Geophysical Studies of Wells in the Settlements of Konoplyanka 1 and Konoplyanka 2 (Bronze Age)

In the South Urals, numerous wells have been found inside dwellings in settlements of the Bronze Age. These features are of great interest, not only because of the artifacts found inside the wells, but also as the first hydrotechnical structures within the territory of northern Eurasia. Geophysical studies were carried out over the area of two Bronze Age settlements: the fortified settlement of Konoplyanka and the unfortified settlement of Konoplyanka 2. A gradient magnetic survey was carried out and settlement plans reconstructed, which formed the basis for the selection of sites for the archaeological excavations. Comparison of geophysical and archaeological results showed that, using magnetic maps, it was possible to accurately reconstruct the plans of ancient settlements and localize the positions of wells. At the excavation site of the settlement of Konoplyanka 1, as a result of the magnetic susceptibility survey, it was established that the edges of the wells were reinforced with a special soil that has higher magnetic properties than the subsoils present. At the excavation site at the settlement of Konoplyanka 2, ground penetrating radar (GPR) prospection of the four wells was carried out, the depth and structural features of these wells being determined. Excavations at two of the wells confirmed the results of the geophysical studies.