Food Webs最新文献

{"title":"A geometric morphometric approach to identify uncomplete snake vertebrae from raptor bird feeding remains","authors":"Ádám Tisza ,&nbsp;Attila Móré ,&nbsp;Zoltán Turny ,&nbsp;Attila Bereczky ,&nbsp;Zoltán Szentesi ,&nbsp;Zoltán Korsós ,&nbsp;Edvárd Mizsei","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hungarian meadow viper (<em>Vipera ursinii rakosiensis</em>) is an endangered subspecies of <em>Vipera ursinii</em>, which faces high predation pressure, partially due to avian species. To create a systematic method for estimating the measure of predation pressure, we developed a geometric morphometric approach to identify both undamaged and damaged vertebrae of snake species found in Hungarian meadow viper habitats from raptor feeding remains. We used linear discriminant analysis with a reference material of vertebrae from identified snake species as training data. We also tested its efficiency by predicting the identification results of different simulation levels based on vertebra completeness. We practiced this method on vertebrae of unknown species of snakes obtained from nests and pellets of short-toed snake eagles (<em>Circaetus gallicus</em>, <em>n</em> = 9), common buzzards (<em>Buteo buteo</em>, <em>n</em> = 14) and Montagu's harriers (<em>Circus pygargus</em>, <em>n</em> = 3). The identification approach showed high accuracy, even in the case of missing landmarks to some extent. We identified vertebrae remnants of <em>Natrix natrix</em> (<em>n</em> = 172, 83.9%), <em>Coronella austriaca</em> (<em>n</em> = 10, 4.9%) and <em>V. u. rakosiensis</em> (<em>n</em> = 23, 11.2%). Both, the reptile specialist <em>C. gallicus</em> and the generalist <em>B. buteo</em> proved to be preying on <em>V. u. rakosiensis</em>, while samples of <em>C. pygargus</em> did not contain any snake remains despite of previous observations of <em>V. ursinii</em> predations. Our approach is applicable for other studies and taxa as well, therefore can be a practical tool for classification of incomplete vertebrae, which is otherwise hardly identifiable. Furthermore, it could be applied to help estimate predation pressure on endangered snake species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article e00334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352249623000630/pdfft?md5=e6d1f6555a433e8834f6260461c0fe3f&pid=1-s2.0-S2352249623000630-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beachside banquet: Ants' appetite for shipwrecked siphonophores","authors":"Colin J. Anthony","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>As the importance of both the high seas and gelatinous zooplankton is continuously revealed, it is important to document basic interactions. </span><em>Physalia</em> are venomous siphonophores, commonly called ‘Man of War’ or ‘Bluebottles’, that use a gas filled float to sail the high seas. Despite being the most conspicuous member of the neustonic ecosystem (the ecosystem at the open ocean's surface), little is known about its life history nor its ecosystem contributions. Herein, two ant species, <span><em>Solenopsis</em></span> cf. <em>geminata</em> and <span><em>Iridomyrmex</em></span> cf. <em>anceps</em>, were observed foraging on beached colonies of <em>Physalia</em> cf. <em>utriculus</em> in Guam, Micronesia<em>.</em> Ants explored fresh colonies with untriggered stinging cells, yet only disassembled and transported partially dry or degraded colonies. Observations like this improve the understanding of cross-ecosystem dynamics between the coastal and neustonic ecosystem, island trophic structures, and the contribution of gelatinous zooplankton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article e00332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138991374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and taxonomic variation in arthropod macronutrient content","authors":"Tanner Senti,&nbsp;Matthew Gifford","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Physiological regulation of internal body composition is critical for the fitness of many organisms. Arthropods are abundant around the world and exhibit incredible diversity, yet little is known about how these groups differ in body composition or the mechanisms behind internal changes in chemistry over time. The goal of this study was to examine the lipid and protein content of several common terrestrial arthropod orders, and to determine if this macronutrient composition changes across the season. Additionally, we describe relationships between arthropod body measurements and lipid, protein, and overall dry mass. Arthropod total length and width strongly correlated with macronutrient masses, while other body measurement relationships varied considerably. As expected, arthropod orders varied significantly in both lipid and protein content. Within-order lipid and protein content also varied significantly across the season. These results demonstrate that the nutritional content of invertebrates may fluctuate over time, likely due to shifts in size, </span>ontogeny, and environmental conditions. Understanding the mechanisms behind these changes will be important for unraveling the evolutionary history of these groups as well as the roles they play in surrounding food web structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article e00328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baboons (Papio spp.) as a potentially underreported source of food loss and kleptoparasitism of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) kills","authors":"Robert S. Davis ,&nbsp;Elizabeth K. Overton ,&nbsp;Franck Prugnolle ,&nbsp;Virginie Rougeron ,&nbsp;Olivia Sievert ,&nbsp;Jan A. Venter","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kleptoparasitism, the theft of food from another individual, is an important interspecific interaction that can have consequences for animal fitness, predation rates, and species' abundance. Similarly, loss of food to fear effects and interspecific interactions can influence energetic costs and consumption rates. Due to their smaller body size and predominantly solitary nature, cheetahs (<em>Acinonyx jubatus</em>) are particularly prone to negative, direct interactions with competing carnivores, and they frequently lose kills to apex predators. However, trophic interactions with other species may have been underreported in the literature. Here, we document anecdotal interactions between cheetah and baboon (<em>Papio</em> spp.) species, across multiple sites in Africa, where baboon troops chased cheetahs off their kills and, in some cases, fed on the remaining carcasses. Given the widespread distribution, and relatively high densities of baboon species across sub-Saharan Africa, we hypothesise that these interactions are likely to be underrepresented in the literature. Since cheetah already experience high levels of competition with apex predators, particularly in South African fenced reserves where competing carnivores are often stocked at densities approaching, or in some cases exceeding, carrying capacity, additional competition and the loss of prey to baboons could further increase predation rates and have implications for reserve management. Baboons are often defensive around large carnivores. As such, interactions with cheetahs are likely to be motivated primarily as a defensive strategy. We encourage further research into food loss, kleptoparasitic behaviour and other competitive interactions between cheetah and <em>Papio</em> species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article e00331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352249623000605/pdfft?md5=138ea25ad0adb0a033c2e5509eb012c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2352249623000605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138987066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food web of lizard species in a land-bridge island from Western Mexico","authors":"Ilse K. Barraza-Soltero ,&nbsp;Fabio G. Cupul-Magaña ,&nbsp;Armando H. Escobedo-Galván","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Island ecosystems provide valuable opportunities to explore some aspects associated with resource partitioning. While some ecological studies have suggested that island populations could keep a narrow dietary niche due to limited food sources, recent studies challenge this long-held belief for insular lizards. Herein, we evaluated the trophic web of the lizard community from María Cleofas Island in the Gulf of California, Western Mexico. We quantified the inter-individual diet variation for each lizard species, compared prey diversity between species, and analyzed any potential variations across different years. Our research revealed a wide variety of arthropods within the stomach contents of the lizards, regardless of their foraging strategy and habitat use. Our results also showed the inclusion of prey items that have not been previously reported in studies focusing on mainland-island populations. For example, we observed <span><em>Anolis</em><em> nebulosus</em></span><span> predating cockroaches<span>, hemipterans, and isopods. We observed differences in prey groups among lizard species, highlighting the broader niche of </span></span><em>Anolis nebulosus, Phyllodactylus cleofasensis,</em> and <em>Aspidoscelis communis,</em> as well as the narrowest trophic niche of <span><em>Ctenosaura</em><em> pectinata.</em></span><span> Our research on the lizard community of María Cleofas Island has not only demonstrated the wide dietary diversity among species but has also expanded our understanding of trophic relationships in island ecosystems, with important implications for ecological studies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article e00330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility to parasitism by the mistletoe Phoradendron quadrangulare (Kunth) Griseb on its host Guazuma ulmifolia Lam may increase with host size","authors":"Luis Y. Santiago-Rosario ,&nbsp;Nicole Espinoza-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Quimey Gómez ,&nbsp;Victoria Martínez de Zorzí ,&nbsp;Ramón A. Ramírez-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Karla Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Host-parasite interactions and host susceptibility are key traits in understanding trophic energy transfer, nutrient movement and general macro-ecoevolutionary dynamics of mistletoe systems and plant-plant interactions. This research investigates host susceptibility and size-dependent interactions of the mistletoe <span><em>Phoradendron</em><em> quadrangulare</em></span>, a widely distributed species, on <span><em>Guazuma ulmifolia</em></span>. We studied the interplay between mistletoe load and host tree size, while also exploring the allometric relationship between host branch size and mistletoe size. A field surveys on 67 trees revealed varying mistletoe loads, with most trees showing no occurrence of <em>P. quadrangulare</em>. Parasitized trees had significantly larger diameters at breast height (DBH) than non-parasitized trees. The susceptibility of host trees to mistletoe parasitism increased with increasing DBH, indicating a positive relationship between host size and mistletoe prevalence. Furthermore, mistletoe stem diameter was found to be influenced by the diameter of the host branch suggesting that larger host trees provide more substrate for larger-sized parasites and surface area for mistletoe colonization, potentially contributing to the parasite's survival and prevalence. This study also highlights the importance of host size in mistletoe presence and performance and provides insights into the broader eco-evolutionary dynamics and conservation strategies needed to conserve mistletoes, an often-underappreciated keystone taxa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article e00327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138501174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frog eat frogs: the relationship among the Neotropical frogs of the genus Leptodactylus and their anuran prey","authors":"Ubiratã Ferreira Souza ,&nbsp;Lucas Rosado Mendonça ,&nbsp;Karoline Ceron ,&nbsp;Afonso Santiago de Oliveira Meneses ,&nbsp;Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura ,&nbsp;Marcos J. Matias Dubeux ,&nbsp;L. Felipe Toledo","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predator-prey interactions are fundamental to understand how energy flows in trophic food webs. Frogs play a central role in Neotropical food webs, as they are prey and predators for many animals, including other frogs. In particular, species of the genus <span><em>Leptodactylus</em></span> have been reported as predators of several frogs, thus being a model to understand the ecological patterns of predator-prey relationships. Therefore, we reviewed the literature for records of anurophagy between 1964 and 2023, assessed the size relationships of these interactions, and the spatiotemporal patterns of these reports. Descriptions of anuran predation by <em>Leptodactylus</em> spp. have increased substantially in recent decades, especially after 2002. We found a positive relationship between prey and predator sizes, despite it we found that smaller <em>Leptodactylus</em> species consumed proportionately larger preys than larger species, while larger species consumed frogs with a greater variation in body size. The species of the genus <em>Leptodactylus</em><span> preyed more on leptodactylid frogs, probably due to their similar habitat use. Records have also included frogs from other families and even cannibalistic events have been reported. Most published articles describing these interactions lack information such as predator and prey sizes, accurate species identification, anuran developmental stage, antipredator strategies, and microhabitat information. Consequently, we suggest that future reports and studies must include this complementary information that will improve our overall understanding of anuran predator-prey relationships.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article e00326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138423636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Footprints of predatory lady beetles stimulate increased dispersal of aphid prey, but do not alter feeding behavior or spread of a non-persistently transmitted plant virus","authors":"Rachel H. Norris ,&nbsp;Christian S.A. Silva-Torres ,&nbsp;Miguel Lujan ,&nbsp;Erin E. Wilson-Rankin ,&nbsp;Kerry E. Mauck","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predators impact prey directly, through consumption, and indirectly, through non-consumptive effects that modify prey physiology and behavior in ways that affect survival and reproduction. Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) are well documented across prey taxa in response to different predator cues. However, for most prey species, both the mechanisms underlying NCEs and the impacts of NCEs on broader ecological processes are poorly understood. We addressed these knowledge gaps for an aphid prey species (<em>Myzus persicae</em>) by studying dispersal, in-leaf feeding behavior, and plant virus transmission in response to chemical cues deposited by a walking predator (<em>Hippodamia convergens</em>), a non-predator, non-competitor (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>), and an artificial feeding deterrent (2% mineral oil). We used this approach to better understand the specificity of <em>M. persicae</em> responses to chemical footprints of threatening and non-threatening organisms, as well as the magnitude of behavioral responses relative to a known deterrent. We found that chemical footprints deposited by <em>H. convergens</em> stimulated <em>M. persicae</em> to disperse from a suitable host (<em>Brassica napus</em>) at a rate equivalent to the 2% mineral oil positive control, while footprints of <em>D. melanogaster</em> did not modify <em>M. persicae</em> dispersal. Through electrical penetration graphing (EPG) recordings, we found that mineral oil stimulated aphids to make more probes, but footprint treatments did not significantly modify feeding behavior. In mesocosm-based virus transmission assays, <em>H. convergens</em> footprints and 2% mineral oil also stimulated increased dispersal, but this did not translate into increased transmission of turnip mosaic virus. We identified components of <em>H. convergens</em> and <em>D. melanogaster</em> footprints using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and found that <em>H. convergens</em> footprints are chemically similar to footprints of related Coccinellidae, but distinct from <em>D. melanogaster</em> footprints. Our results provide evidence of specificity in <em>M. persicae</em> responses to predator footprints, which may help this prey species avoid costly dispersal behavior in response to cues from non-predators. We also provide ecological context by demonstrating that increased dispersal in response to predator cues does not always lead to increased virus transmission, as previously assumed, particularly when in-leaf feeding behaviors underlying virus acquisition do not change in response to predator cues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article e00325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235224962300054X/pdfft?md5=f4034ce03df7e202830b0bd0fc21956d&pid=1-s2.0-S235224962300054X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92024589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for interspecific modulation of carcass consumption among facultative scavengers in Asian temperate forest","authors":"Akino Inagaki ,&nbsp;Maximilian L. Allen ,&nbsp;Kahoko Tochigi ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Maruyama ,&nbsp;Shinsuke Koike","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interspecific interactions are one of the key drivers that can determine community structure through the complex energy dynamics in food webs. Top-down regulation by large mammals on other species is well documented, but is still limited to a few species in scavenging communities that compete for limited and ephemeral animal carcasses. In this study, we examined the effects of large scavengers (Asian black bear, <span><em>Ursus thibetanus</em></span><span> and wild boar, </span><span><em>Sus scrofa</em></span><span>) and seasons (summer and autumn) on carrion consumption. Specifically, we analyzed how large scavenger and season affected the visitation and duration of feeding on carcasses by other omnivorous scavengers (both each other and smaller mesocarnivores) in a temperate forest ecosystem in Japan. We found that bears and wild boars appear to have a competitive relationship by limiting each other's visitation to the carcasses. We also found that these large scavengers had limiting effects on the carrion consumption by mesocarnivores, suggesting that large scavengers not only reduce the available carrion largely but also create a landscape of fear for mesocarnivores. In addition, we found that the potential probability of visitation for large scavengers was associated with season. This suggests that top-down regulation from large scavengers to mesocarnivores may change with season, especially in omnivorous communities in temperate regions with varying seasonal abundance of different food sources. These complex interspecific interactions between scavengers among different seasons can contribute to maintaining and structuring the food web in this system.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article e00324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49863115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural but not functional resistance of frugivore-plant interaction networks to the defaunation process","authors":"Juan Fernando Acevedo-Quintero ,&nbsp;Joan Gastón Zamora-Abrego ,&nbsp;Néstor Javier Mancera-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2023.e00322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Defaunation is the process of sequential loss of larger animal species caused by anthropogenic activities such as </span>deforestation<span><span><span> and hunting. This phenomenon has potential to disrupt the ecosystem stability, as well as their functional performance through the disruption of trophic interactions. We evaluated the effect of defaunation on structure and function in frugivore-plant interaction networks. We characterized interaction networks in two areas in northern Colombia and used a simulation model of species extinction in three different scenarios. The first scenario eliminated species based on body size, measured by body mass, according to the progressive effect of non-random species loss (defaunation); the second scenario eliminated species according to their contribution to network structure (CNS); and finally, the third scenario eliminated species according to their seed dispersal potential (SDP). Based on these simulations we evaluated the effect of species loss on the structural patterns (nestedness and modularity) and the functional diversity of the </span>frugivore community, through the indexes of functional richness (FRic) and functional evenness (FEve). The loss of species with larger body sizes increased </span>nestedness and did not affect modularity, whereas in the CNS scenario both patterns were affected. The FRic index decreased in the first stages of extinction by defaunation and by SDP, while the FEve index did not suffer significant variations in any scenario. The combination of interaction network analysis with functional diversity indices allows direct quantification of the robustness of network structural patterns and the vulnerability of the functional capacity of frugivore communities in the face of defaunation.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article e00322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49863114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}