Addictive Behaviors Reports最新文献

{"title":"A novel, multi-component contingency management intervention in the context of a syndemic of drug-related harms in Glasgow, Scotland: First year of the ‘WAND’ initiative","authors":"S. Smith ,&nbsp;K.M.A. Trayner ,&nbsp;J. Campbell ,&nbsp;A. McAuley ,&nbsp;J. Craik ,&nbsp;C. Hunter ,&nbsp;S. Priyadarshi ,&nbsp;S.J. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To address high levels of drug-related harms among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Glasgow, a novel contingency management intervention was developed to engage high-risk PWID with four harm reduction measures (known as the WAND initiative: <strong>W</strong>ound care, <strong>A</strong>ssessment of injecting, <strong>N</strong>aloxone, and <strong>D</strong>ried blood-spot test). Our aims were to assess if WAND engaged and re-engaged high-risk PWID.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Baseline data of WAND participants (n = 831) from 1st Sept-2020 to 30th Aug-2021 were analysed. For those who took part in the first six months, extent of re-engagement was determined and, among those re-engaged, intervention coverage was compared between baseline and final engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among those who first engaged in WAND from Sept 2020-Feb 2021 (n = 546), 40 % re-engaged by Aug 2021. Compared to those who engaged once (n = 321), those who re-engaged (n = 215) within one year had higher baseline prevalence of injecting risk behaviours such as injecting daily (56 % vs 64 %, p = 0.032), injecting away from home (42 % vs 52 %, p = 0.0179), injecting cocaine (56 % vs 75 %, p &lt; 0.001), having an SSTI (40 % vs 60 %, p &lt; 0.001), and been prescribed naloxone (57 % vs 72 %, p &lt; 0.001). For those who re-engaged six months to one year after initial engagement (n = 107), there was a significant increase in having a BBV test in the last six months (61 % to 81 %, p = 0.003) and carrying naloxone (22 % to 32 %, p = 0.011).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>WAND was able to engage and re-engage large numbers of high-risk PWID with multiple harm reduction initiatives. These findings suggest contingency management could be a useful tool for harm reduction services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between proactive e-alcohol therapy and symptoms of anxiety or/and depression: Post-hoc analyses from a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Kia Kejlskov Egan ,&nbsp;Veronica Pisinger ,&nbsp;Ulrik Becker ,&nbsp;Janne Schurmann Tolstrup","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with problematic alcohol use often face anxiety and depressive symptoms, which can hinder treatment engagement, compliance, and effectiveness. Psychosocial therapy through video conference (e-alcohol therapy) may reduce these barriers. We explored whether 1) anxiety or/and depressive symptoms modify the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy on treatment initiation, compliance, and alcohol intake, 2) proactive e-alcohol therapy impacts anxiety or/and depressive symptoms compared to standard care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with problematic alcohol use were recruited online and randomly assigned to proactive e-alcohol therapy or standard care. Problematic alcohol use was defined by an 8+ score on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>356 individuals participated; 133 showed moderate-severe symptoms of anxiety and depression at baseline. There were no significant differences between individuals with and without moderate-severe anxiety or/and depressive symptoms in the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy versus standard care on treatment initiation (3 mo: p = 0.64; 12 mo: p = 0.97), compliance (3 mo: p = 0.40; 12 mo: p = 0.58), or alcohol intake (3 mo: p = 0.86; 12 mo: p = 0.90). No significant differences were found in the proportion of participants with moderate-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms between the two intervention groups after 3 months (OR 0.6; 95 % CI 0.3 to 1.4; p = 0.27).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found no evidence that anxiety or/and depressive symptoms modify the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy on treatment initiation, compliance, or alcohol intake. Proactive e-alcohol therapy matched standard care in reducing anxiety or/and depressive symptoms over a 3-month follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine and cannabis vaping among early high school adolescents: Disparities of use across sociodemographic characteristics and associations with psychosocial factors","authors":"Christine M. Steeger ,&nbsp;Charleen J. Gust ,&nbsp;Alyssa F. Harlow ,&nbsp;Christopher Cambron ,&nbsp;Jessica Barrington-Trimis ,&nbsp;Katie Massey Combs ,&nbsp;Ashley Brooks-Russell ,&nbsp;Karl G. Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Objective.</strong> This study examines whether adolescent nicotine and cannabis vaping types (i.e., nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual use) differ across sociodemographic and school characteristics (e.g., age, gender, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status [SES], school setting/type), and associations of vaping types with psychosocial factors. <strong>Methods.</strong> From 2021 to 2022, 9th and 10th grade adolescents (N = 2,476) in Colorado and Ohio participated in a survey measuring vaping behaviors and psychosocial factors including substance use attitudes, alcohol use, mental health, aggression, and family and school risk and protective factors. <strong>Results.</strong> Past month vaping prevalence was 89.7 % for non-use, 5.9 % for nicotine-only, 1.0 % for cannabis-only, and 3.4 % for dual use. Chi-square tests of independence showed several significant sociodemographic differences for past month vaping: higher nicotine-only vaping prevalence for females (vs. males) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), higher nicotine-only and dual vaping prevalence for LGB+ (vs. heterosexual) youth (<em>p</em>s &lt; 0.01), higher dual vaping prevalence for Hispanic and multiethnic (vs. White) adolescents (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and higher nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual vaping prevalence for lower (vs. higher) mother education (<em>p</em>s &lt; 0.001). Regression models examining associations between vaping types (vs. non-use) and psychosocial factors indicated a robust pattern of worse levels of substance use attitudes, alcohol use, mental health, aggression, and family and school factors for nicotine-only and dual users. Results followed a similar pattern but to a lesser degree for cannabis-only users. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Findings identify characteristics of adolescents who may be particularly vulnerable to higher vaping risk (females, LGB+, Hispanic, multiethnic, low SES) and suggest needs for preventive interventions aimed to reduce all types of vaping for better adolescent behavioral health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency care utilization in persons with substance related diagnoses","authors":"Wayne Kepner ,&nbsp;Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak ,&nbsp;Nora Satybaldiyeva ,&nbsp;Rekha Narasimhan ,&nbsp;Carla B. Marienfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Substance use is a significant contributor to emergency department (ED) visits. Little is known about ED utilization patterns of individuals with substance related diagnosis (SRD). We used electronic health records (EHR) from a large healthcare system in California to examine ED healthcare utilization and socio-demographic characteristics of individuals with SRDs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used EHR data on all adult patients in our health system from April 2012 through September 2019 to conduct adjusted logistic regression models to determine socio-demographic correlates of SRDs (e.g., use, misuse, dependence) and associations between having an SRD and receiving emergency care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the sample (n = 342,651), the majority were female (55.08 %), Non-Hispanic White (58.10 %), with mean age of 48.26 (SD = 18.10), and there were 18,015 (5.26 %) individuals with an SRD. Patients with an alcohol-related diagnosis had the highest odds of visiting the ED (aOR = 3.75), followed by those with opioid (aOR = 3.57) and stimulant-related diagnoses (aOR = 3.48). Individuals with an SRD were more likely to identify as male, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, have no health insurance, and have a serious mental illness. In the adjusted model, those with an SRD were significantly more likely to have ever received emergency care (aOR 3.72 [95 % CI 3.62–3.84]) than those without an SRD.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our study found an association between having an SRD and utilizing emergency health services. Demographic characteristics suggest disparities exist for those with SRDs around gender, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and mental health. These data can help with screening and targeted responses to prevent or provide emergency care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, and polysubstance use disparities among sexual identity groups of US young adult women and men","authors":"Erin A. Vogel ,&nbsp;Katelyn F. Romm ,&nbsp;Carla J. Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) display higher rates of polysubstance use (i.e., current use of multiple substances) than their heterosexual peers, but limited research has explored differences by gender and specific sexual identity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Latent class analyses (LCAs) examined past-month use of combustible tobacco (i.e., cigarettes, cigars, hookah), e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol among 2,343 YAs (<em>M</em>_age = 24.69, SD = 4.70; 57.4 % women, 42.6 % men; 18.0 % bisexual, 9.4 % gay or lesbian; 36.2% racial/ethnic minority) residing in 6 US metropolitan areas. Multinomial logistic regressions examined associations among sexual identity (bisexual, gay/lesbian, heterosexual) and polysubstance use classes among women (<em>n</em> = 1,345) and men (<em>n</em> = 998), separately.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LCA yielded a 5-class solution: primarily-alcohol use (29.5%), polysubstance use (i.e., use of all 4 substances, 24.3%), non-use (18.1%), cannabis and alcohol co-use (16.3%), and e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use (11.8%). Bisexual and lesbian (vs. heterosexual) women displayed lower odds of primarily-alcohol use, whereas bisexual (vs. heterosexual) women displayed higher odds of polysubstance use, as well as e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use. Bisexual (vs. heterosexual) men displayed lower odds of primarily-alcohol use, whereas gay (vs. heterosexual) men displayed lower odds of polysubstance use, as well as e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bisexual women were at greatest risk for polysubstance use of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol, whereas bisexual and gay men were at lower risk than heterosexual men for polysubstance use. Results underscore the need for tailored interventions and campaigns to consider patterns of co-occurring tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use, particularly for bisexual women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of provoked stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in individuals with alcohol use disorder","authors":"Florent Wyckmans ,&nbsp;Armand Chatard ,&nbsp;Charles Kornreich ,&nbsp;Damien Gruson ,&nbsp;Nemat Jaafari ,&nbsp;Xavier Noël","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>From both clinical and theoretical perspectives, understanding the functionality of evaluative reinforcement learning mechanisms (Model-Free, MF, and Model-Based, MB) under provoked stress, particularly in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is crucial yet underexplored. This study aims to evaluate whether individuals with AUD who do not seek treatment show a greater tendency towards retrospective behaviors (MF) rather than prospective and deliberative simulations (MB) compared to controls. Additionally, it examines the impact of induced social stress on these decision-making processes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort comprising 117 participants, including 55 individuals with AUD and 62 controls, was examined. Acute social stress was induced through the socially evaluated cold pressor task (SECPT), followed by engagement in a Two-Step Markov task to assess MB and MF learning tendencies. We measured hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis stress response using salivary cortisol levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed similar baseline cortisol levels and responses to the SECPT. Our findings indicate that participants with AUD exhibit a reduced reliance on MB strategies compared to those without AUD. Furthermore, stress decreases reliance on MB strategies in healthy participants, but this effect is not observed in those with AUD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An atypical pattern of stress modulation impacting the balance between MB and MF reinforcement learning was identified in individuals with AUD who are not seeking treatment. Potential explanations for these findings and their clinical implications are explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risky sexual behavior in Veterans seeking substance use and mental health treatment","authors":"Joseph W. Tu ,&nbsp;Rachael J. Shaw ,&nbsp;Autumn Rae Florimbio ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn McCarthy ,&nbsp;Erin E. Bonar ,&nbsp;Stephen T. Chermack ,&nbsp;Jamie J. Winters ,&nbsp;Maureen A. Walton ,&nbsp;Minden B. Sexton","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Veterans in the United States are at an elevated risk for substance use and risky sexual behaviors, either of which may function as coping responses to trauma exposure. The current study examined risky sexual behaviors in a sample of Veterans seeking therapy to reduce substance use behaviors and mental health symptoms as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Self-report measures assessed substance use behaviors, PTSD, and risky sexual behaviors. Veterans (<em>N</em> = 834) were mostly male (93.4 %) and White (71.6 %) with an average age of 48.25 years. In the past 30 days, 50.5 % of Veterans had sex and 57.3 % of Veterans reported at least one day of heavy drinking. Among Veterans who had a regular sexual partner, 84.9 % did not always use a condom, whereas 77.1 % of Veterans who had a casual partner did not always use a condom. Of Veterans who endorsed sex in the past month, 49 % had a sexual encounter while intoxicated from alcohol and/or drugs, an outcome that was significantly associated with heavy drinking via multiple regression analysis. Nevertheless, other forms of risky sexual behavior (i.e., number of sexual partners and condom use) were not significantly associated with heavy drinking. Further, risky sexual behaviors were not directly associated with PTSD symptoms. Findings suggest that despite the high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors, these behaviors among this sample of treatment-seeking Veterans may be explained by other unexplored factors. Future research is necessary to explore alternative explanations for these behaviors to inform interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensionality and validity of the Gambling Motives Questionnaire – Financial among lottery loyalty program participants","authors":"Jihyeong Jeong,&nbsp;Paul Sacco","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial (GMQ-F) measures four gambling motives and these overlapping constructs may be distinct but also represent an overall gambling motivation. Thus, this study examined the scale’s factor structure by testing multiple-factor model configurations and then analyzing the association between these constructs and a problem gambling assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from a lottery loyalty program in a Midwestern state in the United States were analyzed (<em>n</em> = 6847). The dimensionality of the GMQ-F was tested using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) comparing three different models. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to assess the association between gambling motives using the best fitting model in the CFAs and problem gambling severity measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Bifactor indices suggested limited multidimensionality with most of the variance explained by overall gambling motives, and limited variances explained by specific motives except financial motives. In the SEM, general motives were associated with a higher PGSI score. Social motives were associated with a lower PGSI score, while coping motives were associated with a higher score. Enhancement and financial motives showed no associations with PGSI scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings support the value of the GMQ-F as an instrument for measuring gambling motivation, with the caveat that the types of motivations or subscales are highly correlated. Future research should explore the financial gain as a distinct motivation for gambling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do we need urine drug screens in opioid addiction treatment: An observational study on self-report versus urine drug screens","authors":"Alannah McEvoy ,&nbsp;Myanca Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Brittany B Dennis ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Hudson ,&nbsp;David C. Marsh ,&nbsp;Andrew Worster ,&nbsp;Lehana Thabane ,&nbsp;Zainab Samaan","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The substance use crisis continues to progress. Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) are prescribed to reduce opioid use and related harms; however, many individuals continue to use substances while on treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and demographic trends of the agreement between self-reported and urine tested substances.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study is a retrospective secondary analysis of three phases of a prospective cohort study (Pilot 2011, Genetics of opioid addiction (GENOA) 2013–2017, and Pharmacogenetics of opioid substitution treatment (POST)) 2018–2022) spanning 2011–2022. We compared the self-reported substance use data for opioids, benzodiazepines, amphetamine/methamphetamine (AMP/MET), and cocaine with urine drug results. We compared the positive predictive value (PPV), false omission rate (FOR), sensitivity, and specificity between (i) different drugs; (ii) by sex, and (iii) age group at enrollment in each phase of the study using self-reported substance use at baseline and retrospective electronic health record data on urine drug screenings collected over the same time period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, the average PPV and FOR for any drug across all phases was 80.7 % and 37.9 %, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were highest for cocaine and lowest for benzodiazepines. We found no specific trend by sex. Lastly, we found a higher sensitivity for opioids and AMP/MET in those under 25 years of age compared to other age groups. PPV increased over time for benzodiazepines, AMP/MET and cocaine and FOR was higher during the pilot and POST phases than the GENOA phase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study highlights the unique challenges associated with ascertaining substance use behaviour for individuals receiving MOUD, indicating many patients will accurately report substance use while others do not. It is therefore important to consider the context of the patient, and the type of the co-substance used to select patient-centred testing as indicated. Therefore, the answer to the question of do we need urine drug screen is yes in some cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic factors associated with substance use disorder relapse: A critical review","authors":"Noora Al-Marzooqi ,&nbsp;Hanan Al-Suhail ,&nbsp;Mohammad O. AlRefai ,&nbsp;Hamid A Alhaj","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the elevated substance use disorder (SUD) relapse vulnerability, yet a comprehensive investigation into these factors is lacking. This review aims to delve into current literature to highlight key genomic factors associated with SUD relapse.</div><div>Focusing on genetic predisposition and epigenetic modifications the review synthesized research findings of several genetic polymorphisms, histone modifications and DNA methylation patterns contributing to the initiation of SUD and the elevated relapse susceptibility. Notably, specific gene polymorphisms, such as Dopamine Receptor D2 gene (DRD2), Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Alpha gene (GABRA2), Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) gene and others were identified to be connected to various patterns of SUD relapse. Furthermore, SUD initiation and relapse has been shown to be influenced by epigenetics. Specifically, CpG hypermethylation has been associated with severe alcohol use disorder in the 5′ untranslated region of the Bladder Cancer Associated Protein gene (BLCAP) and the upstream region of the Active BCR Related gene (ABR). Co-users of cannabis and tobacco showed notable variations in CpG site methylation, especially at the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AHRR), and factor II receptor-like 3 gene sites (F2RL3).</div><div>In conclusion, there is good evidence of certain associations between genomic factors and relapse to SUD. However, further research is needed to ascertain causality effects of these factors and develop novel interventions for effective treatment and relapse prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}