Food Webs最新文献

{"title":"Can omnivory explain variation in size-density relationships? The case of Leptonema in a neotropical stream","authors":"Vinicius A. Robert ,&nbsp;José L.S. Mello ,&nbsp;Erika M. Shimabukuro ,&nbsp;Victor S. Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community size structure potentially depicts the constant amount of small abundant organisms sustaining larger, rarer ones. Strong size structuring is expected under a constant predator-prey mass ratio yet omnivory, as defined by organisms feeding at multiple trophic levels, can disrupt this pattern. Here, we investigated the size structure of macroinvertebrate communities in two tropical streams before and after a heavy rain event. We found that one taxon, <em>Leptonema</em> (a net-spinning caddisfly), was overabundant at all sites, strongly deviating from the allometric expectation given their body size. By analyzing their gut-content, we found evidence of true omnivory with inclusion of animal prey with increasing body size. As omnivory is a key factor in ecosystem stability, the presence of overabundant species could be an important element to consider when implementing conservation and restoration policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unknown scavenging habits of an elusive tropical Andean mammal","authors":"Tatiana Pessano-Serrat ,&nbsp;Esther Sebastián-González ,&nbsp;Marek Castel-Tapia ,&nbsp;Diego Quiñones-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Adrian Orihuela-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a significant gap in knowledge regarding the basic ecology of many mammal species that inhabit the Neotropical region. The mountain paca (<em>Cuniculus taczanowskii</em>) is an elusive Neotropical rodent, catalogued as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN and whose ecology is largely unknow. To better understand its dietary ecology, we first conducted a literature review on its diet, determining it as primarily herbivorous-frugivorous. However, through a field experiment using photo-trapping in the Madrigal del Podocarpus Reserve (southern Ecuador) to identify the vertebrate scavenger assemblage, we documented for the first time, an unexpected behaviour of this species consuming a significant amount of carrion. This unexpected finding challenges previous assumptions about the mountain paca's diet and raises important questions about its ecological role and the importance of carrion in ecosystems. Our study underscores the need to further explore carrion ecology and its significance in the understudied and biodiverse tropical Andes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Not armoured enough: The black-and-white tegu Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) as a predator of armadillos (Cingulata)","authors":"Augusto N. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Bruno L. de S. Bambirra ,&nbsp;Leonardo B. Passalacqua ,&nbsp;Filipe C. Serrano","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reporting predation events is crucial to understand how species behaviour and predator-prey interactions shape food webs. However, data is still lacking for most neotropical fauna, especially reptiles. <em>Salvator merianae</em> is a widespread lizard species, which is often found in human-altered habitats and has been introduced in multiple locations. This Neotropical lizard is omnivorous and acts as a necrophagous, seed disperser and predator of small-sized animals. However, in spite of extensive data on its generalist diet, detailed predation records over medium-sized vertebrates (between 1 and 40 kg) are scarce. Here we report the first records of <em>S. merianae</em> predation on three distinct armadillo species, all of which occurred in human-altered habitats in Brazil and Argentina. Our records contribute to a better understanding of trophic interactions in modified landscapes and how large reptiles, such as <em>S. merianae,</em> may play an important role in food webs in the absence of larger predators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrestrial generalist predators have larger isotopic niches but rely less on aquatic prey at a natural compared to a post-mining lakeshore","authors":"Lanya Feng,&nbsp;Fredrik Arvidsson,&nbsp;El Aziz Djoudi,&nbsp;Klaus Birkhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flooded pits from former opencast mining (post-mining lakes) are young aquatic ecosystems often with low primary productivity due to the high acidity. The limited availability of nutrients and simplified aquatic food webs in these artificial lakes may affect the matter fluxes towards food webs in adjacent terrestrial habitats. To understand the impact of emerging prey from a post-mining lake on terrestrial food webs and associated arthropod communities, we compared the emergence and activity of arthropods as well as the isotopic niches of generalist predators and their potential prey between lakeshores of a post-mining and a natural lake. We used aquatic and terrestrial emergence tents to sample potential prey that emerged locally (Collembola and Diptera) and pitfall traps to sample terrestrial arthropod predators (Carabidae and Araneae) from lakeshores. Community and stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses were performed to compare diversity and isotopic niches of generalist arthropod predators between the natural and post-mining lakeshores. The number of emerging aquatic and terrestrial prey did not differ significantly between lakes, but the δ¹⁵N values of aquatic emerging dipterans differed between the two lakes. Predator community diversity did not differ significantly between lakeshores, but generalist predator species from the natural lakeshore generally had larger isotopic niche sizes than the same species at the post-mining lakeshore indicating a more diverse diet. Additional estimates of diet composition suggest that predators at the natural lakeshore utilized aquatic prey to a lesser degree than at the post-mining lake, but still had a more diverse diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraging association of Groove-billed Anis with a Giant Anteater in Cojedes, Central-western Venezuelan Llanos","authors":"Juan Carlos Fernández-Ordóñez ,&nbsp;Carlos L. Rivas ,&nbsp;Carmen A. Morante","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We observed a group of Groove-billed Anis (<em>Crotophaga sulcirostris</em>) foraging and following a walking Giant Anteater (<em>Myrmecophaga tridactyla</em>) in the Cojedes state (Central-western Venezuelan Llanos), using camera traps. We speculate that this behavior might be a mechanism to increase the birds’ foraging effectiveness since the number of prey caught when foraging along with the anteater tended to be high. Commensalism is relatively common in nature, but not easy to observe directly among Neotropical mammals and birds, due to their secretive and cryptic behaviors. Interactions between anis and anteaters had not been previously documented, so this is the first substantiated record of groove-billed anis foraging in association with an anteater. The expansion of camera trap networks in the tropics will likely increase our understanding and observations of commensal foraging behavior among diverse mammalian and avian taxa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iberian wild goat coprophagy on dove guano. A case report and insights from food analysis","authors":"Juan Luis Mora ,&nbsp;Enrique Blasco ,&nbsp;Alicia García-Serrano ,&nbsp;Juan Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterospecific coprophagy. i.e., the consumption of excreta of other species, is reported and documented for the first time for Iberian wild goat <em>Capra pyrenaica</em> Schinz, 1838 and is discussed in light of the nutritional composition of the excreta. Two adult female goats were observed consuming guano of rock dove <em>Columba livia</em> Gmelin, 1789 in March 2021 in the Natural Park of Guara. The chemical composition and feed value of the dove guano consumed by goats was analyzed using standard methods of food analysis. The guano had moderate energy content and high concentrations of nitrogen-compounds that are convertible into protein. It was also rich in macronutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium and sulfur, some of which (namely phosphorus) may be deficient for goats in calcareous environments such as the study area. High levels of sodium and possibly of guanine can cause hedonistic responses to salty and umami flavors that may contribute and reinforce this feeding habit. The guano was affected by desiccation and aging resulting from outdoor exposure, which might have also decreased its degree of pathogenicity. We hypothesize that female Iberian wild goats could be stimulated by guano in the second half of their pregnancy period, when their protein requirements increase. Heterospecific coprophagy has been documented in a wide range of mammals indicating it may be an important feeding activity, but it is still poorly described and understood. Its causes, consequences and relevance should deserve more attention to better understand their feeding ecology. This has to be faced under a multidisciplinary approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352249624000193/pdfft?md5=788dfbbb801efc902c3dd9b488fda484&pid=1-s2.0-S2352249624000193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study on the isotopic characterization of feeding habits of Diptera in a tropical rain forest","authors":"Fujio Hyodo ,&nbsp;Takao Itioka ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Paulus Meleng ,&nbsp;Makoto Tokuda ,&nbsp;Hiroto Nakayama ,&nbsp;Melvin Terry Gumal ,&nbsp;Takuji Tachi","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flies (Diptera) are among the most diverse groups of insects and are known to utilize various food resources, including plants, detritus, microbial tissues, and fresh and dead animal tissues. However, their feeding habits in the field remain poorly understood. We conducted a pilot study to apply stable nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) isotope techniques to examine the feeding habits of flies in a tropical rain forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. The fly samples comprised 13 families and &gt;18 species. The results showed significant differences in nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) among families and species within a family. The observed pattern is largely consistent with their known feeding habits; flies that use carcasses and carrion as diets (e.g., Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae) have significantly higher δ¹⁵N values than those likely utilizing plant-based diets (e.g., Cecidomyiidae). There were significant differences in δ¹⁵N values among the six species of Calliphoridae, which is consistent with insect succession on carcasses. The differences in δ¹⁵N may be explained by the use of carrion at different stages of decomposition, because microbial decomposition can lead to the ¹⁵N enrichment. Tachinid flies had relatively low δ¹³C values, reflecting the use of lepidopterans as a host. This pilot study shows that the δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values of flies provide insights into the diversity of feeding habits of fly communities, which could also serve as an indicator of resource availability in an entire ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling the complexity of plant-bird relationships: From monolayer to multilayer network perspectives","authors":"Issaac Azrrael Teodosio Faustino ,&nbsp;Ian MacGregor-Fors ,&nbsp;Miguel Jácome Flores ,&nbsp;Roger Guevara ,&nbsp;Rafael Villegas-Patraca ,&nbsp;Wesley Dáttilo","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most plant-bird interaction research employing complex ecological networks focuses on pollination and seed dispersal interactions. However, birds and plants are immersed in a great variety and complexity of direct and indirect relationships. Therefore, the use of multilayer networks (i.e., species interaction networks involving different types of interactions) could provide new insights into the ecological and coevolutionary dynamics of plant-bird relationships. Here, we used a multilayer network approach to determine how a bird-plant interaction network involving different types of interactions (i.e., foraging for invertebrates on plants, frugivory, nectarivory, and perching) is organized in a peri-urban Mexican cloud forest. Moreover, we added information about the interactive roles of the winter migratory and resident birds in the multilayer network. In general, we found that the bird-plant multilayer network exhibits modular but a non-nested structure. We also observed that interactions involving perching and foraging for invertebrates on plants are more frequent than frugivory and nectarivory. Moreover, just a small proportion of birds and plant species were important to the network organization and for connecting different interaction types. In this case, we observed that only two bird species, <em>Cardellina pusilla</em> (Parulidae) and <em>Dumetella carolinesis</em> (Mimidae), and the plant species <em>Telanthophora grandifolia</em> (Asteraceae) and <em>Platanus mexicanus</em> (Platanaceae) presented higher centrality values (i.e., an interactive role). Finally, we found that betweenness values (i.e., the number of times a species acts as a bridge along the shortest path between two species) and network structure's contributions are similar for both migratory and resident bird species. Our results highlight the importance of key interacting species that connect other interacting species for the preservation of community cohesion and to the persistence of species-rich assemblages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid analyses reveal differences in feeding ecology of North Sea squids that overlap in time and space","authors":"Fabian Schäfer ,&nbsp;Daniel Oesterwind ,&nbsp;Anne F. Sell ,&nbsp;Ulrike Kammann","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate-induced changes in marine ecosystems have been documented worldwide. As one of the main consequences, a shift in the distribution of species is observable in many marine areas, resulting in the formation of new species communities and new interactions. In the North Sea, the squid community has changed considerably over the last 100 years. Some species have disapeared while new species have established and are now living in coexistence in a new community. Although squids are considered to be predators that feed rather non-selectively, we aimed to answer the question of whether their diet differs nevertheless. Therefore, we analysed the fatty acids of three squid species whose distribution substantially overlaps. We were able to recognise a dependence between the size of the squid and the composition of fatty acids and are able to demonstrate the already known ontogenetic shift in food composition on the basis of fatty acid composition. Furthermore, we illustrate that the fatty acid composition differs significantly between squid species, which points to different prey of the analysed squid species and which may be one reason for their successful coexistence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352249624000211/pdfft?md5=a5e46dec5dd08362e244175365eee202&pid=1-s2.0-S2352249624000211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal frugivory drives both diet inconsistency and individual specialization in the generalist herbivore gopher tortoise","authors":"Adrian Figueroa ,&nbsp;Kyle Coblentz ,&nbsp;Alyssa Herrera ,&nbsp;Lydia Cuni ,&nbsp;Jennifer Villate ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Marcio Silva Araujo ,&nbsp;Steven M. Whitfield","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individual diet specialization, where individuals within a population exhibit distinct dietary patterns, can be influenced by shifts in ecological opportunity. One underexplored avenue of research is in investigating whether individuals switch foraging strategies (e.g., shifting from herbivory to frugivory) when ecological opportunity provides a pulse of limiting resources, such as fleshy fruits. This study investigates the influence of seasonal frugivory on diet consistency and specialization among generalist herbivores, specifically the gopher tortoise (<em>Gopherus polyphemus</em>), in southeastern Florida, USA. We hypothesized that increased frugivory during the wet season (June through November), coinciding with a resource pulse of fleshy fruits, leads to more inconsistent and specialized diets. Using radio telemetry to track individual tortoises and analyzing dissected fecal samples grouped into functional food categories, we applied Bayesian hierarchical modeling to examine diet consistency and specialization. Our results indicated that higher frugivory levels in the wet season correlate with greater diet inconsistency and specialization compared to the dry season. This pattern suggests that gopher tortoises may switch foraging strategies to exploit seasonal resource pulses of fleshy fruit, thus adopting more inconsistent and specialized diets. Additionally, important activities in the life history of the gopher tortoise, such as copulation, home range defense, and burrow construction, coincide with periods of increased fruit consumption and dietary inconsistency/specialization. Increased intake of carbohydrates and digestible energy from fleshy fruits may allow for more time in the tortoise's activity budget for these activities. Finally, by elucidating the relationship between seasonal frugivory and diet consistency/specialization, this research enhances our understanding of the mechanisms shaping ecological dynamics at the intraspecific level which can subsequently influence community-level interactions such as animal-mediated seed dispersal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}