Food Webs最新文献

{"title":"Dietary partitioning of fishers and martens in a rapidly changing landscape","authors":"G. Bradley Smith ,&nbsp;Jody M. Tucker ,&nbsp;Mourad Gabriel ,&nbsp;Greta Wengert ,&nbsp;Jonathan N. Pauli","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Niche partitioning is critical for the stable coexistence of competing species that share limited resources. Yet, niches are dynamic, especially in the face of rapid environmental change. Carnivores exhibit particularly strong forms of competition and are differentially affected by change. Fishers (<em>Pekania pennanti</em>) and martens (<em>Martes caurina</em>) are two species of carnivores that overlap in space, time, and resources. In the Sierra Nevada of California, these two species share habitats that are undergoing a sudden restructuring due to drought and the subsequent mortality of more than half of all trees. Using a long-term dataset from across the affected region of the Sierra Nevada, we quantified the diet, as well as dietary niche overlap and niche shift of fishers and martens during summer months before, during, and after these disturbances and as a function of spatial overlap. The summer diet of fishers and martens did not appear to be affected by change in live forest canopy and tree mortality. While fisher diet was unaffected by elevation, martens exhibited an increasing reliance on vertebrate prey at higher elevations. Our results suggest that during summer months the diet of fishers is highly diverse, even including fungi and insects, but the diet of martens is less diverse and more reliant on vertebrate prey. These different consumption patterns — which were largely unaffected by changing environmental conditions, except elevation — have led to unexpectedly low overlap in trophic niche space during the timeframe measured. Our findings demonstrate that the coexistence of martens and fishers regionally is likely facilitated, in part, through partitioning along the trophic niche axis. If drought conditions persist and lead to continued or increasingly reduced snowpack and altered vegetation, future research should assess how niche partitioning of fishers, martens, and other members of the broader carnivore community will endure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endemic and elusive trophic interactions: The first comprehensive description of the diet of short-eared dogs (Atelocynus microtis) in Amazon rainforests","authors":"Patrick S. Champagne ,&nbsp;Hernani F.M. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Carter J. Payne ,&nbsp;Renata Leite Pitman","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The short-eared dog (<em>Atelocynus microtis</em>) is the only endemic Amazonian canid species, which is also elusive and rarely recorded across its distribution, making it one of the least known canid species in the world. Even though it is considered to be a carnivore species, it has been reported to consume other food items, such as fruits. However, no comprehensive analysis of its diet is currently available in the literature. Here we report the first comprehensive analysis of the diet of wild and re-introduced individuals of <em>A. microtis</em> in the western Amazon (southeastern Peru). Its diet includes at least 34 distinct food items, including arthropods, vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals), fruits, and seeds. Our study confirms the potential of <em>A. microtis</em> to be considered omnivorous, as well as expands the known range of food items in its diet. As a mesocarnivore with an omnivorous diet, <em>A. microtis</em> has important potential implications for forest dynamics, such as seed dispersal and regulating prey populations, which should be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predation of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis (Hymenoptera:Vespidae) by the water scorpion Ranatra obscura (Hemiptera:Nepidae)","authors":"Eduarda Silva de Lima ,&nbsp;Karina Dias-Silva ,&nbsp;Leandro Juen","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Ranatra</em> (Nepomorpha) is a formidable predator with significant importance in trophic webs, playing a crucial role in regulating aquatic and semi-aquatic communities through population control. However, studies on the diet of <em>Ranatra</em> species remain scarce, particularly in poorly understood Amazonian regions such as Marajó Island. This lack of data hampers our understanding of species behavior and the development of targeted conservation actions needed to maintain the ecological balance of complex networks, especially in areas under anthropogenic threat. Our study was conducted in the municipality of Salvaterra, within the Marajó Island archipelago, where we observed predation of the predatory species <em>Polybia occidentalis</em> (Olivier, 1791) by <em>Ranatra obscura</em> Montandon, 1907. We captured the insects using a sieve in the water column of a stream, which had been previously divided into three 50-m sections. Subsequently, we monitored <em>Ranatra</em>'s behavior during the predation event, revealing its predatory aggressiveness and hunting ability—traits often underestimated due to its piercing-sucking mouthparts. This new record enhances our understanding of the diet and natural history of Nepomorpha and <em>Ranatra</em>, and highlights the importance of allochthonous material for predator species, revealing their role in terrestrial and semi-aquatic ecological networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary analysis using prey-DNA metabarcoding from fecal samples of the generalist arthropod predator, Eremias argus","authors":"Jaejin Park ,&nbsp;Il-Kook Park ,&nbsp;Jongsun Kim,&nbsp;Daesik Park","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species-specific dietary information contributes to the conservation of biodiversity and an understanding of the trophic structure of habitats. To investigate the diet of the Mongolian racerunner (<em>Eremias argus</em>), classified as an endangered species in the Republic of Korea, we analyzed its fecal samples using metabarcoding with the arthropod mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I (<em>COI</em>) universal primer. In our study, 53 prey taxa were detected in 41 genera, 26 families, 8 orders, and 2 classes (Insecta and Arachnida), and 30 (56.6 %) were identified at the species level. Lepidoptera were the most abundant prey source, accounting for 57.4 % of the total identified prey taxa, followed by Coleoptera (11.3 %), Orthoptera (7.5 %), and Araneae (7.5 %). Compared to previous studies, our approaches were more efficient in detecting various and specific prey types of <em>E. argus</em>, known as a generalist predator. We also discussed the shortcomings of metabarcoding dietary analysis in brief. Overall, our results show that the fecal DNA metabarcoding approach is appropriate for studying the diet of <em>E. argus, an</em> arthropod generalist, and that our results may contribute to the conservation of this endangered species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142311322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future impacts of reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise on forage fish and their predators in Apalachicola Bay, Florida","authors":"Kira L. Allen ,&nbsp;Kristy A. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estuarine ecosystems often support large populations of forage fish, but these small-medium sized fish and the predators they feed may be affected by multiple climate change and human-induced stressors. In the Apalachicola Bay estuary, Florida, USA, reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise are two prevalent stressors, and little is known about how these environmental changes might impact the forage fish species who inhabit the estuary. This study uses a food web model for Apalachicola Bay to simulate the impacts of future changes in water temperature and salinity on forage fish and predator species who inhabit the estuary. Water temperature and salinity conditions were based on previously developed simulations of reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise in Apalachicola Bay from 2020 to 2049. These simulated environmental changes were applied as forcing functions in the food web model to drive shifts in species biomasses over time. This study centered on changes in biomass for two highly abundant forage fish species, juvenile silver perch (<em>Bairdiella chrysoura</em>) and juvenile pinfish (<em>Lagodon rhomboides</em>), as well as their major predators, spotted seatrout (<em>Cynoscion nebulosus</em>) and inshore lizardfish (<em>Synodus foetens</em>). These changes were assessed at both 10- and 30-year time intervals relative to 2019, along with an examination of forage fish consumption by their predators. Juvenile silver perch biomass increased across all scenarios and time scales, while juvenile pinfish biomass decreased. Consumption of juvenile silver perch by spotted seatrout increased across all scenarios and time scales, and consumption of juvenile pinfish by inshore lizardfish decreased, in concordance with the trends in prey biomass. Both spotted seatrout and inshore lizardfish biomasses decreased across future scenarios, though the high biomass of juvenile silver perch may have played a role in stabilizing the decline of spotted seatrout. Changes in forage fish biomasses and their impacts on predator species as a result of reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise have implications for ecosystem productivity and the fisheries of the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialization in Ciidae-host fungi communities in two Atlantic forest remnants of Southeast Brazil","authors":"Ayessa Rosa-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Cristiano Lopes-Andrade","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycophagy, the practice of feeding on fungal structures or plant material decomposed by fungal enzymes, is one of the oldest feeding habits of beetles. A notable family of beetles with a strict association with fungi throughout their life cycle is Ciidae. Members of this family use fungi as shelter, food, and sites for copulation and oviposition, making them true mycetobionts. The fungi associated with ciids belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and play a crucial role in nutrient cycling by degrading wood and decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Ciids contribute significantly to the degradation of these basidiomes, thereby preventing their accumulation and enhancing nutrient availability in forest ecosystems. Although interactions between Ciidae beetles and their host fungi have been relatively well-studied, research on these interactions in the neotropics remains scarce. In this study, we investigated the interactions between ciids and their host fungi in two forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest biome. Using ecological network analysis, we assessed the frequency of occurrence of ciid species and calculated key indices for describing community structure: connectance, web asymmetry, links per species, nestedness, robustness, and specialization. This allowed us to compare the structural patterns of the two Ciidae-fungi networks. Our results revealed that the main host fungal species were the same in both communities, but differences in host usage by ciids were observed, reflecting the availability of fungal basidiomes. These differences led to distinct network structures. Most Ciidae species were found to be generalists, exploiting host fungi according to their availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prey-carrying behavior of Lycalopex foxes in Chilean Patagonia","authors":"Javier A. Simonetti ,&nbsp;Ana Paola Yusti-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Matías N. González-Herrera ,&nbsp;Ignacio Delgado Salinas ,&nbsp;Darío Moreira-Arce","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines prey-carrying behavior in culpeo (<em>Lycalopex culpaeus</em>) and chilla (<em>L. griseus</em>) foxes within Chilean Patagonia's sheep farming lands. We used camera traps to register prey transportation. This behavior was more frequent during the reproductive season compared to the non-reproductive season, suggesting an association with pup-rearing activities. The presence of livestock guardian dogs and other predation control measures may also influence prey-carrying behavior, particularly in L. <em>culpaeus,</em> as foxes might adjust their activities in response to perceived risks. This research provides initial evidence of prey transport in these fox species and highlights the need for further study to understand its ecological implications and interactions with livestock management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joining to the web. Predation of Heterophrynus sp. (Amblypygi: Phrynidae) on a catfish Astroblepus sp. (Siluriformes: Astroblepidae), in a premontane river of the northern Andes of Colombia","authors":"Julián A. Rojas-Morales ,&nbsp;Jose J. Henao-Osorio ,&nbsp;Didier Álvarez López ,&nbsp;Néstor Sánchez-Guillén","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riparian food webs are linked by cross-boundary resource fluxes, including the consumption of terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates by fish and the consumption of aquatic vertebrates by terrestrial invertebrates, mostly arachnids. Amblypygids prey upon a wide array of vertebrates, but no records on fishes are known. Here we report an interesting predation event of an adult <em>Heterophrynus</em> sp., upon a catfish <em>Astroblepus</em> sp. in the Rio Manso, northern Andes of Colombia, and summarized the published information of trophic interactions of this river in a food web framework. A high prey-size ratio (0.87) respect to <em>Heterophrynus</em> sp., highlight that fishes could represent an important food item for amblypygids. This datum, besides other published before, indicates that the consumption of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates by terrestrial invertebrates can be a substantial cross-boundary flux link in tropical montane streams deserving future ecological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-derived food shrinks home ranges and alters resource selection of mammals at the urban-wild interface","authors":"Kelly A. Crandall ,&nbsp;Brent S. Pease ,&nbsp;Jeremy Dixon ,&nbsp;Michael V. Cove","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protected lands are an important source of food, shelter, and reproductive opportunities for wildlife, especially in urban landscapes. When urban development abuts the edges of undisturbed ecosystems, synanthropic species can alter their foraging behaviors and movement to utilize human-supplemented resources throughout the urban-wild interface. Therefore, urban development on the edges of protected lands can have pronounced effects on animal movement and ecosystem functions. Iconic urban adaptive mesopredators such as northern raccoons (<em>Procyon lotor</em>) and Virginia opossums (<em>Didelphis virginiana</em>) often benefit from human-supplemented food sources such as unsecured garbage, pet food, and fresh water when available. To investigate how urban edges affect the movements of urban-adapted omnivores within conservation lands, we estimated home ranges and third-order resource selection of 27 raccoons and 12 opossums with GPS collars throughout the protected areas of northern Key Largo, FL, USA between April 2022–October 2023. The proportion of urban development in an individual's home range was the most influential factor associated with home range size, followed by species and sex. Individuals with greater proportions of residential neighborhoods and commercial areas in their home ranges exhibited smaller home ranges. Third-order resource selection functions identified both mesopredator species using residential and commercial land use areas more than they were available on the landscape. These results indicate that urban areas attract urban-adapted mesopredators from protected areas and result in smaller home ranges in the face of abundant human-derived food. Reduced home ranges on edges can support higher densities of animals, which may increase rates of disease transmission, especially when the urban borders support populations of feral domestic species. Shifting foraging behaviors from the protected areas to urban edges could have cascading downward effects if seed-dispersing roles are diluted. As urbanization increases and the distance between wild lands and human disturbance decreases, it is increasingly important to study the mechanisms of how urban development on the edges of protected areas affect the movement of wildlife.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prey availability and diet composition of the Grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola) during migration on the South-Western Black Sea coast, Bulgaria","authors":"Liliana V. Vassileva ,&nbsp;Lyudmila Lozanova ,&nbsp;Martin P. Marinov ,&nbsp;Jérôme Morinière ,&nbsp;Boyko Neov ,&nbsp;Boris P. Nikolov ,&nbsp;Nikolay Simov ,&nbsp;Stefania Klayn","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migratory waders use stopover sites to refuel for the next stages of their migration, relying on seasonally abundant prey. Migration success depends on food quality and availability at these key sites. We studied the diet composition and preferences of the Grey Plover (<em>Pluvialis squatarola</em>) at its migration stopover at Pomorie Lake on the South-Western Black Sea coast, Bulgaria through DNA metabarcoding of faeces collected in autumn 2020 and spring 2021. Prey availability samples were also collected from the surf zone and the supralittoral sandy shore habitats in the study area.</div><div>Grey Plover had a broad diet spectrum, with 332 prey taxa in total identified by metabarcoding. Both terrestrial and marine taxa were found, suggesting that the birds use multiple coastal habitats for foraging. Terrestrial arthropods, particularly insects, predominated in the Grey Plover diet; mytilid bivalves were the most represented marine taxon. The birds had a generalist feeding strategy, with diverse prey items eaten in small quantities. Most Grey Plovers fed on insects (Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera), but some individuals showed specialisation for other taxa (mussels, spiders, polychaetes). The most abundant potential prey in the environment were not the most frequently consumed, but it is possible the prey sampling failed to capture the whole spectrum of available prey due to methodological limitations.</div><div>We found no significant seasonal variation in Grey Plover diet composition, but the proportions of some prey taxa in the diet changed slightly, probably reflecting seasonal differences in their abundance and activity in coastal habitats.</div><div>Our results contribute to the knowledge of Grey Plover diet, prey choice and habitat use in a little-studied region, and could help design effective conservation measures to preserve habitat quality at stopover sites for this wader and others with similar ecology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}