Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online最新文献_第6页

Childless by circumstance – Using an online survey to explore the experiences of childless women who had wanted children 没有孩子的情况-使用在线调查来探索想要孩子的没有孩子的女性的经历

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.006

Dilan Chauhan , Emily Jackson , Joyce C Harper

{"title":"Childless by circumstance – Using an online survey to explore the experiences of childless women who had wanted children","authors":"Dilan Chauhan , Emily Jackson , Joyce C Harper","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Childlessness is increasing globally. This study aimed to explore the experiences of childless women who had wanted children. An online survey study was promoted through social media to recruit women aged ≥46 years who were childless by circumstance. The survey remained open for 15 days. In total, 303 survey responses were collected, 176 of which were complete surveys. In total, 15.3% (27/176) of women who had wanted children reported that they had not tried to have children, most commonly due to the lack of a partner (40.7%, 11/27). Of the 139 women who had tried to have children, 70.5% (98/139) had used calendar-based menstrual cycle tracking methods to identify their fertile window, and many had undergone fertility checks including hormone tests (75.5%, 105/139) and ultrasound scans (71.2%, 99/139). A significant proportion of women had experienced a miscarriage (40.2%, 56/139). Many women had decided not to have any fertility treatment (43.2%, 60/139). For those who did, the majority had tried in-vitro fertilization (74.6%, 59/79). The most common reason that women gave for stopping fertility treatment was due to emotional reasons (74.7%, 59/79). When asked how women felt now about their childlessness, the most common issues identified were unhappiness (85/158, 54%), acceptance (43/158, 27%) and happiness (30/158, 19%). There should be more support for unsuccessful fertility patients and other childless women, and more emphasis should be placed upon fertility education in order to ensure that women are better informed about fertility issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 44-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38728195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

‘A caesarean section is like you've never delivered a baby’: a mixed methods study of the experience of childbirth among French women “剖腹产就像你从未生过孩子一样”:一项针对法国女性分娩经历的综合研究

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.003

Clémence Schantz , Anne-Charlotte Pantelias , Myriam de Loenzien , Marion Ravit , Patrick Rozenberg , Christine Louis-Sylvestre , Sophie Goyet

{"title":"‘A caesarean section is like you've never delivered a baby’: a mixed methods study of the experience of childbirth among French women","authors":"Clémence Schantz , Anne-Charlotte Pantelias , Myriam de Loenzien , Marion Ravit , Patrick Rozenberg , Christine Louis-Sylvestre , Sophie Goyet","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The experience of childbirth has been technologized worldwide, leading to major social changes. In France, childbirth occurs almost exclusively in hospitals. Few studies have been published on the opinions of French women regarding obstetric technology and, in particular, caesarean section. In 2017–2018, we used a mixed methods approach to determine French women’s preferences regarding the mode of delivery, and captured their experiences and satisfaction in relation to childbirth in two maternity settings. Of 284 pregnant women, 277 (97.5%) expressed a preference for vaginal birth, while seven (2.5%) women expressed a preference for caesarean section. Vaginal birth was also preferred among 26 women who underwent an in-depth interview. Vaginal birth was perceived as more natural, less risky and less painful, and to favour mother–child bonding. This vision was shared by caregivers. The women who expressed a preference for vaginal birth tended to remain sexually active late in their pregnancy, to find sexual intercourse pleasurable, and to believe that vaginal birth would not enlarge their vagina. A large majority (94.5%) of women who gave birth vaginally were satisfied with their childbirth experience, compared with 24.3% of those who underwent caesarean section. The caring attitude of the caregivers contributed to increasing this satisfaction. The notion of women’s ‘empowerment’ emerged spontaneously in women’s discourse in this research: women who gave birth vaginally felt satisfied and empowered. The vision shared by caregivers and women that vaginal birth is a natural process contributes to the stability of caesarean section rates in France.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38744412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Religious and non-religious issues of medically assisted reproduction in France: sexuality, incest and descent 法国医疗辅助生殖的宗教和非宗教问题:性、乱伦和世袭

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.002

Corinne Fortier

{"title":"Religious and non-religious issues of medically assisted reproduction in France: sexuality, incest and descent","authors":"Corinne Fortier","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is generally held that assisted reproductive technology has dissociated procreation from sexuality — just as the advent of the pill dissociated sexuality from procreation. My study will show, on the contrary, that sexuality in all its dimensions, including the physical dimension of the circulation of bodily substances as well as the psychological dimension of fantasy, is far from having been removed from new methods of reproduction, even if they do indeed dispense with sexual intercourse, because sexuality cannot be reduced to the sexual act. The circulation of gametes has an often-denied sexual dimension which is revealed in the questions raised by monotheistic religions concerning these techniques. I analyse the position of Sunni Muslim jurists with regard to different reproductive techniques. Using a cross-disciplinary approach, I combine this specific study with a comparative analysis from a religious viewpoint, putting Sunni Islam into perspective with other monotheisms, specifically Judaism and Roman Catholicism, as well as the other branch of Islam represented by Shi’ism. As an anthropologist, I performed a field survey in France on medically assisted reproduction, particularly at the Centre for the Study and Preservation of Human Eggs and Sperm in Paris on the donation of gametes. I will show that the questions raised by monotheist religions regarding medically assisted reproduction are very often the same questions that individuals resorting to these techniques in France ask themselves about the concepts of adultery, incest and descent, particularly when the reproductive process involves a third-party donor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38714174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

‘Our family picture is a little hint of heaven’: race, religion and selective reproduction in US ‘embryo adoption’ “我们的家庭照片是天堂的一点暗示”:美国“胚胎收养”中的种族、宗教和选择性生殖

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.08.002

Risa Cromer

{"title":"‘Our family picture is a little hint of heaven’: race, religion and selective reproduction in US ‘embryo adoption’","authors":"Risa Cromer","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People use selective reproductive technologies (SRT) in various family-making practices to assist with decisions about which children should be born. The practice of ‘embryo adoption’, a form of embryo donation developed by white American evangelical Christians in the late 1990s, is a novel site for reconceptualizing SRT and examining how they function among users. Based on ethnographic research conducted between 2008 and 2018 on US ‘embryo adoption’, this study provides an anthropological analysis of media produced by and about one white evangelical couple's race-specific preferences for embryos from donors of colour. This article shows how racializing processes and religious beliefs function as mutually reinforcing SRT for some ‘embryo adoption’ participants. Evangelical convictions justify racialized preferences, and racializing processes within and beyond the church reinforce religious acts. Race-specific preferences for embryos among white evangelicals promote selective decision-making not for particular kinds of children, a current focus in studies of SRT, but for particular kinds of families. This study expands the framework of SRT to include selection for wanted family forms and technologies beyond biomedical techniques, such as social technologies like racial constructs and religious convictions. Broadly, this article encourages greater attention to religion within analyses about race and reproduction by revealing how they are deeply entwined with Christianity, especially in the USA. Wherever constructions of race and religious convictions co-exist with selective reptroductive decision-making, scholars should consider race, reproduction and religion as inextricable, rather than distinct, domains of analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Doing and undoing nation through ART: a Franco–American comparison 通过艺术成就和毁灭国家:法美比较

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.005

Rajani Bhatia

{"title":"Doing and undoing nation through ART: a Franco–American comparison","authors":"Rajani Bhatia","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores a Franco–American comparison of assisted reproductive technology (ART), specifically as it relates to sex selection and cross-border reproduction. As a basis for comparison, the nation can materialize in the form of state structure just as much as in cultural–economic assemblages or ideologies that breach geopolitical boundaries. By juxtaposing many contrasts between the French and US contexts – departure versus destination country, highly regulated versus deregulated governance, medical versus social applications, and access (or lack thereof) via public versus private health insurance sectors – it may be difficult to imagine how these extremes occupy a common continuum of globalized market channels. I suggest that invisible or semi-visible reproductive practices along with ART governance provide an avenue to stake out or protect the ‘French’ way of being and doing ART just as much as they make the ‘American’ way simultaneously elusive and easy to appropriate. Ultimately, both the French and American approaches to ART collude in the institutionalization of globalized markets. Through the case of cross-border and (sex) selective ART, it is possible to see how both the French and the Americans are involved in the undoing and doing of nation via ART as global assemblage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38702145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Inclusion, exclusion: comparative public policy (France/USA) in access to assisted reproductive technology 包容与排斥:获得辅助生殖技术的比较公共政策(法国/美国)

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.004

Jennifer Merchant

引用次数: 1

Exploring reproduction (or is it procreation?) over language boundaries: the challenges and hidden opportunities of translation 跨越语言界限探索再生产(或者是再生产?):翻译的挑战和隐藏的机遇

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.002

Simone Bateman

{"title":"Exploring reproduction (or is it procreation?) over language boundaries: the challenges and hidden opportunities of translation","authors":"Simone Bateman","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article addresses the challenges and benefits derived from having to present social science research in another language than one’s usual working language. As objects of study are, in part, moulded by language, translation becomes an invaluable opportunity for critical reflection on our epistemic choices. The article thus proposes a brief inquiry into the words we use, in French and in English, to describe and discuss issues in assisted reproductive technology, or medically assisted procreation as one would say in French. The article first explores similarities and differences in the generic terms used in each language to refer to this area, and discusses the verbs used to describe different facets of the reproductive process. It then proposes a short discussion of two terms often used interchangeably in both languages, ‘reproduction’ and ‘procreation’, and introduces a third term, <em>engendrement</em> (‘engendering’) that has recently emerged in France as an alternative concept. The conclusion points to the impact that technology may have on the issues considered worthy of attention, and on the meaning of certain words, as reproductive acts are displaced from the body to the laboratory. It also urges greater attention to how language affects the way we conceptualize reproductive practices and issues, and to how we deal with these differences in international encounters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 30-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38709874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

‘We are all in the image of God’: reproductive imaginaries and prenatal genetic testing in American Jewish communities “我们都是上帝的形象”:美国犹太社区的生殖想象和产前基因检测

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.06.001

Faye Ginsburg, Rayna Rapp

引用次数: 2

Reproducing while Black: the crisis of Black maternal health, obstetric racism and assisted reproductive technology 黑人生育：黑人孕产妇健康危机、产科种族主义和辅助生殖技术。

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.001

Dána-Ain Davis

{"title":"Reproducing while Black: the crisis of Black maternal health, obstetric racism and assisted reproductive technology","authors":"Dána-Ain Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Black women bear the burden of a number of crises related to reproduction. Historically, their reproduction has been governed in relation to the slave economy, and connected to this, they have been experimented upon and subjected to exploitative medical interventions and policies. Even now, they are more likely to experience premature births and more likely to die from pregnancy-related complications. Their reproductive lives have been beleaguered by racism. This reality, as this article points out, shapes the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) by Black women. Using the framework of obstetric racism, I suggest that, in addition to the crisis of adverse maternal health outcomes, such as premature birth, low-birthweight infants and maternal death, Black women also face the crisis of racism in their medical encounters as they attempt to conceive through ART. Obstetric racism is enacted on racialized bodies that have historically experienced subjugation, especially, but not solely, reproductive subjugation. In my prior work, I delineated four dimensions of obstetric racism: diagnostic lapses; neglect, dismissiveness or disrespect; intentionally causing pain; and coercion. In this article, I extend that framework and explore three additional dimensions of obstetric racism: ceremonies of degradation; medical abuse; and racial reconnaissance. This article is based on ethnographic work from 2011 to 2019, during which time I collected narratives of US-based Black women and documented the circumstances under which they experienced obstetric racism in their interactions with medical personnel while attempting conception through ART.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38702144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Relational surrogacies excluded from the French bioethics model: a euro-american perspective in the light of Marcel Mauss and Louis Dumont 被排除在法国生命伦理模式之外的关系代孕:马塞尔·莫斯和路易·杜蒙的欧美视角

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.001

Hélène Malmanche

{"title":"Relational surrogacies excluded from the French bioethics model: a euro-american perspective in the light of Marcel Mauss and Louis Dumont","authors":"Hélène Malmanche","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the French context of prohibition of surrogacy by a legislative framework established in 1994, couples are using surrogacy abroad to create their family. Why does surrogacy not find room in the landscape of donor-conceived families in France? Based on a survey among French intended parents using surrogacy in the USA and Belgium, and a 2-year ethnography on medical practice in a fertility centre in Belgium, this study shows that surrogacy is, in fact, a particular type of gift: the gift of gestational capacity. The preconceptional journey in Belgium or in the USA is a relational process that allows complementary places and statuses to be acquired. This process will transform applicants into intended parents (recipients), and candidates into surrogates (donors). The relationships created by the gift have the particularity of being woven around responsibility towards the fetus. It is the hierarchy of encompassing and encompassed responsibilities in relation to the fetus that organizes the relationships and actions of each protagonist: parents, grandparents, surrogate, surrogate’s partner and children, etc. The article thus shows that surrogacy, because it is a gift of a particular type, has no place in the French bioethics model, which is, in fact, built entirely on the notion of ‘donation without a donor’ in a therapeutic and medicalized view of reproductive donations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":"11 ","pages":"Pages 24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2020.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38709873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3