Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica最新文献

{"title":"A Roman Structure from Hurbanovo, SW Slovakia: Multiproxy Investigation of Unique Waterlogged Deposit","authors":"M. Hajnalová, Zora Bielichová, J. Rajtár, Denisa Krčová, T. Čejka, Z. Šustek, Jana Mihályiová","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2018.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2018.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of analyses of various types of organic remains recovered from a waterlogged fill of the sunken structure from Hurbanovo (SW Slovakia) dated to the Early Roman period (1st and 2nd century AD). The structure represents a unique find – the only archaeological feature with waterlogged infill at the site and one of nine known from the Roman Period “barbaric” territory of modern day Slovakia. The waterlogging enabled the preservation of a wider spectrum of organic remains and taxa as known from contemporary Roman period sites in the region. Here are discussed charred and waterlogged seeds and fruits, waterlogged wood, charcoal, animal bones, molluscs and insects. Floral and faunal data yield evidence of crop and animal husbandry, domestic/household activities at the site, and convey information on the surroundings and human-exploited landscape. Taphonomic analyses indicate that the majority of ecofacts from the pit are in the secondary position, and therefore cannot be used for ascertaining the original function of the structure. This has been done solely on archaeological analyses of the contextual data and by use of analogy. IANSA 2018 ● IX/1 ● 43–69 Mária Hajnalová, Zora Bielichová, Ján Rajtár, Denisa Krčová, Tomáš Čejka, Zbyšek Šustek, Jana Mihályiová: A Roman Structure from Hurbanovo, SW Slovakia: Multiproxy Investigation of Unique Waterlogged Deposit 44 Figure 1. Hurbanovo-Štrkovisko; geographic location (47.86027°N, 18.18335°E). Map of 2nd Military survey (1806 – 1869). http://www.mapire.eu Figure 2. Hurbanovo-Štrkovisko; plan of the excavation. Legend: 1 – Roman period; 2 – Early Middle Ages; 3 – other prehistoric periods; 4 – unknown. 0 1 km 0 1 km IANSA 2018 ● IX/1 ● 43–69 Mária Hajnalová, Zora Bielichová, Ján Rajtár, Denisa Krčová, Tomáš Čejka, Zbyšek Šustek, Jana Mihályiová: A Roman Structure from Hurbanovo, SW Slovakia: Multiproxy Investigation of Unique Waterlogged Deposit 45 ca 1 km, from the southern limit of the town to the village of Konkoľ. The ridge runs north to south and in the west borders with a terrain depression, the eastern margin of a marsh of the recently-channelled Hurbanovo stream (Figure 1). Aerial and field prospection has documented that the whole extent of the sand dune and nearby terrain has been exploited and densely occupied throughout prehistory, protohistory and the Middle Ages (Hanzelyová, Kuzma, Rajtár, 1995, p. 55; Kolníková, 2002; Rajtár, 2002, pp. 360–361, Figures 1–2). Hurbanovo lies 15 km north of the Danube, which in the Roman period formed the northern frontier of the Roman Province of Pannonia. Even though the area was close to border at the time, it still belonged to barbarian territory (Figure 1). The rescue excavation in 2003 was limited to a sounding of 55×30–35 m just below the planned building (Rajtár, 2004). It covered the area from the lower slope of the dune (altitude 121.1 m asl) to the depression (at 119.5 m asl), a rise of 1.5 m. The archaeological situation in th","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77389136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology","authors":"D. Hagmann","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2018.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2018.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a case study, the paper analyses the possibilities of social media as a tool for science communication in the context of information and communication technology (ICT) usage in archaeology. Aside from discussing the characteristics of digital archaeology, the social networking sites (SNS) Twitter, Sketchfab, and ResearchGate are integrated into a digital research data dissemination tool. As a result, above-average engagement rates with few impressions were observed. Compared with that, status updates focusing on actual fieldwork and other research activities gain high numbers of impressions with below-average engagement rates. It is believed that most of the interactions are restricted to a core audience and that a clearly defined social media strategy is obligatory for successful research data dissemination in archaeology, combined with regular posts in the SNS. Additionally, active followers are of highest importance. IANSA 2018 ● IX/1 ● Online First Dominik Hagmann: Reflections on the Use of Social Networking Sites as an Interactive Tool for Data Dissemination in Digital Archaeology Online First Lähteenmäki, Virta 2016; Patrikarakos 2017). Social media wars also occur in the free web-based social messaging and microblogging service twitter, which is used to send short posts (so-called tweets) with originally 140 characters and (since November 2017) 280 characters in some countries (e.g. Rosen 2017; Richardson 2012; 2015; Williams, Krause 2012, pp. 105–113). Originally, it is likely that Twitter wars (in their broadest sense) have become a digital phenomenon in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and thus became known to a wider public during 2012 (Ball 2013), considering the role of social media in modern warfare (Sutter 2012). Hence Twitter war initially belongs to the above-mentioned third definition, incorporating the metaphysical meanings of real and virtual war, but may have adopted additional meanings besides. Thus, a Twitter war may also belong to the first type of social media war. In today’s Twitter lingo (slang) a twitter war may describe in detail a quick public dialogue based on tweets between at least two parties for several hours. The parties involved are addressing each other mainly using the so-called retweet(rt) as well as replies(replying to) and mentions-functions (@) on Twitter (Twitter 2017a; 2017b). A quick review of last months’ tweets mentioning the combined terms “Twitter” and “war” reveals the characteristics of a Twitter war in general (Twitter 2017d). Twitter wars seem to be declared by either one of the two parties or even a third party without following any formal rules. Through simply announcing an explicit statement as well as directly mentioning the other party/parties, the Twitter war starts. Here, one party refers to a certain position while the other party/parties take/s an opposite one. The other party/parties respond/s to this statement with a similar but differing statement more or l","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90449008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic Analysis of Starch Grains and its Applications in the Archaeology of the Stone Age","authors":"Jaromír Kovárník, J. Beneš","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2018.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2018.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeobotanical micro-residuals are today a major focus in artefactual and bioarchaeological investigations. Though starch grains analysis may be regarded as marginal, it can be a useful analysis for archaeological research, being a method suitable for the investigation of stone artefacts and ceramic vessels. Soil samples and dental calculus can also be examined. Through the use of various extraction methods it is possible to answer questions of diet composition and purpose of stone tool use. As documented in recent studies examining the composition of the human diet, starch grain research should be one of the main areas of archaeobotanical investigation. Its applicability can be seen in studies where it is useful to define the role of plants in human subsistence. New evidence of plant use in archaeological contexts in the Stone Age, beginning in the Palaeolithic and ending in the Neolithic, has been presented in recent papers. Current archaeological studies, including those using starch grain analyses, have particularly indicated the higher ratio of plants in the diet during the Palaeolithic period. IANSA 2018 ● IX/1 ● 83–93 Jaromír Kovárník, Jaromír Beneš: Microscopic Analysis of Starch Grains and its Applications in the Archaeology of the Stone Age 84 However, damaged starch grains can hinder the use of this particular technique. The results from starch grain analysis are suitable as complementary analyses to other techniques, such as palynology, phytolith analysis or plant macroremains (García-Granero et al., 2015; Pestle, Laffoon, 2018). The examination of starch grains has improved along with improvements in microscopic technique. Antonia van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) was the first scientist to publish an illustration of starch grains. This Dutch scientist and microscopist engaged in the observation of natural materials and created a record of the starch grains of common species of plants such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, beans, peas, rice and corn (Hogg, 1854; Britannica, 2016). The work of Fritzche continued that of Leeuwenhoek. He also recognized the potential of the heterogeneity of starch grains and its use for determining the genus and species of plants. It was only a short step towards the creation of taxonomic keys and atlases (Torrence, Barton, 2006). The German botanist and cofounder of cell theory, Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804–1881), created a key with his own classification based on starch shape and hilum position. Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) continued the study of the structure of starch (Britannica, 2016; Torrence, Barton, 2006). This Swiss botanist built on the work of J. M. Schleiden and created a modificaton of the starch-grain sorting system (Britannica, 2016), among others we could mention, such as Henry Figure 1. Illustration of Poaceae starch grain (Reichert, 1913). IANSA 2018 ● IX/1 ● 83–93 Jaromír Kovárník, Jaromír Beneš: Microscopic Analysis of Starch Grains and its Applications in the Archaeology of the Sto","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88510626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeometric study of Roman tesserae from Salamanca (Spain). Archaeology and geochemical analysis","authors":"Véronica Pérez de Dioz, María de los Reyes de Soto García, Isabel Sonsoles de Soto García, R. García Giménez","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2018.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2018.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77956923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Scale Geochemical Signatures Enable to Determine Landscape Use in the Deserted Medieval Villages","authors":"M. Janovský, J. Horák","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2018.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2018.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86084411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OREA: The Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","authors":"B. Horejs","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2018.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2018.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology is one of Austria’s leading research facilities for archaeological research and covers essential prehistoric and early historical cultural developments from the Near East to Europe. The orient and occident are frequently understood as counterpoints in different worlds and explored separately. In this research institute, these areas are deliberately considered a common cultural bracket for crucial advances of human (pre)history and are therefore explored together. The focus of basic research lies in the time horizon from the Quaternary, about 2.6 million years ago, to the transformation of societies into historical epochs in the first","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Examples of Good Practice in LiDAR Prospection in Preventive Archaeology","authors":"M. Horňák, J. Zachar","doi":"10.24916/iansa.2017.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2017.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The prime objective of this article is to demonstrate the possibilities of LiDAR mapping in the field of preventive archaeology. The article focuses upon detailed descriptions of case studies that present particular examples of LiDAR application possibilities, as well as its limitations. The final remarks sum up an appropriate procedure for LiDAR prospection when applied to preventive archaeology and","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73815622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintenance of Underground Granaries in Medieval Towns; Case Study from Padowetz, Brno, Czech Republic","authors":"L. Lisá, Marek Peška, David Merta, M. Gregor","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Medieval underground granaries are typical storage facilities for the Slavic part of Europe, but their appearance generally all over Europe is not limited to just a few regions. Though typical for the rural environment of villages, these objects are nearly unknown in cities. The only examples excavated inside city walls belong to the 12th to 14th century. This also explains why the maintenance practices used are nearly unknown. The Medieval granary excavated inside the city walls of Brno, Czech Republic, has provided important information concerning the way the granary was maintained and used. Micromorphological descriptions, combined with the PRTG analyses, show that the excavated granary was probably used repeatedly. The walls of the granary and also its bottom had been repeatedly sealed with straw. This material was at the bottom of the infill preserved in a nearly fresh state or totally impregnated by phosphates. Also the phases of bioturbation and the record of a burning event were recorded. The burning of the interior parts of the granary was probably their way of cleaning. The temperature was not higher than 300̊ C. These practices may be compared with rural practices documented already in 18th century in village areas. This is the first documentation of the processes of maintenance for Medieval granaries as compared with more recently documented practices. It confirms that the local inhabitants of a Medieval town applied the older rural tradition as known from village areas. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/2 ● 157–165 Lenka Lisá, Marek Peška, David Merta, Miloš Gregor: Maintenance of Underground Granaries in Medieval Towns; Case Study from Padowetz, Brno, Czech Republic 158 (Procházka 2012, 1012; 2013). Generally the underground granaries are often pear-shaped, with small openings and diameters of up to three metres at their widest point (Kunz 2004). The underground granaries excavated up till now in the Brno town area are usually pear-shaped with diameters of 1.8 m (2.2 m respectively) reaching a depth of 3.6 metres. These have been detected mainly in the distal parts of burgher plots (Kobližná 3, Josefská 8, Starobrněnská 18; Procházka 2013, 110; 2012, 203; 2000, 58). Due to the fact that most of the plots demarcated in the second quarter of the 13th century do not show any underground granary locations, we can connect their appearance mainly with the older rural tradition of the local inhabitants. While the need for cereals in the towns lasted, unlike in the villages there was no need to store added cereals for sowing. Additionally there was the need to store not only cereals, but also craft and other raw materials. The urban character of the sunken features at that time was usually already connected with the construction of earthen house cellars (Holub et al. 2005). The storage of the ceramic vessels (Nekuda, Reichertová 1968, 63; Procházka, Peška 2007, 168) used to store cereals had in fact replaced the need for underground granaries. To preserve ","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86149519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Assessment of Chaltasian Slag: Evidence of Early Copper Production in the Central Plateau of Iran","authors":"B. Sodaei, P. Kashani","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the archaeometallurgical analyses results on six slag remains obtained from Chaltasian, Iron Age II, in the Central Plateau of Iran, excavated by Islamic Azad University, VaraminPishva Branch. Metallurgical studies were carried out to identify oxides, Ca-rich silicates and metallic phases in the slag material, using wavelength dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (WDXRF), followed by an analysis of one sample under the polarizing microscope: plane polarized light (PPL) and cross polarized light (XPL). Based on the analyses, it has been concluded that these six copper slag remains have a considerable amount of silica, which had been added to the smelt to increase its fluidity. Analyses showed a clinopyroxene microstructure in a glassy matrix for five samples, and a barite source, from a probable lead-zinc source in limestone, for the other sample. The absence of arsenic in these copper slags could show a paradigm shift in copper production in this space-time grid. According to the low amount of slag present on site, on the one hand, and the application of relatively advanced extraction technology on the other, this research introduces Chaltasian as an Iron Age II small copper production centre in the Central Plateau of Iran with a locally-developed copper extraction technology. IANSA 2017 ● VIII/2 ● 137–144 Bita Sodaei, Poory Kashani: Analytical Assessment of Chaltasian Slag: Evidence of Early Copper Production in the Central Plateau of Iran 138 Figure 1. Map of Iran. Figure 2. Aerial Photo, Chaltasian (Yousefi Zoshk 2012) IANSA 2017 ● VIII/2 ● 137–144 Bita Sodaei, Poory Kashani: Analytical Assessment of Chaltasian Slag: Evidence of Early Copper Production in the Central Plateau of Iran 139 Figure 3. Topographical Map, Chaltasian (Yousefi Zoshk 2012) Figure 4. Chaltasian, central mound (Yousefi Zoshk 2012). is currently a common technique to reach an understanding of the specialization in alloy production. Elemental analyses are a type of characterization research in archaeometry. The comparative assessment of chemical composition can lead to the determination of metal manufacturing processes. Archaeologists, therefore, prefer to employ chemical and physical techniques to identify both the elemental composition and production technology (Kashani et al. 2013a). In this work, six slag remains have been analyzed to obtain information about the quantitative elemental composition of the slag material and its mineral resources. 2. Theoretical background The production and use of copper and its alloys on the Iranian Plateau might have been started in the Neolithic site of “Ali Kosh” in the south west of Iran, where a rolled bead of native copper was found (Moorey 1969; Pigott 1999a; Thornton 2009). The bead from “Ali Kosh” has been dated to between the 8th and 7th Millennium BC (Hole 2000; Thornton 2009). It has been further specified that copper extraction technology on the Iranian Plateau had local developments during the Bronze Age (Dyson,","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84898066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Archaeology: Remains of a Roman Villa in the Bay of Stari Trogir, Central Dalmatia","authors":"Nika Lužnik Jancsary","doi":"10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24916/IANSA.2017.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78243991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}