Food Webs最新文献

{"title":"Between mosquitoes and stoneflies: Observation of Plecoptera nymphs preying on chironomid larvae (Diptera)","authors":"T. Ramos ,&nbsp;E.S. De Lima ,&nbsp;K. Dias-Silva ,&nbsp;L. Juen","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plecoptera is an order of aquatic insects, the immature stage of which inhabits preserved, fast-flowing, well oxygenated streams and is a predator that feeds on many aquatic groups. Prey preference is determined by the active choice of the predator or by the vulnerability of the prey and the balance of energy spent searching for and manipulating the prey. Analysis and observation of predator-prey events provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing this interaction. The stream in which predation was observed is located in the forest region of the Cajari River RESEX (Amapá, Brazil). The specimens were collected using a rapiché (D-net) in September 2023. The event observed was the predation of a Chironomidae larva by a nymph of Macrogynoplax Enderlein (Perlidae, Plecoptera), in a preserved stream. The action of these predators contributes to controlling the abundance of Chironomidae larvae. This observation proves the quality of the ecosystem and its effectiveness in maintaining sensitive individuals, such as Plecoptera, as well as tolerant ones, such as the majority of Chironomidae, to the point of allowing their usual behavioral patterns to unfold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding the enemy while searching for dinner: Understanding the temporal niche of the threatened clouded tiger-cat in protected cloud forests of the Middle Cauca, Colombia","authors":"Juan Camilo Cepeda-Duque ,&nbsp;Eduven Arango-Correa ,&nbsp;Valentina López-Velasco ,&nbsp;Alex López-Barrera ,&nbsp;Andrés Link ,&nbsp;Diego J. Lizcano ,&nbsp;Luis Mazariegos ,&nbsp;Uriel Rendon-Jaramillo ,&nbsp;Tadeu G. de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small carnivore activity is usually constrained by multiple factors, including moonlight, rainfall seasonality, intraguild relationships, and availability of prey. This study aimed to analyze the effects of such factors on the activity of clouded tiger-cats (<em>Leopardus pardinoides</em>). Data (time-stamp detections) were collected via 58 camera traps in three protected cloud forests of the Middle Cauca, Colombia. Differences in activity among seasons and species were tested using Watson-two-tests. The temporal overlap between clouded tiger-cats and their intraguild predators/competitors and prey was estimated using kernel density functions. All species were seasonally invariant in their activities. Clouded tiger-cats were mainly nocturnal and lunarphobic. There was high temporal overlap (80 %) between the daily activity of clouded tiger-cats and small mammals, which increased during the nocturnal activity (92 %). Contrastingly, low temporal overlap was found between clouded tiger-cats and tayras (19 %), weasels (19 %), and dogs (20 %). Ocelots were cathemeral and showed a moderate temporal overlap (65 %) with the daily activity of clouded tiger-cats. However, temporal overlap between the nocturnal activity of both felids was found to be higher (81 %). Nocturnal behavior in clouded tiger-cats can favor prey encounters during darker nights while avoiding diurnal predators/competitors. The evidence of diurnal activity in domestic dogs could be indicative of a free-roaming population that rely on human subsides in the surroundings of protected areas, suggesting the need for management actions. Competitive pressures exerted by ocelots on clouded tiger-cats may be alleviated through the differential use of space, or by the apparent rarity of the former in highland cloud forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Littoral resources, food chain length and top predator size - Are these connected with lake size?","authors":"Paula Kankaala ,&nbsp;Kimmo K. Kahilainen ,&nbsp;Mikko Olin ,&nbsp;Antti J. Rissanen","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The size of a lake ecosystem sets many direct and indirect physical limits for habitats available for different food web compartments as well as the taxa inhabiting these. We tested the hypotheses that 1) reliance of fish on littoral resources increase in lakes with shoreline development, and 2) food chain length and 3) top predator size increase with lake size. We analyzed food web trophic structure, based on stable isotope analyses (SIA) of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N), in six boreal lakes in southern and eastern Finland (area 0.13–567 km²). We also applied data from gillnet monitoring of two common predatory fish, perch (<em>Perca fluviatilis</em>) and pike (<em>Esox lucius</em>), in &gt;100 lakes as well as data from national large pike (weight &gt; 10 kg) competition. Our results based on SIA did not support the first two hypotheses. Mixing-model results indicated great contribution of littoral resources for many fish, however, showing considerable within-taxa variation for some species. Fish reliance on littoral resources was not directly related to lake shoreline development. The lakes had four trophic levels and large predators coupled both littoral and pelagic habitats. The very rare freshwater pinniped, Saimaa ringed seal (<em>Pusa hispida saimensis</em>), shared the same trophic position with piscivorous fish. However, we found some support for the third hypothesis. The maximum size of perch was positively correlated with lake size, and the majority (88 %) of very large pikes (&gt;10 kg) were caught from lakes with the area &gt; 1 km², indicating habitat size importance for large predators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do marine food subsidies predict large scale distribution of scavenging seabirds within the Bay of Biscay?","authors":"M. Huon ,&nbsp;G. Dorémus ,&nbsp;M. Authier ,&nbsp;J. Spitz","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Omnivorous and opportunistic species have the potential to exploit human food subsidies. In marine ecosystem, understanding interaction between seabirds and fishery activities, particularly their scavenging behaviour on discards is crucial nowadays, in the context of EU landing obligation. The Bay of Biscay is one of the major fishing zones in Europe and a central area for the wintering of a high number of seabird species. During spring and autumn, oceanographic surveys were conducted by the R/V Thalassa with the aim to evaluate fishing resources along transects over the continental shelf, thereby providing an opportunity to study the distribution and scavenging behaviour of seabirds in this area. We investigated the influence of fishery activities (i.e. distribution of professional fishing vessels, quantity of discards) at large scale, and oceanographic conditions on the distribution of scavenging seabirds along the continental shelf. On average, large gulls (Larus spp) and northern gannets accounted for 70 % of the seabirds scavenging on discards. We compared model predictions using oceanographic variables with those using both oceanographic variables and fishery activities, in separate for spring and autumn and group of seabirds (i.e. large gulls and northern gannets). Results suggested that the distribution of scavenging seabirds was better predicted by oceanographic variables than by fishery activities. The predicted numbers of scavenging seabirds were higher in autumn than in spring, probably due to the annual cycle of seabirds (i.e. breeding versus wintering). At large scale, oceanographic variables were better predictors of suitable habitat. However, a closer evaluation of prediction differences between the two models highlighted high anomaly values for large gulls in autumn along the coast, that may indicate over predictions. These results have provided new knowledge on the ecology of scavenging seabirds, in an area with high fishery activity, especially in the context of landing obligation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of mucilage and low omega-3 fatty acid contents in phytoplankton impair the quality of phytoplankton diet for zooplankton","authors":"Satoshi Ichise ,&nbsp;Megumu Fujibayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoplankton are a crucial basal dietary source for consumers in lake ecosystems. The dietary quality of phytoplankton for zooplankton has been investigated in terms of molecules (e.g., fatty acids) and stoichiometry. However, little is known on the effects of algal mucilage on the dietary quality of phytoplankton. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mucilage and fatty acid contents in phytoplankton on dietary quality. Zooplankton (<em>Daphnia pulicaria</em>) were reared with a single species of phytoplankton as the diet. Eighteen phytoplankton types were used. Algal dietary quality was evaluated based on the growth, reproduction, and survival rates of <em>D. pulicaria</em> for each dietary algal species during the feeding experiments. The results demonstrated that the dietary quality of phytoplankton with mucilage decreased significantly among the green algae. Green algae without mucilage had high omega-3 fatty acid contents, which increased its dietary quality. The quality of cyanobacteria diet was low for <em>D. pulicaria</em> regardless of the absence or presence of mucilage and fatty acid contents. The results show that the presence of mucilage may have reduced ingestion and digestion by zooplankton and indicate that this algal succession will have a negative impact on lake ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predator-prey reversal between a venomous snake, Bitis caudalis, and an insectivorous skink, Trachylepis margaritifera","authors":"Andrew Hart ,&nbsp;Francois Theart ,&nbsp;Philipp Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predator–prey relationships are a central element of ecological community dynamics. The classification of a species as either predator or prey may change, especially when considering all life stages. Skinks account for about a quarter of the world's lizard species, but knowledge about the ecology of many species remains limited. Due to their species richness and abundance, they occupy a major role in trophic networks as prey and predators, feeding primarily on invertebrates. In this report we document an unusual case of predation by an adult skink <em>Trachylepis margaritifera</em> on a juvenile viperid snake <em>Bitis caudalis</em> in South Africa. Our observation raises the question of whether the prey spectrum and role of <em>Trachylepis</em> species in food webs may have been underestimated and which factors influence foraging behaviour and prey choice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gammarus aequicauda (Amphipoda) and two different prey species: Is the ability of a predator to learn important?","authors":"Nickolai Shadrin,&nbsp;Vladimir Yakovenko,&nbsp;Elena Anufriieva","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual experience contributes to total functional biodiversity in every aquatic ecosystem. However, the learning ability and individual memory of crustaceans are issues that remain poorly understood. The influence of individual experiences on the feeding behavior of the predator <em>Gammarus aequicauda</em> (Amphipoda) was studied experimentally. The predator was acclimated and allowed to feed on one of the alternative prey – chironomid larvae <em>Baeotendipes noctivagus</em> or anostracan parthenogenetic <em>Artemia</em> in studies from 3 to ten days. They were then placed in a vessel with both species of prey. We then measured the time spent on the main stages of the feeding process: searching for food before capturing prey, prey handling time, and subsequent digestion. If experiments were conducted in the presence of both prey species, the feeding behavior characteristics (searching and handling time) of <em>G. aequicauda</em>, which had previously fed on chironomid larvae, differed significantly from those of <em>Gammarus,</em> which had previously fed on <em>Artemia</em>. Acclimation of <em>G. aequicauda</em> to feed on chironomid larvae can significantly reduce the time spent on searching, capturing, and handling of chironomids. Acclimation of <em>G. aequicauda</em> to feed on <em>Artemia</em> led to smaller changes in time spent on capturing, and handling of <em>Artemia</em>. The effects of experience on foraging efficiency increased in both variants of acclimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating the prey menu of the ophiophagous snake Erythrolamprus aesculapii (Linnaeus, 1758) with two heterospecific snakes from the Amazon and Atlantic Forest","authors":"Rubia Rempalski ,&nbsp;Thairis T. Pimentel ,&nbsp;Andressa H. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Tomas de L. Rocha ,&nbsp;Diego H. Santiago ,&nbsp;Bruno B. Loureiro ,&nbsp;Fabrício H. Oda ,&nbsp;Thiago Silva-Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Aesculapian false coral snake, <em>Erythrolamprus aesculapii</em>, is reported here preying on two heterospecific snake species. An individual of <em>E. aesculapii</em> was observed preying an adult <em>Atractus</em> cf. <em>major</em> in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas, Brazil, and another on an adult <em>Tropidodryas striaceps</em> in the municipality of Divino de São Lourenço, state of Espírito Santo, also in Brazil. Both observations detail the predatory behavior of <em>E. aesculapii</em>, from chasing to immobilizing and ingesting the prey snakes. These findings expand knowledge of the predatory interactions of <em>E. aesculapii</em>, including the addition of two new prey species, reinforcing the ophiophagous nature of its feeding behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial variations of soil nematode assemblages across distinct forest ecosystems","authors":"Shahid Afzal,&nbsp;Wasim Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bottom-up effects of vegetation are widely recognized as important factors influencing the structure and functioning of soil food webs in forests. However, the influence of forest type on the composition and stability of soil nematode communities remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the abundance, composition, diversity, and various aspects of soil nematode communities across three distinct forest types - Sub-tropical Pine Forests (STPF), Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests (HMTF), and Himalayan Dry Temperate Forests (HDTF) - during two seasons (summer and autumn). In both summer and autumn, total nematode abundance and the abundance of bacterivores were significantly higher in STPF compared to the other two forest types. Taxonomic diversity, as indicated by the Simpson index, was also greater in STPF during both seasons. The higher maturity index and sigma maturity index values observed in STPF suggest a more stable nematode community in the summer season. The soil nematode faunal profile indicated an enriched and structured food web in STPF across both seasons. Additionally, the metabolic footprint of the entire nematode community was considerably higher in STPF during the summer. Overall, soil nematode communities were most stable in STPF and least stable in HDTF. Our findings suggest that the Sub-tropical Pine Forests in the Pir-Panjal mountain range, across two contrasting seasons, support a higher level of soil food web structure and more complex soil biological communities than the other forest types. This study provides a foundation for understanding soil food web structure, function, and seasonal stability, which has important implications for sustainable forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic cascades and climate change","authors":"William J. Ripple ,&nbsp;Danielle N. Whalen ,&nbsp;Christopher Wolf ,&nbsp;Yuanchun Cao ,&nbsp;Jessica Schulte ,&nbsp;Sarah Swann ,&nbsp;Samuel T. Woodrich ,&nbsp;Thomas Newsome ,&nbsp;Rhys Cairncross ,&nbsp;Aaron J. Wirsing","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread loss of top predators and anthropogenic climate change are two major environmental crises with pervasive impacts on ecosystems. Climate-related factors such as temperature changes, altered precipitation patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and shifting wildfire regimes can influence trophic cascades by affecting the composition, physiology, and behavior of species within an ecosystem. These changes can disrupt food web dynamics, leading to shifts in predator-prey relationships, altered species interactions, and potentially unexpected ecological outcomes. With these potential disruptions in mind, we analyzed climate risks to 360 extant large carnivore species. Our results show that 47 of these species are threatened by climate change. We then considered how trophic cascades and climate change are linked, describing mechanisms through which harnessing trophic cascades can facilitate efforts to improve climate resilience and, conversely, how climate change can trigger or affect the strength and direction of trophic cascades. As major drivers of global change, more efforts are needed by people and governments to address climate change and trophic downgrading together, with a focus on co-benefits, including improved ecosystem function and carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}