 0.41 g flask⁻¹) and DW (1.51 ± 0.19 g flask⁻¹) were obtained when the roots were cultured for 6 days in MS liquid medium containing 3.0 mg L⁻¹ 1-naphthlcetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ kinetin (KT) at MeJA concentration of 100 μM L⁻¹. Also, the gentiopicroside content significantly increased to 62.62 ± 0.27 mg g⁻¹ DW, and was 2.49 times higher than that for the nontreated control. The expression levels of 12 candidate gentiopicroside biosynthesis–related genes involved in the mevalonic acid (MVA), methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP), and secoiridoid pathways were estimated in the adventitious roots of <em>G. scabra</em> to further understand the transcriptional response to MeJA elicitation. Among these, 10 genes (<em>ACCT1</em>, <em>HMGR1</em>, <em>MCK1</em>, <em>MVD1</em>, <em>GPPS4</em>, <em>G10H</em>, <em>IS3</em>, <em>DL7H1</em>, <em>DXS5</em>, and <em>ISPH5</em>) were upregulated whereas <em>DXR1</em> and <em>IDI1</em> genes were downregulated in the adventitious roots of <em>G. scabra</em> compared with nontreated control, with significant differences having threshold <em>P</em> value ≤0.05. The transcriptional analyses revealed that 12 candidate genes were the key regulated genes in the gentiopicroside biosynthetic pathway. Overall, the findings provided a promising, feasible, and stable approach to utilizing MeJA elicitation to increase the production of valuable gentiopicroside. Additionally, they provided a foundation for future gentiopicroside biosynthesis through metabolic engineering strategies in the adventitious roots of <em>G. scabra</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal changes in the proanthocyanidins to anthocyanins ratio during dormancy associate with bloom time variations in peach","authors":"Protiva Rani Das ,&nbsp;Md Tabibul Islam ,&nbsp;Jianyang Liu ,&nbsp;Zongrang Liu ,&nbsp;Chris Dardick ,&nbsp;Sherif M. Sherif","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our previous research demonstrated that fall applications of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator, delay bloom in peach, accompanied by changes in endogenous hormones, ROS, sugar metabolism, and transcriptomic profiles during bud dormancy phases (endodormancy and ecodormancy). In this study, floral bud tissues were collected from ethephon-treated and untreated trees at three time points (200, 600, and 1000 chilling hours, CH) during endodormancy and two points (1000 and 3000 growing degree hours, GDH) during ecodormancy. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS), we aimed to unravel the untargeted metabolic changes explaining ethephon-mediated bloom delay. Metabolite set-enrichment analysis (MSEA) revealed significant chemical group variations between dormancy phases, with a threefold increase in flavonoids during endodormancy and a doubling of organic and amino acids during ecodormancy. Further analysis of genes associated with the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of the flavonoid pathway showed that ethephon treatment upregulated genes associated with proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis and downregulated genes related to anthocyanins (ACNs). We quantified PA and ACN contents in 12 peach cultivars with contrasting bloom times and chilling requirements (e.g. 727–1308 CH). Late-bloom cultivars had higher PA levels during endodormancy, while early-bloom cultivars had higher ACN levels during ecodormancy. Staining buds with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) dye revealed a decline in the PA/ACN ratio at later ecodormancy stages, correlating with bloom time. Integrated analysis of metabolite content and gene expression in late-bloom 'KV021779' and early-bloom 'John Boy' cultivars validated that late-blooming cultivars have higher PA levels during endodormancy, extending dormancy-release periods and resulting in later blooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor TaNF-YB4 overexpression in wheat increases plant vigor and yield","authors":"Arooj Azhar,&nbsp;Sidra Ijaz,&nbsp;Ayesha Jabeen,&nbsp;Attiya Kamal,&nbsp;Aftab Bashir,&nbsp;Kauser Abdulla Malik","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing food security is a priority in developing countries. This study aimed to improve wheat yield by overexpressing the <em>TaNF-YB4</em> transcription factor, which is involved in carbon assimilation and stress tolerance. An expression cassette for <em>TaNF-YB4</em> was developed in a modified wheat transformation vector (pSB219) and examined through transient expression in <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>, followed by <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated transformation of wheat variety FSD-2008. T₀ transgenic plants were propagated to obtain T₃ generation PCR-positive plants. Transgene expression was assessed in PCR-verified T₂ plants using RT-PCR and qRT-PCR at six weeks post-germination. qRT-PCR analysis using the ΔΔCT method indicated higher <em>TaNF-YB4</em> expression in transgenic lines than in the wild-type control plants. Improved agronomic and phenotypic traits were observed with a 6–36 % increase in 1000-grain weight in the selected transgenic lines. Root architecture assessments demonstrated enhanced root length, surface area, and projected area in transgenic lines compared with wild-type plants. Additionally, notable variances in total chlorophyll, protein, and sugar content levels were observed between the transgenic lines and control plants, demonstrating statistical significance with a p-value ≤ 0.05. This study indicates that low-level constitutive expression of <em>TaNF-YB4</em> can enhance wheat yield, presenting a viable strategy for improving wheat productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green-synthesized carbon dots from ginger: Multifunctional agents against oral pathogens with biocompatibility in human gingival fibroblast cells","authors":"Shaeesta Khaleelahmed Bhavikatti ,&nbsp;Siti Lailatul Akmar Zainuddin ,&nbsp;Rosmaliza Binti Ramli ,&nbsp;Sameer J. Nadaf ,&nbsp;Padma B. Dandge ,&nbsp;Masidd Khalate ,&nbsp;Mohmed Isaqali Karobari","doi":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent antibiotic use in treating oral infections often leads to drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria, notably impacting conditions like periodontitis. Addressing this challenge, the study pioneers the use of carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from ginger rhizomes (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>) as a novel biocompatible material. CDs were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, emphasizing a green approach, and comprehensively characterized for their optical properties and structural uniformity. The synthesized CDs showed a zeta potential of −24.9 mV, confirming the formation of stable and well-dispersed particles. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) confirmed an average particle size of 2.9 nm, thus validating the formation of CDs. Biomedical assessments demonstrated that the synthesized CDs were non-cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblast cell lines, with effective free radical scavenging activity and high total antioxidant capacity, as indicated by their IC50 values. CDs also exhibited moderate inhibition of protein denaturation compared to the standard. Moreover, they showed significant inhibitory effects against bacterial strains (<em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>) and fungal strains (<em>Aspergillus niger</em>, <em>Candida albicans</em>) at minimal concentrations. Notably, CDs inhibited the growth of periodontal pathogens including <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</em>, <em>Tannerella forsythia</em>, <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>, and <em>Prevotella intermedia</em>. These findings underscore the potential of CDs as multifunctional agents possessing anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Remarkably, they offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics, potentially revolutionizing oral healthcare. Their proven biocompatibility and potent bioactivity underscore their innovative potential in biomedical research. Future studies should further assess their efficacy <em>in vivo</em> to fully harness their clinical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38090,"journal":{"name":"Current Plant Biology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}