Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra最新文献

{"title":"The Utility of CSF Biomarkers in Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease: A Thai Cohort Study.","authors":"Witsarut Nanthasi, Chatchawan Rattanabannakit, Natthamon Wongkom, Pathitta Dujada, Atthapon Raksthaput, Sunisa Chaichanettee, Paphawadee Phoyoo, Leatchai Wachirutmanggur, Seong Soo A An, Vorapun Senanarong","doi":"10.1159/000548539","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cutoff values for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers vary by analytic technique and population, which complicates the differentiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from non-AD dementias. We aimed to establish local cerebrospinal fluid biomarker cutoffs within a Thai cohort.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We recruited 68 patients with various forms of dementia from the Memory Clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Each patient underwent clinical subtyping for dementia, and their cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ42, p-tau181, and t-tau were quantified using the Fujirebio INNOTEST ELISA. We then employed a data-driven approach, specifically a Z-score-based Gaussian Mixture Model, to define intersection cutoffs for Aβ42, p-tau181, t-tau, and the p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio. These established biomarker cutoffs were subsequently incorporated with clinical manifestations to refine the clinicobiological diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study included 67 patients (mean age 65.5 ± 7.4 years, 61.2% female). Using a data-driven approach, we established the following CSF biomarker cutoffs for identifying AD in this Thai cohort: Aβ42 at 492.67 pg/mL, p-tau181 at 44.00 pg/mL, t-tau at 545.97 pg/mL, and the p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio at 0.057. After incorporating these CSF biomarker results with clinical profiles, the diagnoses changed in 17.9% of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, CSF cutoffs for differentiating AD from non-AD dementia were established through a data-driven approach, which has been demonstrated as a valid alternative methodology. The integration of clinical and biological profiles is paramount in achieving accurate dementia diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"162-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12659453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Best Practice for People with Frontotemporal Dementia in Norway: A Focus Group Study with Expert Healthcare Personnel.","authors":"Marit Mjørud, Anne-Brita Knapskog, Marit Nåvik, Janne Røsvik","doi":"10.1159/000548376","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frontotemporal symptoms are usually associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but people with all forms of dementia may develop these symptoms as the dementia disease progresses. Knowledge about psychosocial interventions that meet the needs of people with FTD symptoms, and literature on the subject, is hard to find. The aim of the study was to describe current practice as it is experienced by healthcare experts in the clinical field in Norway.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Three focus groups were conducted. Healthcare personnel with clinical experience in care and treatment to people with FTD and other dementia diseases with frontotemporal symptoms were eligible for inclusion. Qualitative directed content analysis with open coding focusing on both manifest and latent content was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four categories were described: (1) Dilemmas of anosognosia, (2) establishment of a diagnosis, (3) establishment of post-diagnostic support at home, and (4) establishment of care in the nursing home.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>People with FTD and other dementias with frontotemporal symptoms need rigid, easy-to-understand, predictable surroundings and healthcare personnel that are clear, friendly, and respectful in their communication. Post-diagnostic support provided in flexible systems ensuring smooth transitions between services and levels of care is required. To ensure quality of care, frontline healthcare staff should be able to recognize FTD symptoms. To achieve this, supervision and training are needed. More research about clinical care interventions and how to derive good nursing practice should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12659165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele on Cognition and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels in the Plasma Membrane of Red Blood Cells in Healthy Elderly Japanese Population.","authors":"Michio Hashimoto, Kentaro Matsuzaki, Chikashi Matsuda, Harumi Wakatsuki, Shahdat Hossain, Miho Ohno, Setsushi Kato, Shuzo Ohata, Kazuya Yamashita, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nagai, Osamu Shido","doi":"10.1159/000548369","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE4) gene is a well-known risk factor for the onset and development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipid metabolism also plays a key role in AD. However, data on the association between APOE4, cognitive function, and blood lipid metabolism, particularly fatty acid metabolism, in the healthy elderly Japanese population are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the baseline data of 506 healthy elderly Japanese individuals (mean age: 73 ± 0.4 years) from Shimane Prefecture, Japan, who participated in six intervention trials conducted between 2008 and 2020. Among them, participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were divided into the following two groups: APOE4 carriers (<i>n</i> = 104) and noncarriers (<i>n</i> = 321).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the noncarriers, the APOE4 carriers had significantly lower scores in the \"recalling five objects\" sub-item of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale-Revised and longer total times in the Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version. The ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-to-arachidonic acid was significantly decreased, and the erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA levels tended to be reduced in APOE4 carriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest a possible association between the APOE4 allele and reduced erythrocyte EPA and DHA levels, even in healthy elderly Japanese individuals with high ω-3 fatty acid intake. Such alterations in lipid metabolism may be linked to cognitive vulnerability in older adults and individuals with MCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"140-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12659203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Physical Activity in Individuals with Comorbid Cancer and Dementia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Marie Mclaughlin, Nilihan E M Sanal-Hayes","doi":"10.1159/000547553","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Comorbid cancer and dementia, which share common risk factors and significantly burden the healthcare system, affect a growing number of individuals, especially the ageing population. As both conditions place a substantial burden on healthcare systems and may be underdiagnosed, there is an urgent need to explore effective management strategies, including the potential benefits of physical activity, which has shown promise in mitigating cognitive decline and improving physical function in both cancer and dementia populations. This scoping review aimed to explore the current knowledge of physical activity for individuals with comorbid cancer and dementia, identifying gaps in understanding and highlighting the need for future research in this area.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This scoping review followed the 5-stage framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, with a focus on identifying the effects of physical activity on individuals with comorbid cancer and dementia. The review involved a comprehensive search across multiple databases, selecting relevant studies based on predefined criteria, and summarizing key findings to highlight research gaps and inform future studies. Out of 263 records identified from multiple databases, none were retained for full-text screening due to exclusions based on review articles, non-human participants, lack of comorbid cancer-dementia, and absence of a physical activity/exercise component.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>There is a significant gap in research on physical activity in individuals with comorbid cancer and dementia. Future studies are essential to explore the impact of exercise on the development and outcomes of these conditions, which could improve preventative strategies and care pathways for this growing population.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Patterns of Cerebral Blood Flow in Alzheimer's Disease Identified by the Subtype and Stage Inference Algorithm.","authors":"Miho Ota, Kenjiro Nakayama, Ayako Kitabatake, Takumi Takahashi, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Tetsuaki Arai","doi":"10.1159/000547113","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Much research has focused on the deposition of amyloid and tau proteins in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, but many amyloid and tau models assumed a single spatial progression of amyloid and tau accumulation. We estimated the changing patterns of an indirect biomarker, i.e., the cerebral blood flow (CBF), in AD, and we discuss the pathological process of AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 341 patients who visited our hospital's outpatient department for memory loss (146 males, 195 females): 115 diagnosed with AD, 176 diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, and 50 diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline. For the evaluation of disease-related changes in their CBF, the patients underwent 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography scans. We differentiated the subtypes of CBF in AD by using a machine-learning algorithm called the \"Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn)\"algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When we divided the data into two groups, the SuStaIn algorithm identified two different CBF subtypes: the typical AD pattern and a cortical pattern with hippocampal sparing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed two subtypes of the pattern of change in the CBF of individuals with AD, and these subtypes were highly similar to previous findings derived from SuStaIn algorithm applied differing neuroimaging modalities. Such subtyping derived from CBF imaging might have clinical utility in the treatment of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical Treatment of People with Dementia during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Germany: Polypharmacy, Anticholinergic Medication, and Antidementia Medication.","authors":"Jennifer Scheel-Barteit, Caroline Floto, Henrike Höpfner, Thomas Kühlein, Ildikó Gágyor, Jochen Gensichen, Anita Hausen, Michael Hoelscher, Christian Janke, Armin Nassehi, Daniel Teupser, Tobias Dreischulte, Maria Sebastião","doi":"10.1159/000546708","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dementia patients are at increased risk of polypharmacy and inappropriate medication, exacerbating cognitive decline. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic constrained access to medical care and monitoring services for dementia patients, potentially worsening medication-related issues. We analyzed the medical treatment of dementia patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Bavaria, particularly regarding polypharmacy, anticholinergic medication, and antidementia medication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Bavarian Ambulatory COVID-19 Monitor (BaCoM) is a longitudinal registry study conducted in Bavaria, Germany. Participants in need of nursing care with baseline data during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were included in our detailed analysis (<i>N</i> = 345, dementia sample <i>n</i> = 96 with a dementia diagnosis and/or antidementia medication treatment). Descriptive statistics and group comparisons (dementia vs. non-dementia sample; within the dementia sample: participants with vs. without antidementia medication; participants with vs. without anticholinergic medication in both the non-dementia sample and the dementia sample) are provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the dementia sample, 91.7% of the patients received ≥4 medications (polypharmacy), 21.9% even ≥10 medications. Prescription of ≥1 anticholinergic medications was found in 65.6% and prescription of ≥1 antidementia medications in 31.2% of the dementia sample. Persons with versus without anticholinergic medication did not differ from each other in group comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite known risks and adverse effects, polypharmacy as well as the use of anticholinergic and antidementia medication were common among individuals with dementia. Compared to pre-pandemic studies, levels of polypharmacy and anticholinergic medication but not of antidementia medication appeared slightly elevated in people with dementia. Because of the associated risks, polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication require regular review (and when possible reduction) in people with dementia. In crisis situations like a pandemic, an outreach approach might be necessary for this patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Care Pathway for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Korea: A Survey of Dementia Specialists.","authors":"Seong Hye Choi, YongSoo Shim, SangYun Kim, Dong Won Yang, Kee Hyung Park, JinRan Kim, Young Chul Youn","doi":"10.1159/000546791","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a loss of memory or other cognitive function while maintaining the ability to independently perform most activities of daily living. This study assessed how Korean specialists in dementia care diagnosed and treated patients with MCI symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire on the current management of MCI was developed by 6 experts in MCI care. Specialists in MCI care (<i>n</i> = 24: 14 neurologists/10 psychiatrists) verbally answered questions relating to their experience/views in caring for MCI patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents diagnosed MCI using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (79%) and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease - Korea (21%) neuropsychological battery tests. All or nearly all respondents also assessed patients with Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental ADL tests. All respondents used MRI or CT for differential diagnosis of diseases causing MCI, about one-third used amyloid PET. Most respondents (96%) treated patients with MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with medication, commonly choline alfoscerate (71%) and donepezil (53%), mainly as combination therapy. Unmet needs included patient/caregiver education (63%) and time constraints for consulting patients (54%). Most respondents considered that increased amyloid-β testing for patients with MCI due to AD or subjective cognitive decline is likely to increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This survey described the current management of MCI due to AD, identified unmet needs and considered possible future developments in the changing landscape of early AD treatment. Early detection and diagnosis and continued development of emerging preventative or therapeutic interventions are critical for MCI outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions when Caring for People with Dementia in Hospital: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Sara Mahmoud Yaghmour, Ruth Bartlett","doi":"10.1159/000546074","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nurses in Saudi Arabia lack sufficient training in dementia care, a challenge compounded by cultural beliefs that frame dementia as fate rather than a medical condition. This gap in knowledge and skills hinders nurses' ability to provide appropriate support to people living with dementia in hospital settings. This study investigated Saudi Arabian hospital nurses' knowledge (cognitive expertise), attitudes (feelings and behaviors), and perceptions (thoughts, concerns, and interpretations of behaviors) of caring for people living with dementia to inform future training programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, conducted in six hospital settings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between March and July 2018. Quantitative data were gathered using two validated tools: the Dementia Attitude Scale and the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version 2. Qualitative data consisted of diary entries for ten working days followed by semi-structured interviews. Data integration was performed using the Pillar Integration Process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A paper survey was completed by 710 nurses, with 17 keeping a diary and 18 participating in interviews. The survey identified themes of knowledge-attitude links, work environment impact, cultural and educational influences, low confidence levels, and gaps in dementia care knowledge. Diary-interviews revealed themes such as knowledge acquisition, attitude-driven behaviors, perceptions of dementia care, professional challenges, and suggestions for improving care. The Pillar Integration Process highlighted five key findings: (1) a lack of knowledge is linked to low confidence in nursing people with dementia, (2) nurses are eager to learn but face limited access to resources, (3) attitudes, emotions, and communication challenges influence care delivery, (4) stigmas and cultural norms negatively impact dementia care, and (5) organizational factors hinder care quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Saudi Arabian nurses face significant challenges in dementia care, including inadequate knowledge, resource constraints, and negative attitudes. These findings emphasize the need for targeted training and policy interventions to improve dementia care quality. This study highlights nurses' emotional strain and practical difficulties in dementia care, providing insights for global improvements in dementia care practices and support for nurses' well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"78-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12237292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Rehabilitation for People with Dementia in Norway: Case Managers' Experiences from a Pilot Study.","authors":"Marit Mjørud, Mona Michelet, Kariann Krohne, Thea Cathrine Bredholt, Suzannah Evans, Linda Clare","doi":"10.1159/000545838","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with dementia are eligible for rehabilitation for functional difficulties resulting from cognitive symptoms, but no method for this is used in Norwegian municipalities. GREAT cognitive rehabilitation (CR) is an approach which has shown significant positive effects. The study aimed to explore the experiences of dementia case managers using the GREAT CR approach to address the rehabilitation goals of people with dementia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Six dementia case managers, from four Norwegian municipalities, participated. The pilot study had two phases: phase 1: the participants learnt the approach, and each used it with two clients, to become CR practitioners; phase 2: the participants could use CR in their normal practice. Their experiences were explored in two focus groups. The focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed in line with directed content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three categories were described: (1) the training and written material, (2) professional development, and (3) proposals for solutions on how to use CR in clinical practice. The case managers found it both engaging and challenging to use CR. They observed that the experience had changed their usual practice: they asked people with dementia more questions about their everyday functioning and resources. The most important barrier to implementing CR was lack of time, although funds were provided to allow municipalities to provide cover for participants' time, participants still found they lacked the time to use the approach as planned.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has demonstrated that it is feasible to implement CR in a Norwegian municipality if enough time is available and sufficient resources are provided. There is an urgent need to identify how healthcare services can be enabled to make rehabilitation methods like CR a regular part of post-diagnostic support.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces White Matter Microstructure Alterations in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Shengxue Song, Zhiwei Guo, Qiwen Mu","doi":"10.1159/000545553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000545553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to noninvasive brain stimulation with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can improve memory and regulate white matter (WM) microstructure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two mild cognitive impairment participants who were randomly assigned to the real and the sham groups received 10 sessions and sham-controlled 10 Hz rTMS over the DLPFC. All patients underwent cognitive assessments and diffusion tensor imaging scans before and after the intervention. Brain regions that showed significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) values were selected as the regions of interest to calculate the correlation with cognitive scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the real group, FA values in the left middle frontal gyrus and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus increased and in the right superior frontal gyrus decreased. No significant FA change was detected in the sham group. Furthermore, the FA value of the left middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with Boston Naming Test (BNT) scores. The change of FA value in the right superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the change in the Trail Making Test (TMT-B) score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides new evidence for rTMS to regulate the abnormal WM microstructure in some special regions and causally ameliorate cognitive performance in MCI, which may be the underlying neural mechanism of intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"15 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}