Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online最新文献_第10页

Single fathers by choice: Memoirs of getting twins and triplets via transnational gestational surrogacy 单身父亲的选择:通过跨国代孕获得双胞胎和三胞胎的回忆录

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2019.08.001

Linda Layne

引用次数: 3

Rights-holders or refugees? Do gay men need reproductive justice? 权利人还是难民?男同性恋者需要生殖正义吗?

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.07.001

Camisha Russell

{"title":"Rights-holders or refugees? Do gay men need reproductive justice?","authors":"Camisha Russell","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A thriving North American industry has emerged designed to help gay men become biological parents through surrogacy and egg donation. Taking as given that gay men have the same ethical right to pursue such reproductive technologies as heterosexual couples or individuals, this article asks whether access to egg donation and surrogacy for gay men specifically could be considered a matter not just of (consumer) rights, but of justice. The idea of shifting discourse about reproduction from the language of ‘rights’ to that of ‘justice’ is most notably articulated by women of colour. Their call for reproductive justice seeks to expand discussion beyond the narrow right to an abortion (as a negative privacy right) to encompass broader, positive rights, such as the rights to bear healthy children and to raise them in safe environments. What, if anything, might we learn from reproductive justice movements about how to frame gay men's desire/demand for access to surrogacy? While I find several productive connections between the two groups, two factors lead me to argue against understanding gay access to surrogacy as a matter of justice: first, the necessary reliance on women's reproductive labour; and second, the largely non-structural causes of gay couples' inability to reproduce. Nevertheless, by considering two driving forces behind gay male assisted reproduction – social norms favouring biological family formation and the need for family security – I ultimately conclude that a basis for solidarity exists between gay men and reproductive justice movements. That basis is a concept like ‘procreative liberty’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37394193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Procreative consciousness in a global market: gay men's paths to surrogacy in the USA 全球市场中的生育意识：美国男同性恋代孕之路。

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2019.03.001

Marcin Smietana

{"title":"Procreative consciousness in a global market: gay men's paths to surrogacy in the USA","authors":"Marcin Smietana","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores one of the contemporary contexts of reproductive decision-making: gay men's paths to surrogacy within the globalised USA fertility industry. The stories collected from qualitative interviews and ethnographic research with 37 gay men from several countries in Europe and the USA, who all had children through surrogacy in the USA, show that the men's understandings of their own reproductive aspirations and opportunities changed over time, as if recovering the fertility that was lost by coming out. This shift in the men's procreative consciousness – i.e. in their awareness of being subjects that could reproduce (or not) – disrupts the heteronormative idea that to be queer is not to contribute to the reproduction of the species, the family and the nation. Alongside this consciousness shift, however, reproductive decision-making of the gay men in this study was contingent on multiple factors: access to the fertility industry; economics, given how expensive and thus stratified surrogacy is; social support in the men's communities and extended families; their emotions and values. Therefore these gay men's reproductive decision-making could be characterized in terms of reproductive contingency and consciousness change, within which the globalised fertility industry was one relevant element among the choreography of multiple factors. These findings evidence that despite naturalization of reproduction as an obvious or ‘natural’ event in life, it is contingent, anything but obvious, and its perceptions are changeable. Reproduction is achieved not merely as a result of rational decision-making but rather in the interplay with an array of factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2019.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37338272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Queer reproductive justice? 酷儿生育正义?

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.06.004

Judith Stacey

引用次数: 11

A limited market: the recruitment of gay men as surrogacy clients by the infertility industry in the USA 有限的市场：美国不孕不育行业招募男同性恋作为代孕客户。

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.019

Heather Jacobson

{"title":"A limited market: the recruitment of gay men as surrogacy clients by the infertility industry in the USA","authors":"Heather Jacobson","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gestational surrogacy via egg donation is an expensive – and sometimes ambivalently undertaken – but increasingly popular route to planned fatherhood for some gay men. The surrogacy market in the USA plays an important role for gay men with the financial resources to access these services, as it is currently the only stable, commercial market in which there are legal protections for openly gay men. While a small, ethnographic and qualitative literature on the experiences of gay fathers via surrogacy exists, less is known about the state of the surrogacy industry towards gay men as clients. Here I investigate the surrogacy industry in the USA to ask how welcome gay men are in this market. I do so via a content analysis of patient/client recruitment on infertility clinic and surrogacy agency websites. Content analysis of 547 websites indicates that the majority of infertility clinics (62%) and 42% of surrogacy agencies do not directly advertise or appear to be welcoming to gay men. A minority of gay-friendly clinics and agencies, which cluster geographically, actively recruit gay men, creating a limited but niche market. The unequal recruitment of gay men as infertility clients reflects how normative ideas about gender, sexuality and social class are reproduced in the infertility industry. This, in turn, may impact gay men's procreative consciousness and decision-making about parenting, and exacerbate inequalities around their access to intentional genetic parenthood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36831902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Making mothers in jail: carceral reproduction of normative motherhood 把母亲关进监狱：规范母性的尸体复制。

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.018

Carolyn Sufrin

{"title":"Making mothers in jail: carceral reproduction of normative motherhood","authors":"Carolyn Sufrin","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The over-reliance on incarceration in the USA is a racialized phenomenon which has affected millions of families – disproportionately people of colour – reconfiguring kinship around the criminal legal system. Mass incarceration, then, disrupts conventional modes of reproduction and threatens reproductive justice, separates families and funnels children into foster care, diverts funds from social services into prisons, restricts women's access to abortion and adequate pregnancy care, shackles women in childbirth, and incarcerates people during their prime reproductive years. Beyond these obvious disruptions to reproduction, incarceration also cultivates certain ways of being a parent. Much of the critical literature on mass incarceration focuses on men, largely because of fewer women and masculinist assumptions of the carceral system. This paper looks specifically at how women's reproduction is experienced and managed by carceral institutions, and how mass incarceration itself is a reproductive technology. Based on ethnographic fieldwork at a women's jail, I explore pregnancy and motherhood behind bars. Certain types of mothering are foreclosed, while an idealized version of maternal identity is simultaneously promoted. For many incarcerated women, jail is the only place where they can experience this form of motherhood, as forces of structural violence outside of jail often limit their ability to parent, such as involvement of child welfare institutions, addiction and homelessness. The myriad ways in which incarcerated women's reproduction is suppressed and enabled is a critical lens through which to understand how institutions and forces of racial oppression reinforce idealized notions of motherhood while making them categorically unattainable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36949454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Land, women and techno-pastoral development in southern Karnataka, India 印度卡纳塔克邦南部的土地、妇女和技术牧业发展

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.12.001

Sharmila Rudrappa

{"title":"Land, women and techno-pastoral development in southern Karnataka, India","authors":"Sharmila Rudrappa","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Techno-pastoral desires are statist aspirations for orderly, hierarchical landscapes where land, beasts and nature are managed through technical expertise to generate profits. Women and land, I argue, occupy particular places in Indian techno-pastoral imaginaries as the nation-state recalibrates profits that can be harvested from the regenerative capacities of life itself. Through a case study of southern Karnataka, where the megapolis of Bangalore is located, I show that working class women and agricultural land have a shared genealogy in the region's bio-economic development. I study three historical moments where population and food production have vexed state authorities: the South Indian famine of 1875–1876 that left more than 20% of the population dead; the early 20th century efforts at building the Krishnaraja Sagar Dam, and state-sponsored birth control clinics in the 1930s; and the 1950s–1960s population control programmes and Green Revolution interventions. The growing literature on bio-economies focuses on pharmaceutical industries; clinical trials; and commodification of organs, tissues and cells; however, by working with surrogate mothers incorporated not as labourers but with their wombs coded as land, this study attempted to map the long histories of bio-economies, spanning land and living tissue, in and around Bangalore. I argue that rather than bio-economies, the term ‘necro-economies’ might be more useful for describing how land and women are incorporated into techno-pastoral desires.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37219581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

At the nation's doorstep: the fate of children in France born via surrogacy 在这个国家的家门口:法国通过代孕出生的孩子的命运

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.11.003

Jérôme Courduriès

{"title":"At the nation's doorstep: the fate of children in France born via surrogacy","authors":"Jérôme Courduriès","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surrogacy has been prohibited in France since the Court of Cassation condemned it on the grounds that ‘only merchandise can be the object of contracts’ (in 1991), and decided that ‘any contract concerning procreation or gestation on behalf of a third party is void’ (in 1994). French people who undertake surrogacy abroad act knowingly against French law. Once a child is born through surrogacy on foreign soil, except in rare cases, the birth is not included in the French register and the newborn is thus held at the gates of the national community. Most of these children have a foreign birth certificate and the nationality of their land of birth. This paper presents research currently in progress, and reports on interviews conducted in France with 28 families, 16 of which were formed by gay male couples, 11 by heterosexual couples and one by an unpartnered gay man. One surrogacy arrangement took place in Russia, one in Poland and one in India; the others were completed in North America (mostly in the USA but also in Canada). The research method and the characteristics of the families are described briefly, in addition to the legal, ethical and political context concerning surrogacy in France. The situation of the children born abroad through surrogacy is then analysed, to demonstrate that it is reminiscent of the historical assimilation of filiation with transmission of French nationality, from which children considered illegitimate have been excluded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36980486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Migrant extractability: Centring the voices of egg providers in cross-border reproduction 移民可提取性：在跨境繁殖中集中卵子提供者的声音。

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.020

Michal Nahman

{"title":"Migrant extractability: Centring the voices of egg providers in cross-border reproduction","authors":"Michal Nahman","doi":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores reproductive justice from the perspective of those at the beginning of the value chain of reproduction. This vantage point of egg providers can help lend important insights into the wider processes of family-making across borders today. It centres on ethnographic research conducted on contemporary cross-border egg provision performed by female migrant workers in Spain. Through this intersectional perspective, we stand to gain deeper insights into cross-border reproduction more widely. Egg provision can be a way for migrant women to gain temporary financial benefit. In a system that does not provide equal access for migrants to work and care, female migrants make themselves extractable commodities. As such, they are both a commodity and a worker at the same time. The example of female migrant workers providing eggs can be used to reflect more generally on egg provision, and on cross-border reproduction and reproductive justice models as used in queer cross-border family-building. Taken within the broader framework of reproductive justice, and with the struggles of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender cross-border reproduction in mind, the paper begins by asking how three intersecting inequalities due to (1) migration/citizenship, (2) joblessness/contract working and (3) race facilitate the industry of cross-border reproduction? In what ways do female migrant workers mobilize their reproductive potential, including time, whiteness, other racial/phenotypic similarity to commissioning parents, and unstable work lives in cross-border egg donation? The paper ends with an argument for focusing analytical and political attention on the needs of those providing eggs; the most prized material resources for cross-border reproduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37973,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36559841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Kindred spirits? 善良的灵魂？

Reproductive Biomedicine and Society Online Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.04.002

Joshua Gamson

引用次数: 1