Journal of Communication in Healthcare最新文献

{"title":"Assessing knowledge translation following a pre-cancer diagnosis: a multinational evaluation of online resources targeting patients with cervical dysplasia.","authors":"Garth Griffiths, Diane Tomalty, Michael A Adams, Olivia Giovannetti","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2508346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2508346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distressful clinician-to-patient dialogue such as a pre-cancer diagnosis of cervical dysplasia may interfere with information retention. Patient education material provided as an online resource offers a suitable option to review relevant health information outside the clinic. The aim of this study was to evaluate online resources (ORs) affiliated with healthcare institutions across Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) on their effectiveness to translate accessible and current knowledge to patients referred for loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive directory of ORs related to LEEP was compiled from public hospital websites across Australia and the UK. Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to evaluate resource reading-level (measured using three validated readability indices); actionability and understandability (measured using the Patient Education Material Assessment Tool [PEMAT]); and content (described using content analysis to assess disclosure practices associated with LEEP-related complications).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All ORs (n = 39) exceeded the recommended reading level (Australia: x̄ = 10.07, σ = 1.01; UK: x̄ = 10.17, σ = 0.96). PEMAT results indicated higher percentages of ORs scored as understandable (Australia: 50.0%; UK: 69.7%) versus actionable (Australia: 33.3%; UK: 6.1%). Content analysis revealed widespread discordance in the disclosure of longer-term LEEP complications associated with pregnancy, fertility, and sexual function in both countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disclosures with significant health and wellness implications should be made with clear reference to peer reviewed science. Wider application of purpose-designed health literacy tools could improve measures of readability, actionability and understandability. International collaborations may provide opportunities to develop more comprehensive and patient-centred education materials to improve provider-to-patient knowledge translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of residents' perceptions of shared decision-making, patient-centered communication, and reactions to uncertainty.","authors":"Anna M Kerr, Charee M Thompson, Claire A Stewart, Alexander Rakowsky","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2508359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2508359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Managing uncertainty is an essential element of patient-centered communication (PCC) and shared decision making (SDM), yet we know little about how residents' reactions to uncertainty are related to their perceptions of their ability to engage in these important activities. This longitudinal study assesses whether residents' self-perceived PCC and SDM skills are associated with their reactions to uncertainty throughout residency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected using a three-year, longitudinal survey of two cohorts of pediatric residents. Before each year of residency, residents self-reported PCC behaviors (information exchange and socioemotional communication), SDM skills, and general intolerance of uncertainty, and context-specific reactions to uncertainty in patient care. 100 residents completed Phase I (intern year), 61 residents completed Phase II (second year), and 53 residents completed Phase III (third year).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety from uncertainty and reluctance to disclose uncertainty to parents were significant, negative predictors of SDM perceptions at each phase. Anxiety from uncertainty negatively predicted PCC information-related behaviors (seeking, giving, and verifying) at each phase, but not socioemotional communication. At each phase, concerns for bad outcomes only significantly predicted information giving. Tolerance of uncertainty was not a significant predictor of SDM perceptions or any of the four dimensions of PCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residents with stronger negative reactions to uncertainty reported poorer self-perceptions of patient-centered communication and shared decision making over the course of residency. Thus, residency programs should implement training that normalizes conversations about uncertainty and identifies strategies for PCC and SDM in situations of clinical uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patriarchal dominance and relationship: couple communication's mediating effect on sexual and reproductive health outcomes among Rohingya refugee women.","authors":"Muhammad Zakaria, Muhammad Aminul Islam, Md Khadimul Islam, Muhammad Ridwan Mostafa, Aklima Begum, Kazi Mehedi Hasan","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2496014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2496014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the patriarchal dominance, power dynamics, and relational issues in the Rohingya society, this study used dyadic power theory and social penetration theory to examine how husbands' dominance in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and couples' disclosure influence their couple communication about SRH. It also explored the mediated effect of couple communication on their SRH-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quantitative study was designed with a cross-sectional survey (<i>N</i> = 408) at the Rohingya refugee camp in Cox's Bazar district of Bangladesh. Different bivariate analyses, hierarchical regression, and mediation analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings show that having a job, having less children, couple's regular access to the health center, better SRH-related perceptions and beliefs, having husband's approval of family planning (FP), and broad couple relationship breadth appeared to be significant factors (<i>p</i> < .001) of couple communication regarding SRH. Additionally, couple communication significantly (<i>p</i> < .001) mediated the influence of the husband's approval of FP and couples' broad relational breadth on women's contraceptive use, SRH behavior, and husbands' support in SRH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study findings highlight that couple communication can potentially involve men in women's SRH and improve refugee women's SRH status, as husbands are the key decision-makers in the Rohingya society.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring empathy's role as a buffer against physician burnout: a narrative review.","authors":"Beatriz Pires, Miguel Barbosa","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2488071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2488071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High prevalence of burnout among physicians, along with its widely acknowledged detrimental effects on the doctor-patient relationship and the quality of care delivered, underscores a critical concern. Empathy is frequently linked to burnout, yet a consensus regarding the interplay between these concepts remains elusive. This narrative review aims to synthesize and interpret existing research on the relationship between empathy and burnout in physicians, with a particular focus on evaluating whether empathy serves as a protective factor against burnout.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across three databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, using the keywords 'empathy' AND 'burnout' AND 'doctors' OR 'physicians.' Studies were included if they assessed the correlation between burnout and empathy in specialist or resident physicians, specifically using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy to measure empathy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 14 studies. Of these, 12 studies identified a negative correlation between empathy and burnout. Notably, 9 of these studies demonstrated that higher levels of empathy were associated with reduced levels of burnout. Conversely, 3 studies found that increased burnout levels were linked to a decrease in empathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The literature indicates a negative correlation between empathy and burnout, with the majority of the included studies suggesting that empathy serves as a protective factor against burnout. This relationship highlights the potential value of empathy-enhancing interventions as a strategy to mitigate burnout among physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'But you don't look sick:' hypothyroid narratives shared on Instagram.","authors":"Cristina De León-Menjivar","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2491965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2491965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study focused on how narratives with hypothyroidism are rhetorically constructed in online spaces, specifically, on Instagram. Currently, hypothyroid patients represent the majority of the approximately 20 million Americans with thyroid disease, and the use of Instagram as a platform allows for unique, multimodal rhetorical constructions that focus on visual narratives and reveal how thyroid patients understand themselves, their condition, and their standing in institutional settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a phenomenological approach, five public Instagram accounts owned and maintained by thyroid patient advocates who have 'influencer' status were identified. From these accounts, 100 posts were analyzed that specifically discuss major phenomena in the life of a thyroid patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although each patient-advocate had their own style when creating posts, they are united in their pursuit of promoting community-building and institutional change through digital activism founded on narrating experiences dealing with hypothyroidism. Furthermore, their choice to focus on visual story-telling through Instagram posts emphasizes the way that invisible illnesses are continuously mischaracterized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that patient-advocates' narrative posts highlight the variance in which hypothyroidism presents, which may contribute to misunderstandings surrounding the condition and others like it in and out of clinical spaces. The choice to use social media to present these messages to the thyroid community and the public is significant because it illustrates the desire for change through a participatory culture mediated through digital activism. Furthermore, using social media presents a way to relay these narratives outside of institutional barriers and rebuke.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online community discourse on spinal cord injury research.","authors":"Salwa B A Malhas, Tanya A Barretto, Judy Illes","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2491968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2491968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Public perceptions of spinal cord injury (SCI) research can influence trust in scientific advancements and therapeutic interventions. Social media is a useful tool to provide insight into these perceptions and related values. This study examines comments to posts pertaining to SCI research reports on a widely used social media platform.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used search term 'spinal cord injury' to collect posts and associated top-level comments spanning 2016-2023 from Reddit. Posts were included if they contained research reports on one of the following SCI interventions: biologic and synthetic materials; devices and technologies; physical and behavioral interventions; and pharmacological treatments. Each unique comment per Reddit post was coded for user self-identification, format, intervention, topic, and tone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We retrieved and analyzed 994 comments from 24 posts<b><i>.</i></b> Key topics of interest were: scientific progress (52%, 514/994), study details (30%, 301/994), and ethical implications (24%, 237/994) across interventions. Comments were generally neutral in tone. Fifty-four comments were made by users who self-identified as persons with lived experience of a spinal cord-related condition. Ethics-related comments (237/994) were focused on the themes of access (35%, 84/237) and beneficence (24%, 58/237).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SCI community is actively using the social media platform Reddit to seek information about research and its ethical dimensions. Across users, a significant proportion of comments are on research progress, ethics and study information. The largest proportion of ethics-focused comments by self-identifiers are on agency, and then equally on access, values, and resilience; ethics-related comments by non-self-identifiers focus on access, and beneficence.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the web and language accessibility of medical tourism providers' websites: implications for online marketing and patient recruitment practices.","authors":"Alicia Mason, Elizabeth Spencer, Kristen Livingston, Treyton Meyers","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2487376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2487376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Web accessibility as an attribute of the digital presence of organizations has been studied across domains and contexts. Our study aims to add to existing lines of research inquiry by examining the web and language accessibility of medical tourism provider (MTP) websites commonly used to market and promote international medical tourism treatments and services globally.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to (1) systematically analyze the web and language accessibility of MTP online health messages and (2) discuss challenges and implications for medical tourists' user experiences when seeking health information online.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted an exploratory quantitative content analysis of web and language accessibility utilizing computer-assisted technology to systematically evaluate the home pages of international MTP websites (<i>n = </i>125) representing all six WHO Regions of Health.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Results show the problematic integration of CAPTCHA on 30% of the website home pages which are known accessibility barriers. Furthermore, 87% of the providers offered no accessibility policy statements to the users. The analysis revealed that nearly 70% of the MTPs averaged 6 or more WCAG 2.1 Level AA accessibility errors on the home page of the providers' websites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inaccessible online health information can amplify this vulnerability and exacerbate the existing digital divide experienced by prospective medical tourists. When medical tourism providers (MTPs) effectively communicate with global audiences by offering accessible and inclusive digital content, they enhance their reach and credibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of CDC and AI-generated health information using computer-aided text analysis.","authors":"Anna Young, Foluke Omosun","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2487378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2487378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AI-generated content is easy to access. Members of the public use it as an alternative or to supplement official sources, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, the quality and reliability of AI-generated health information is questionable. This study aims to understand how AI-generated health information differs from that provided by the CDC, particularly in terms of sentiment, readability, and overall quality. Language expectancy theory serves as a framework and offers insights into how people's expectations of message content from different sources can influence perceived credibility and persuasiveness of such information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Computer-aided text analysis was used to analyze 20 text entries from the CDC and 20 entries generated by ChatGPT 3.5. Content analysis utilizing human coders was used to assess the quality of information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT used more negative sentiments, particularly words associated with anger, sadness, and disgust. The CDC's health messages were significantly easier to read than those generated by ChatGPT. Furthermore, ChatGPT's responses required a higher reading grade level. In terms of quality, the CDC's information was a little higher quality than that of ChatGPT, with significant differences in DISCERN scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Public health professionals need to educate the general public about the complexity and quality of AI-generated health information. Health literacy programs should address topics about quality and readability of AI-generated content. Other recommendations for using AI-generated health information are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A health literate evaluation of a reproductive health education program for young men with sickle cell disease.","authors":"Megan M Griffith, Joseph Walden, Sophia M Liles, Zachary A Colton, Mary Ann Abrams, Ben McCorkle, Albert Phillips, Toyetta Barnard-Kirk, Leena Nahata, Susan E Creary","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2490419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2490419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health literacy (HL) is known to be low among those with sickle cell disease (SCD). Reproductive health knowledge gaps exist among those with SCD, which drove the research team to create an education tool for adolescent males entitled, 'Fertility edUcaTion to Understand ReproductivE health in Sickle cell disease' (FUTURES) in 2023. This study sought to evaluate and revise FUTURES using HL tools and a community-advised review to improve clarity, understandability, actionability, and relatability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four evaluators conducted a HL assessment of the original and revised FUTURES programs using the Patient Education Assessment Tool for Audio/Visual Materials (PEMAT-AV) and the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clear Communication Index (CDC-CCI-modified). Paired samples t-tests were used to compare PEMAT-AV and CDC-CCI-modified scores between the original and revised versions of FUTURES. Community advisory board feedback identified opportunities to improve program design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HL assessment revealed high HL demand of the original FUTURES program. The revised program had significantly higher understandability and clarity scores and was re-designed to be more engaging and representative of the intended audience. However, the CDC-CCI-modified score fell below the recommended threshold and actionability remained unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study outlined an approach that prioritized HL and community voices when revising an education tool, which could be used in future efforts to design accessible and relatable patient education materials for this population and others. More work is needed to evaluate the impact of the HL revision process on patient knowledge and outcomes for this and other at-risk patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating health information at the community level in Nigeria: examining common practices and challenges.","authors":"Akogwu James Abah, Enyi Etiaba, Obinna Onwujekwe","doi":"10.1080/17538068.2025.2487380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2025.2487380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Communicating health information at the community level is a vital strategy in managing community health issues in Africa. This study examines the different practices of communicating health information towards improving community health in Nigeria, and how effective they have been. The social cognitive theory (SCT) provides the conceptual framework for the study.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A qualitative study was carried out in three states from three out of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The states were Akwa Ibom State (South-south), Anambra State (South-east) and Kano State(North-west). The primary data for the study were collected from a diverse group of stakeholders cutting across community leaders, policy-makers, and informal and formal health providers, using ninety in-depth interviews and twelve Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Thematic analysis was used to explore the data.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Different practices of communicating health information in Nigeria include organizing meetings among community members, training community health workers, data/records management, community collaboration for health, use of educational institutions, and community advocacy. The study identified inadequate finance, shortage of manpower, lack of motivation and cultural beliefs as barriers to effective practices of communicating health information at the community level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are unsystematic and sub-optimal communications of health information at the community level, which can militate against such information and hinder the effective delivery of health programmes to communities. Hence, health communication and promotional interventions should align with the needs of the communities, encompassing their structural, cultural, social, religious and economic systems.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>LGAs: Local Governments Areas; CDC: Centre for Disease Control; FMOH: Federal Ministry of Health; IDIs: In-depth Interviews; CSOs: Civil Societies Organisations; FGDs: Focus Group Discussions; UNTH: University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital; CGW: Community Group for Women; R: Respondent; OIC: official-in-charge; WDC: Ward Development Chairman; TBAs: Traditional Birth Attendants; IHP: Informal Health Provider; HMIS: Health Management Information System; PMV: Patent Medicine Vendor; HIV: Human Immune Virus; NGOs: Non-governmental Organisation; CL: Community Leader; HRH: Human Resources for Health; PHC: Primary Health Care; USAID: United States Agency for International Development; WHO: World Health Organization; OO: Obinna Onwujekwe; EE: Enyi Etiaba; AJA: kogwu James Abah; HPRG: Health Policy Research Group.</p>","PeriodicalId":38052,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}