Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica最新文献

{"title":"Analog vs. Digital Documentation – Cutting the Costs, Expanding the Possibilities. Idjoš Gradište Case Study","authors":"Miroslav Marić, J. Pendić","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the use of an integrated GIsand image-based modelling approach to archaeological field documentation, developed for the Borderlands: ArISE project. The project, established in 2014, examines social boundaries and interactions from the early Neolithic to the early Iron Age period in the north-east Banat region of modern Serbia. Archaeological excavations at the site of Gradište near Idjoš are at the core of the project, aimed at providing insight into the development of social identities and the manner of coexistence and interactions between different communities of various periods. Due to limited funds, the process of field documentation has been almost completely digitized, enabling fast but very precise documenting of features and finds recovered from the field: increasing the possibilities for post ex analysis, publication and presentation. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/2 ● 125–136 Miroslav Marić, Jugoslav Pendić: Analog vs. Digital Documentation – Cutting the Costs, Expanding the Possibilities. Idjoš Gradište Case Study 126 later, the site was excavated by Miodrag Grbić (Grbić 1950) who, in the course of two excavation campaigns (Grbić 1951) excavated more than 300 m2 inside the circular enclosure searching for the Slavic city. In 1954, Luka Nadlački from the Kikinda Museum excavated on the tell part of the site, and discovered a wattle and daub structure in trench 3 with the remains of pottery attributed to both the Tisza and Vinča style in the same context (Girić 1957, 221–222). Almost two decades later, during 1972, a smallscale rescue archaeological excavation was undertaken at the site by the National Museum Kikinda and provincial Institute for protection of cultural Monuments petrovaradin, with 4 trenches excavated on the Neolithic settlement and others placed over a Bronze Age/Iron Age necropolis located to the southeast of the sub-oval enclosure (Medović 1984). Finally, after a four-decade long hiatus, a new research cycle was instigated in 2014, aimed at researching the Gradište site through a new, broader paradigm (The Borderlands: ARIse project, i.e. Archaeological Research of Iđoš site and its environment). The project is envisioned as an ongoing programme to be undertaken in several stages, including evaluation of the archaeological potential of the site, targeted excavations of defined features, and broader research leading to systematic publication and public outreach. The project is focused, among other aspects, on establishing the exact character of the settlements in the distinct periods of prehistory: to better understand the site’s formation and its prehistoric landscape conditions, and thus to better study and understand the life of the site and its inhabitants. 2. Methodology Immediately from the beginning of the new excavations in 2014 it became clear that available funds could not facilitate having a large excavation crew with various specialists and sub-specialists waiting on standby during the excavation s","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78483437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeobotany and the Terramara Archaeological Park of Montale (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy): Experiences of Public Education","authors":"Giovanna Bosi, G. Barbieri, A. Florenzano, E. Fraulini, Maria Chiara Montecchi, Alessia Pelillo, E. Righi, Rossella Rinaldi, C. Zanasi","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2017.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2017.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Terramara Archaeological Park of Montale is an open-air museum dedicated to the enhancement of the Bronze Age terramare culture of Northern Italy. Investigation of its rich archaeological record, particularly from the archaeobotanical point of view (seeds/fruits, pieces of wood and charcoal, pollen and charcoal particles), has made it possible to reconstruct the landscape’s evolution and human-plantanimal relationships. This paper aims to present a comprehensive and exhaustive overview of the relationship between archaeology and archaeobotany in order to improve the content and exposition of the Terramara Archaeological Park of Montale, thanks to the fruitful cooperation between the Laboratory of Palynology and Archaeobotany of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Civic Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of Modena. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/2 ● 175–186 Giovanna Bosi, Giovanna Barbieri, Assunta Florenzano, Elisa Fraulini, Maria Chiara Montecchi, Alessia Pelillo, Elena Righi, Rossella Rinaldi, Cristiana Zanasi: Archaeobotany and the Terramara Archaeological Park of Montale (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy): Experiences of Public Education 176 development and the economic improvement of the territory. Consequently, for an efficient archaeological or historical site recovery it is essential to plan a well-defined project that shall take into account its own specific features. First of all, in a revaluation project, symbolic or cultural characteristics of the site should be assessed. Archaeological or scientific features have also to be considered, according to their important contribution in terms of knowledge and awareness. Finally, careful consideration should be given to the teaching possibilities, as these represent the strongest link between the archaeological remains and the visitors (Panosa 2012). AOAMs play a unique role in this field. Developed first in Germany and Scandinavia, while yet being relatively recent in Italy, they offer an exciting interface between scientific research and education, bridging the gap between academia and the public. By reconstructing the environments and activities of the past in a striking and evocative way, they manage to convey to a wider audience the results of excavation and research. For many of the AOAMs, a key factor has doubtless been their relationship with experimental archaeology, this developing scientific discipline having found fertile ground for testing its procedure and methods according to scientific analysis in this kind of museum, increasing the relationship between research and divulgation (Zanasi 2014a; Zanasi 2015). In addition, there is a growing demand by the public and by schools for a form of archaeology-tourism that is increasingly taking the form of edutainment. Here the learning-by-doing philosophy evinces the visitors’ emotional involvement: they are transported backwards in time, where they are immersed in the atmosphere of bygone ages. Not infrequently, this process is facil","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74390308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People “on the Margin”: A Medieval Cemetery in Český Brod – Malechov (Central Bohemia)","authors":"J. Frolík, P. Stránská, J. Votrubova, Barbora Emmerova, D. Vanek","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Six graves situated on the edge of the settled town suburb of Český Brod have been dated to the 2nd half of the 15th century. The group of graves situated outside the regular cemetery, and with one exception reverently buried individuals, raised the question regarding its interpretation. Anthropological study identified six men of different age with many post-traumatic changes on the bones, excessive physical strain and numerous other pathologies. DNA-based examination ruled out the possibility that they were members of minority groups (Jews, Gypsies). People buried on this site are interpreted as people in a marginal position in contemporary society. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/1 ● Online First Jan Frolík, Petra Stránská, Jitka Votrubová, Barbora Emmerová, Daniel Vaněk: People “on the Margin”: A Medieval Cemetery in Český Brod – Malechov (Central Bohemia) Online First genetics), based mainly on the verification of a possible relationship between the buried individuals. Anthropology could give the essential knowledge about the physical condition of the buried, their illness or injuries. The selection of the samples for DNA analysis was based on visual observations of the skeletal remains. It was decided to use only intact teeth as these provide a very high success rate (Katzmarzyk 2007). 2. Description of the Site and Finds 2.1 Description of the Terrain The terrain at the site was rather simple. The subsoil consisted of weathered rock (red or rusty mudstone) at a depth of 0.9– 1.2 m below the roadway surface. The individual graves (A, B, C, F and G) and also two shallow pits (feature D with a depth of 0.17 m and feature E with 0.42 m) were deepened Figure 1. Český Brod – Prokopa Velikého Street, excavated area marked with a black circle on the Cadastral contour map. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/1 ● Online First Jan Frolík, Petra Stránská, Jitka Votrubová, Barbora Emmerová, Daniel Vaněk: People “on the Margin”: A Medieval Cemetery in Český Brod – Malechov (Central Bohemia) Online First into the subsoil and had the same backfill (red-brown clayey silt [45%] with interlayers of grey clayey silt [45%] and a small amount of charcoal and daub). The pit features and graves were covered with a single layer – dark-grey sandyloamy soil [80%] with stones (mudstone [15%], pebbles [3%] and small brick fragments [2%]) – of a thickness of 0.2–0.5 m. This layer was covered with a pavement of quarry stones and dark-brown soil up to 0.3 m in thickness, which had survived only in the northern half of the trench pit. At some spots there was a charcoal interlayer below this pavement and above it the 0.3-metre-thick sand bedding of the current pavement. The terrain was disturbed by modern excavations (the holes from former old and recent sewerage work). The trench dug for the cables that had partially disturbed graves A and B, and also feature E, was situated approximately in the centre of the uncovered area. 2.2 Stratigraphy The stratigraphic situation of the found features and graves i","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78362996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing Archaeology through Geochemistry: an Example of a Disturbed Prehistoric Hilltop Settlement Site in South-Eastern Lithuania","authors":"Andra Simniškytė-Strimaitienė, A. Selskienė, J. Vaičiūnienė, V. Pakštas, Ramūnas Šmigelskas","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The geoarchaeological research summarized in this paper followed the excavation of a heavily-disturbed Bėčionys hilltop settlement site in south-eastern Lithuania. The archaeological excavation revealed a distribution of subsurface features holding few or no artefacts. According to what was left of them – stains forms, profiles, fillings and artefacts (or absence of them) – all these were registered as sunken features, without any attempt of further interpretation of possible function (midden, posthole, hearth, etc.). The features with artefacts were doubtless worthy of documentation, at least regarding the archaeological value of their infill, whereas objects holding no artefacts lacked any such reason. The overall task, therefore, was to determine any culture-related criteria for these features. Recent studies indicate that an analysis of geochemical and geophysical properties of sediments can contribute towards the detection of human occupation beyond the archaeological remains. This is because anthropogenic activity, including food preparation, fireplaces, middenning or craft-working, alters the natural sediments in recognizable ways, forming new soil characteristics that can be traced and measured through multi-analytical methodologies. To date, elevated levels of Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Na, Zn, etc., have been commonly found in archaeological soils and associated with specific inputs (Dirix et al. 2013; Entwistle et al. 2000; Hjulstrom, Isaksson 2009; Linderholm 2007; Linderholm, Lundberg 1994; Marwick 2005; Middleton, Price 1996; Middleton 2004; Parnell et al. 2002; Wells 2004; Wilson et al. 2008). However, the establishment of relationships between soil properties and past human activities is by no means straightforward. Ancient soil signatures are siteVolume VIII ● Issue 1/2017 ● Pages 17–33","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73425281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hic sunt leones? The Morava Valley Region During the Early Middle Ages: The Bilateral Mobility Project between Slovakia and Austria","authors":"M. Hajnalová, Stefan Eichert, Jakub Tamaškovič, Nina Brundke, Judith Benedix, N. Pažinová, Dominik Repka","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-border cooperation is very important for understanding the cultural-historical development of the border regions of modern day states. These areas, today, are often considered as “peripheries”. However, in the past they usually had a very different function and status. This article introduces one bilateral mobility project between the archaeological departments at the University of Vienna and the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, aimed at facilitating more focused early medieval archaeological research in the region along the lower stretches of the Morava River. The article introduces the region, its history and state of research and describes the role of the project, the team and the project results obtained up to date. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/1 ● 99–104 Mária Hajnalová, Stefan Eichert, Jakub Tamaškovič, Nina Brundke, Judith Benedix, Noémi Beljak Pažinová, Dominik Repka: Hic sunt leones? The Morava Valley Region During the Early Middle Ages: The Bilateral Mobility Project between Slovakia and Austria 100 (cf. Herold 2011; 2012; 2016; Henning, Ruttkay 1998; 2011; Macháček 2013; Ruttkay 2012; 2015). For these and other reasons, the cultural landscape and the early medieval settlement structure of the lower Morava River have never been researched as a single entity – a complex system consisting of various types of settlements and burial grounds. 3. The region under study Geographically, the studied area belongs to the Vienna Basin. The central axis is formed by the lower course of the Morava River. In Slovakia, the area covers the southern part of the Záhorie region (Bor Lowlands) – the territory between the river and the Lower Carpathians, delimited by the Myjava River to the north and the area of Bratislava to the south. In Austria, it covers the adjacent parts of the Marchfeld (Figure 1). While the region’s medieval material culture (e.g. ceramics and metal finds) is relatively uniform on both sides of the river, the natural environment differs. The lower elevations in both countries are covered by the level floodplains of the Morava River and its tributaries. The elevated, upland areas in Austria represent the stable loess hills of the rolling landscape of Weinwiertel. In Slovakia, almost half of the study region is covered by unstable dunes of eolithic sands (Fordinál 2012; Kalivodová et al. 2008, 10) that form a highly specific and unique environment. These differences in geology are mirrored in different soil types and vegetation. 4. A brief history of the region In the sixth and seventh century AD, Slavs settled and established new communities on the territory of what is now the Austrian, Slovakian and Moravian side of the Morava River (Fusek 2013; Fusek, Zábojník 2003). In the vicinity of Bratislava, in the southern part of the study region, there is a strong evidence for probably peaceful interactions between Slavs and Avars (Bialeková, Zábojník 1996; Herold 2010; 2014; Winter 1997; Zábojník 1989; 2009). Further to the west","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78859061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretive and Analytical Approaches to Aerial Survey in Archaeology","authors":"Ladislav Šmejda","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses two contrasting approaches to archaeological survey using aerial reconnaissance. A more traditional strategy is to look for interesting spots in the landscape with a highly concentrated archaeological record. These are usually called “sites”. This concept is still used in everyday practice, despite its long-standing problematic character. The opposing approach divides the studied region into analytical units, which are sampled for evidence in a standardized manner and only then is the collected information subsequently interpreted. Varying densities of recorded facts across space are now studied rather than the binary categories of “on-site” and “off-site”. In Czech archaeology, this operational difference has often been classified as the “synthesizing” vs. “analytical” research methodology. This debate has been ongoing for quite some time in the context of field-walking and surface collection of archaeological finds. This text examines an analogous problem in the field of aerial survey, where it seems to be closely connected to another long-standing methodological and terminological discussion: the comparative usefulness of “oblique vs. vertical” aerial photography. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/1 ● 79–92 Ladislav Šmejda: Interpretive and Analytical Approaches to Aerial Survey in Archaeology 80 in mutual opposition to each other as regards their technical parameters and practical utility. The aim of this paper is to evaluate oblique and vertical aerial photographs in terms of the two above-mentioned survey strategies: synthesizing and analytical approach. 2. Oblique and vertical aerial photographs As their names suggest, the main criteria for distinguishing between vertical and oblique photographs is the orientation of the camera at the moment when the photograph is taken. Verticals are produced when the camera’s optical axis is oriented downwards, perpendicular to the horizontal plane. For practical reasons, a small deviation (usually less than 3 degrees) of the optical axis from the plumb line is generally tolerated. Obliques are captured by cameras that are tilted significantly from the vertical. We speak about “low obliques” when the optical axis is tilted no more than 30 degrees from the vertical, and “high obliques” that typically point around 60 degrees away from the vertical. In vertical photographs, the nadir (i.e. point on the ground directly below the camera at the time of exposure) is located approximately in their geometrical centre (principal point); while in the case of high obliques the position of the nadir is typically positioned outside the photo frame (Figure 1). Another significant difference is that verticals are often taken in so-called stereo pairs (subsequent frames have significant overlap of their ground coverage), enabling a “threedimensional” perception during visual analysis and offering advanced possibilities of precision mapping (Risbøl et al. 2015). Obliques are very rarely obtained in this way, their ","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86650190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray fluorescence analysis of the pottery shards from dahan-E ghulaman, the achaemenid site in Sistan, east of Iran","authors":"Hossein Sarhaddi-dadian, Hossein Moradi, Zuliskandar Ramli, Vahid Purzarghan","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine whether pottery shards from Dahan-e Ghulaman were locally made or imported from elsewhere. Dahan-e Ghulaman is one of the most ancient settlements in Iran’s Sistan during the Achaemenid period. The study shows that the antiquity of the site goes back to the 6th and 5th centuries BC, the earthenware found in Dahan-e Ghulaman being simple and unpainted in buff and buffish red colours. However, another type of pottery also can be observed in the Dahan-e Ghulaman collection; these are painted red inside and milky outside, and are similar to ceramics from the Nadali site in Afghanistan. The dishes include short cups with wide mouths in red and orange. Archaeologists believe that most of the pottery shards are locally made; hence, to test this hypothesis, a scientific analysis was done to determine the chemical composition of the pottery shards. X-Rays Fluorescence (XRF) was applied to determine the major and trace elements of the pottery shards. The results demonstrate that most of the pottery shards are in the same group and this strongly suggests that they are local products. Additionally, based on the major and trace elements, it can be suggested that five samples are not locally made. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/1 ● 35–41 Hossein Sarhaddi-Dadian, Hossein Moradi, Zuliskandar Ramli, Vahid Purzarghan: X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of the Pottery Shards from Dahan-e Ghulaman, the Achaemenid Site in Sistan, East of Iran 36 Greek writer, has mentioned the eleven largest and most famous cities in Drangiana (Mehrafarin 2016). Considering the archaeological evidence, most of the archaeologists believe that the site of Dahan-e Ghulaman had been the capital of Sistan during the Achaemenid period. 2. Dahan-e Ghulaman site Dahan-e Ghulaman is located about 44 km from Zabol city and 2 km from the Kale New Village in the north of the province of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran (Figure 1). This site was discovered and excavated by Umberto Scerrato in 1960–1965 (Scerrato 1966). After the Iranian revolution, in October 2000, Seyyed Mansour Seyyed Sajjadi began a new series of excavations in Dahan-e Ghulaman (Sajjadi 2007). The reports and maps from the Dahan-e Ghulaman site prepared by the Italian demonstrate that the site was covered by dunes located alongside the Hirmand River among several historical sites (Mariani 1977; Sceratto 1962). The buildings are arranged in fairly regular rows, and due to the 120-day wind phenomenon which always blows from northwest to the southeast, all of the entrance doors are located on the southern side of the building or wind breakers have been built in front of them. The main walls of buildings have been constructed using strong bricks. The rooms’ roofs are crescent dome-shaped and they are located next to each other forming a beautiful architecture (Mariani 1977). The buildings are distributed over an area 200 m in length, from 300 m to 800 m in width and about 300 m from the dried Senate River Delta. Onl","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81550109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prehistoric Wetland Site of Náklo (Moravia, Czech Republic) – a Unique Piece of History","authors":"A. Bernardová, J. Novák, Vendula Vránová","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarises the results of an investigation from the former oxbow lake near the village Náklo. The study profile (“Náklo – Under the church”) is situated near an archaeological site which is important due to the presence of pile constructions and a deposit of bronze vessels from the Halstatt Period. The study focused on the plant macroremains and xylotomy analysis. Only a few plant macroremains studies from lowland wetland sites are notable for the documented presence of archeophytes in central Europe. Our study confirmed long-term human impact and the important influence of human activities on the alluvial floodplain vegetation, especially during the Late Bronze Age and Hallstat Period. Our analysis of wood enabled the presence of alluvial forest with dominance of Salix, Populus, Alnus, and Ulmus to be reconstructed. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/1 ● 9–16 Alexandra Bernardová, Jan Novák, Vendula Vránová: The Prehistoric Wetland Site of Náklo (Moravia, Czech Republic) – a Unique Piece of History 10 sediments (Czudek 1972). Fluvisols and chernozem were mapped as the most common soils near Náklo village (AOPK 2005). The lowland area falls into the Thermophyticum phytogeographical region with a slightly dry and continental, central European climate. The mean annual precipitation is 550–600 mm, and mean annual temperature 8.5–9°C (meteorological site: Olomouc; Quitt 1971). At present, the lowland region is predominantly agriculturally managed with forests covering only a small percentage of the landscape. The current riverine forests belong to the Ulmenion alliance (Chytrý 2013), and the occurrence of Salix and Alnus is associated with river banks and wetlands. Oak-hornbeam forests (Carpinion) are typical of the drier part of the lowland, which hydrologically does not belong to the Morava river catchment. As potential natural vegetation, hardwood forests of lowland rivers (Ulmenion) and oak-hornbeam forests (un. Carpinion) have been recreated in the area (Neuhäuselová, 2001). Litovelské Pomoraví is influenced by long-term agricultural management (Čižmářová et al. 1996). A lot of findings, including chronologically almost the whole of prehistory, the Middle Ages, and the Modern Period, have Figure 1. Unique find of a deposit of bronze vessels coming from the sediments, which could be dated to the Hallstatt Period, found at the beginning of the 20th century. Figure 2. Location of the studied area. The circle marks the location of the trench where the sediement was retrieved. Source: https://geoportal.gov.cz. 0 10 km IANSA 2017 ● VIII/1 ● 9–16 Alexandra Bernardová, Jan Novák, Vendula Vránová: The Prehistoric Wetland Site of Náklo (Moravia, Czech Republic) – a Unique Piece of History 11 been obtained up to the present (e.g. Čižmář, Kohoutek 1999; Oliva 2003; Peška 2001; Wankl 1889). Among the periods of greatest population density, we can include, for example, the period of the Linear Pottery Culture (7550–6850 cal BP), Late Eneolithic (4850–4450 cal BP), ","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86282446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedogenesis, Pedochemistry and the Functional Structure of the Waldhufendorf Field System of the Deserted Medieval Village Spindelbach, the Czech Republic","authors":"J. Horák, T. Klír","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Spindelbach was a Waldhufendorf type of village, i.e. every household could manage its own fields independently of other households. Our study has importance for research on the economic and social development between the Medieval and Modern Era and for studies of human impact. Performing soil and geochemical mapping, we have identified four geochemical factors in a clearly interpretable pattern: 1) general geology and soil environment (represented mainly by Al, Si, K, Ti, Rb, Sr and Zr) contrasting with the soil organic matter and with pollution coming from atmospheric deposition (P, As, Pb and LE – elements from H to Na); 2) modern pollution and possible historical human activity (mainly As and Pb vs Zn, Fe and Mn); 3) historical human activity related to the village (Zn and Sr); and 4) additional historical human activity of another spatial pattern (P). Although there was no unambiguous relation between podzolization and the human activities observed, generally podzol development was very rapid (it was positively observed on sites ploughed ca 600 years ago). Differences among the households’ agricultural managements were observed; these could be based on: 1) types of land use in the village area; 2) management intensity; and 3) the subjective management preferences of the peasants. The differences were manifested by their intensity and by their spatial","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75551443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traces of Dissection on Human Skeletal Remains of the First Half of 19th Century from Ostrava, Czech Republic","authors":"Michal Živný, Z. Moravec","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2016.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2016.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Rescue archaeological excavation in Puchmajerova Street, Ostrava, Czech Republic, has resulted in the discovery of approximately 40 graves dating back to the Early Modern Period. One of the graves, number 841, connected with the last stage of the cemetery’s existence, has provided human bones in a very poor state of preservation. These have been anthropologically analysed and subsequently interpreted as the remains of a woman who died in her young adult life (20–25 years). The skeleton number 841 shows traces of dissection-like intervention in the right parietal bone and squama of the frontal bone, which has proved to be a key factor for subsequent investigations. Based on archaeological findings (the dating and grave inventory), anthropological assessment (sex, age and dissection traces), and written sources (registers of deaths), we have been able to identify this skeleton as the remains of the Ostrava burgher Marianna Máchová (1817–1837), who committed suicide in 1837. IANSA 2016 ● VII/2 ● 197–205 Michal Živný, Zbyněk Moravec: Traces of Dissection on Human Skeletal Remains of the First Half of 19th Century from Ostrava, Czech Republic 198 identify the skeleton with a known person, and subsequently to look deeper into her life by means of the available written sources. Thus the skeletal remains from grave number 841 play a major role in this paper. The primary goal is to refer to the rare and unusual archaeological find of a postmortem invasion into the skull. The identification of the skeletal remains with a real historical person who has provided recorded information on the said postmortem manipulation is regarded as proof as to the correctness of our observations. 2. Material and methods 2.1 Archaeological background Grave number 841 was situated in the very latest (most recent) group of burials at our cemetery. It is dated back to the period 1785–1843 and, in agreement with the funeral practices of that times, it was placed in a single line. The eastern (or lower) half of the grave (and skeletal remains) did not still exist at the time of our archaeological excavation, having been already removed by earlier building activities on the cemetery site. Thus only the western (or upper) half of the grave had been preserved for subsequent research (Figure 1). The grave was oriented in a NW–SE direction. There were poorly preserved human skeletal remains in a stretched supine position in the grave pit, with the upper extremities bent at the elbow joints and hands laid on the chest. Furthermore, the remains of a wooden coffin were detected around the skeleton (Moravec et al. 2014, 68–69). In contrast to the condition of the skeletal remains themselves, these wooden residues represent the best preserved coffin remnants at our cemetery. The coffin was originally closed by iron nails and was Figure 1. Skeleton number 841: field excavation. Taken from Moravec et al. 2014. IANSA 2016 ● VII/2 ● 197–205 Michal Živný, Zbyněk Moravec: Traces of Dissection on","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84627599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}