Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica最新文献

{"title":"First Archaeometrical Approach of the Examinations of Iron Age Ferrous Fragments from Regöly and Bükkábrány (Hungary) – The Inception of Iron Working in the Carpathian Basin?","authors":"B. Török, P. Barkóczy, Géza Szabó","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence, spread and development of iron working in the Carpathian Basin is an essential and interdisciplinary research field, an important stage of which being the results of the archaeometallurgical-archaeomaterial examinations presented in this article. The excavation site of Regöly (Hungary) represents a special source from the earliest Iron culture of the Carpathian Basin, and using the results of metallographic analysis our aim is to place the examined objects in their proper context with regard to the process of iron working. One fragment found in the tumulus of Regöly during the excavation 2011–2012 has been presumed part of an iron bloom; this may be the earliest example of iron working in the Carpathian Basin (630–600 BC). From both an historical and technological point of view this raises several questions. One aim of our study is to characterise the fragments in order to figure out what kind of processing has been applied and ultimately see how the ‘iron bloom’ fragment can be connected in any way to the other iron objects found at the site. Examinations were carried out by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) on both the iron objects and the bloom fragment. Metallographic analysis revealed a very specific microstructure, indicating that the bloom fragment is not a direct product that came directly from the bloomery furnace; it could be a secondary or even tertiary product (prefabricated) instead. However, regarding the bloom fragment, there is evidence of a forging method. During the tests, slag inclusions were also examined. The results from Regöly were also compared with other finds from a Celtic workshop-type site (Bükkábrány, 320–200 BC). Although a direct connection between the examined iron objects and the iron bloom fragment (as possible raw material) cannot be confirmed, the iron artefacts and fragments of Regöly might easily have been made from some basic material as represented by the fragment of an iron bloom or bar. Even though the find from Regöly does not definitively provide the earliest evidence for iron smelting technology in the Carpathian Basin area, it does give evidence for some form of iron forging from a semi-finished product.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85000762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond a Decoration; Mineralogical and Micro-structural Study of the Early Bronze Age “Life Cycle Jar” from Keshik Cemetery, Sistan and Balouchistan, Iran","authors":"Yasin Sedghi, Farahangiz Sabouhi Sani, N. Eskandari, Mohammadamin Emami","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on a unique pottery vessel, the so-called “Life Cycle Jar”, and nine other potsherds which were discovered in the Keshik cemetery, Baluchistan, south-east Iran. Samples were investigated through classical analytical methods such as thin-section petrography, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEM-EDX) to determine the production techniques, fabric characterisation, as well as the pigments applied to decorate the surface of the Life Cycle Jar. Mineralogical and chemical investigations revealed that the pottery pieces were similar in raw materials, and produced locally. Samples show a wheel-thrown signature based on the definite orientation of pores and structural character in their thin sections. The potter pieces were fired under oxidation processes demonstrated by the red and green colour of the matrix. The investigated pottery samples were defined as high-fired sherds (ca. 800–950°C), due to the presence of inclusions in the form of reacted calcite in rhombohedra crystal structure, and hematite within the matrix of the pottery. The microstructural characteristics of the pottery pieces showed that the manufacturing temperature was no higher than 950 °C, by presintering texture. The investigations on the painted decoration on the Life Cycle Jar suggested that iron oxide and manganese oxide was used as the colourant agent in the decoration.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76312171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Metal Finds from the 10th Century Cemetery of Kiskunfélegyháza (Hungary)","authors":"B. Török, A. Giumlia-Mair","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This case study presents the results and conclusions of chemical and metallographic analyses carried out on metal finds (gilded silver mounts, jewelry made of silver- and copper-based alloys, and iron horse fittings) found in nine graves excavated at the 10th century site of the Terjék-tanya at Kiskunfélegyháza (Hungary). The examinations were performed with portable handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ED-XRF), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscope (SEM-EDS). Beside the determination of the chemical composition of the non-ferrous artefacts and the inclusions of the iron samples, the aim of the study was to detect traces and characteristics of different manufacturing methods such as fire gilding, forging, etc.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77639943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical Study of Chert Artefacts from Xicotó Rockshelter (NE Iberia) Archaeological Site. New Data on Neolithic and Mesolithic Human Occupations","authors":"Marta Sánchez de la Torre, Cynthia Belén González Olivares, B. Gratuze, François‐Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Xavier Mangado","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Xicotó Rockshelter (Alòs de Balaguer, Lleida, Spain) is located in the eastern Pre-Pyrenean range in north-east Iberia, in the middle Segre River Basin. Since 2013, archaeological works have been developed by a team from the Prehistoric Studies and Research Seminar (SERP) at the University of Barcelona and up to three sedimentary levels have been identified. The preserved archaeological remains have allowed determining that the site was occupied during at least two different periods: the Ancient Neolithic and the Middle Mesolithic. The relative chronology given by the archaeological assemblage has been confirmed by several radiocarbon dates that place the occupations of the site to be during the VI and VII millennia cal BC. This paper presents the results obtained after the analysis of lithic raw materials from the entire lithic assemblage. The analysis was performed using the classic petroarchaeological approach, comprising textural and micropalaeontological descriptions, combined with the application of geochemical methods, using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The results show that several rock types were selected for confectioning the lithic tools, among which chert was the preferred. Different types and origins have been identified, with similar sourcing strategies that involved local and regional procurement.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84339807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Provenance of Raw Materials of the Second Complex (2018) of Stone Casting Moulds from the Archaeological Monument of Tokivske-1 (Ukraine)","authors":"I. Nikitenko, O. Starik, V. I. Ganotskiy","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Petrographic research was undertaken on the second casting moulds complex discovered in 2018 at the archaeological monument Tokivske-1 in Ukraine. Metalworking of the Late Bronze Age in the Northern Black Sea region is known for its utilisation of stone moulds made from meta-ultrabasites (“talc schists”) by representatives of the Sabatynivka culture. Field investigations in the vicinity of Tokivske indicated the probable place of stone mining, from where a considerable part of the casting moulds under study were made. The discovery of the place of stone mining near Tokivske-1 and finds of similar moulds in other regions give grounds for considering the monument to be not only a centre of metalworking but also stone-processing. The obtained data are also the first geologically proved evidence that the Kryvyi Rih area, which was previously considered the main supplier of “talc schists”, was not the only place of mining of raw materials for the manufacturing of casting moulds in the Middle Dnipro area. Both complexes, the second and the previous one, found in 2017, contain matrices made of identical raw materials, namely, the samples made are untypical for the Middle Dnipro area species. This fact indicates the synchronicity of both complexes and a significant volume of casting production in Tokivske-1.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84291718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Habitation Model Trend Calculation (MTC): Ancient Topography – The Mycenaean Spercheios Valley Case Study","authors":"George Malaperdas","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The initial goal of the Mycenaean Spercheios-Valley Archaeological Project (MY.SPE.AR.) is to undertake a systematic archaeogeophysical survey of the Spercheios Valley in central Greece. The extensive and intensive survey focuses on locating, documenting, mapping and analysing environmental features in correlation with the archaeological remains of Mycenaean sites in the region. This documentation and analysis have already commenced and will be further implemented with use of technologies such as Mobile GPS, UAV photography, satellite imagery analysis, remote sensing, spatial analysis with GIS, test pits and trial trenches. The aim of this paper is to examine and compare the results of the standard MTC prediction model method applied in Messenia with another location, that of the valley of Spercheios, in Fthiotida, Greece. In the spatial analysis carried out in Messenia, common features were observed for all the residential places, which in no case could be characterised as random, while the structure of the administration of the society presented characteristics that were compatible with a hierarchical distinction of the functions of each residential ensemble. The key question is whether we can observe these same characteristics that determine a habitation site (geomorphological, climatological, and geological) in another region. This comparison between two major study areas (the regions of Messenia and the wider valley of Spercheios) may contribute to archaeological research generally by posing new questions and methods of examination of the broader landscape in an area of archaeological interest.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90894497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five Years of Advanced Archaeometric Analysis at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc","authors":"Lukáš Kučera, P. Bednář","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"In modern archaeological research, a close multidisciplinary collaboration with other scientific areas is necessary, especially with natural sciences (e.g., anthropology, archaeobotany, and chemistry). This kind of collaboration and mutual evaluation of obtained results provides synergistically a series of important information in the context of prehistoric research nowadays. This systematic cooperation among archaeology, heritage science, anthropology, archaeobotany and analytical chemistry has been intensively developed for last five years at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc. The aim of this short communication is to introduce our workplace and its activities with a focus on the most important outputs from various areas of the archaeometric research.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75445532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape Analysis of a Battlefield of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 near Hospital Kuks","authors":"Matouš Holas","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the possibilities of landscape analysis based on historical and cartographic sources. The methods and procedures used produced important spatial information about a specific battlefield from the second half of the 19th century. This type of non-destructive research is for the first time applied to a battlefield of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 in the Hradec Králové region. The results of the analysis helped to find a place for a geophysical survey, which confirmed the location of a relic of field fortifications for the Austrian artillery near the baroque Hospital Kuks near Jaroměř. The results provide an important example for the implementation of similar methods in the research on modern battlefields in the Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81085122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical Studies of Wells in the Settlements of Konoplyanka 1 and Konoplyanka 2 (Bronze Age)","authors":"V. Noskevich, N. Fedorova","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In the South Urals, numerous wells have been found inside dwellings in settlements of the Bronze Age. These features are of great interest, not only because of the artifacts found inside the wells, but also as the first hydrotechnical structures within the territory of northern Eurasia. Geophysical studies were carried out over the area of two Bronze Age settlements: the fortified settlement of Konoplyanka and the unfortified settlement of Konoplyanka 2. A gradient magnetic survey was carried out and settlement plans reconstructed, which formed the basis for the selection of sites for the archaeological excavations. Comparison of geophysical and archaeological results showed that, using magnetic maps, it was possible to accurately reconstruct the plans of ancient settlements and localize the positions of wells. At the excavation site of the settlement of Konoplyanka 1, as a result of the magnetic susceptibility survey, it was established that the edges of the wells were reinforced with a special soil that has higher magnetic properties than the subsoils present. At the excavation site at the settlement of Konoplyanka 2, ground penetrating radar (GPR) prospection of the four wells was carried out, the depth and structural features of these wells being determined. Excavations at two of the wells confirmed the results of the geophysical studies.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79545996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dolní Věstonice – Vysoká zahrada: an Integrated Geophysical Survey of an Early Medieval Fortified Settlement","authors":"P. Milo, Michaela Prištiáková, T. Tencer, Michal Vágner, I. Murín","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2022.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The fortified settlement at Dolní Věstonice – Vysoká zahrada belongs to the important Early Medieval centres connected with the establishment of the Přemyslid domain in Moravia. The site functioned as a local administrative and economic centre from about the middle of the 11th century to the end of the 12th century. In written historical sources it was known as Strachotíngrad (“Castrum Strachotín”). Between 1948 and 1986, several minor archaeological excavations were made at this site. Our work’s purpose was to gain new knowledge by deploying proven geophysical prospecting methods in archaeology. The first two of these methods, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Groundpenetrating radar (GPR) focused on the rampart. Within the third used method – magnetometry, we focused on the prospection of the inner area of the hillfort. Based on the results, it was possible to identify some of the construction features of the fortification and locate the course of the no longer existing rampart and several settlement structures. At the same time, the geophysical survey also made clear the overall plan of past archaeological excavations.","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84497230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}