Food and Waterborne Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Giardia and Cryptosporidium in resident wildlife species in Arctic Alaska","authors":"Caroline Van Hemert ,&nbsp;Lora R. Ballweber ,&nbsp;David R. Sinnett ,&nbsp;Todd C. Atwood ,&nbsp;Anthony Fischbach ,&nbsp;David D. Gustine ,&nbsp;Kristy L. Pabilonia","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Giardia</em> and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> are zoonotic protozoan parasites that can infect humans and other taxa, including wildlife, often causing gastrointestinal illness. Both have been identified as One Health priorities in the Arctic, where climate change is expected to influence the distribution of many wildlife and zoonotic diseases, but little is known about their prevalence in local wildlife. To help fill information gaps, we collected fecal samples from four wildlife species that occur seasonally on the northern Alaska coastline or in nearshore marine waters—Arctic fox (<em>Vulpes lagopus</em>), polar bear (<em>Ursus maritimus</em>), Pacific walrus (<em>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</em>), and caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>)—and used immunofluorescence assays to screen for <em>Giardia</em> cysts and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts. We detected <em>Giardia</em> cysts in 18.3% and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> oocysts in 16.5% of Arctic foxes (<em>n</em> = 109), suggesting that foxes may be potentially important hosts in this region. We also detected <em>Giardia</em> cysts in a single polar bear (12.5%; <em>n</em> = 8), which to our knowledge represents the first such report for this species. Neither parasite was detected in walruses or caribou.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in commercial oysters in southern Thailand","authors":"Mayuna Srisuphanunt ,&nbsp;Polrat Wilairatana ,&nbsp;Nateelak Kooltheat ,&nbsp;Thanis Damrongwatanapokin ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The enteric parasite <em>Cryptosporidium</em> is spread through the fecal-oral pathway, most commonly by the consumption of contaminated water but also through food. Because eating raw or barely cooked shellfish might put consumers at risk for cryptosporidiosis, identifying the parasite in oysters is important for public health. A total of 240 oysters, collected from two shellfish aquaculture sites in Thailand's Gulf coast, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Surat Thani, were tested for the presence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em>. <em>Escherichia coli</em>, enterococci, and thermotolerant coliform total levels were measured to assess seawater quality in the shellfish production regions. Oocysts of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. were detected in 13.8% of the samples processed by immunofluorescence analyses. The detection of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. oocysts in oysters obtained from Surat Thani (17.5%) was higher than in those obtained from Nakhon Si Thammarat (9.2%). The difference in detection of positive samples obtained from Nakhon Si Thammarat and those obtained from Surat Thani may be attributed to the effects of physical, ecological, and anthropogenic conditions, resulting in an increased level of marine water contamination by <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. oocysts. These findings demonstrate that native commercial oysters obtained from Thailand's southern Gulf coast contained <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. oocysts which might serve as a source of human infection. Consequently, these findings pose a serious public health concern and suggest that more quality control measures need to be implemented by the oyster aquaculture business to ensure the safety of seafood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Lactobacilli acidophilus and/or spiramycin as an adjunct in toxoplasmosis infection challenged with diabetes","authors":"Enas A. El Saftawy ,&nbsp;Safaa A. Turkistani ,&nbsp;Hadel M. Alghabban ,&nbsp;Emad A. Albadawi ,&nbsp;Basma EA Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Suzan Morsy ,&nbsp;Mohamed F. Farag ,&nbsp;Nashwah S. Al Hariry ,&nbsp;Rania Y. Shash ,&nbsp;Aly Elkazaz ,&nbsp;Noha M. Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study assessed the anti-parasitic impact of probiotics on <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection either solely or challenged with diabetes in Swiss albino mice. The study design encompassed group-A (diabetic), group-B (non-diabetic), and healthy controls (C). Each group was divided into infected-untreated (subgroup-1); infected and spiramycin-treated (subgroup-2); infected and probiotic<em>-</em>treated (subgroup-3); infected and spiramycin+ probiotic-treated (subgroup-4). Diabetic-untreated animals exhibited acute toxoplasmosis and higher cerebral parasite load. Overall, various treatments reduced intestinal pathology, improved body weight, and decreased mortalities; nevertheless, probiotic + spiramycin exhibited significant differences. On day 7 post-infection both PD-1 and IL-17A demonstrated higher scores in the intestine of diabetic-untreated mice compared with non-diabetics and healthy control; whereas, claudin-1 revealed worsening expression. Likewise, on day 104 post-infection cerebral PD-1 and IL-17A showed increased expressions in diabetic animals. Overall, treatment modalities revealed lower scores of PD-1 and IL-17A in non-diabetic subgroups compared with diabetics. Intestinal and cerebral expressions of IL-17A and PD-1 demonstrated positive correlations with cerebral parasite load. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis when challenged with diabetes showed massive pathological features and higher parasite load in the cerebral tissues. Probiotics are a promising adjunct to spiramycin by ameliorating IL-17A and PD-1 in the intestinal and cerebral tissues, improving the intestinal expression of claudin-1, and efficiently reducing the cerebral parasite load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2405-6766(23)00011-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2405-6766(23)00011-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An 11-year epidemiological analysis of schistosomiasis in Ecuador: Investigating a non-endemic, neglected, and challenging-to-identify parasitic disease","authors":"Jorge Vásconez-González ,&nbsp;Justin Yeager ,&nbsp;Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy ,&nbsp;Raul Fernandez-Naranjo ,&nbsp;María-Belén López ,&nbsp;María Gabriela Dávila ,&nbsp;Simone Cordovez ,&nbsp;Andrés López-Cortés ,&nbsp;Esteban Ortiz-Prado","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by parasites of the genus <em>Schistosoma</em> and transmitted by snails of the genus <em>Biomphalaria</em>. At least five species have the potential to infect humans living in or visiting tropical areas worldwide. In Latin America, <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> is particularly common; however, it has not been reported in Ecuador. In this study, we assess the available official data on schistosomiasis in Ecuador to describe the prevalence of this neglected disease. We conducted a nationwide study to determine the demographic and spatial distribution patterns of schistosomiasis infection in Ecuador, using hospital discharge official data as a proxy for infection incidence from 2011 to 2021. We calculated crude and age-sex-adjusted morbidity and hospital admission rates by region, province, canton, and elevation. In the last decade of available data, schistosomiasis accounted for at least 551 hospital admissions in Ecuador. Women represented 53.7% (<em>n</em> = 296) of cases, equivalent to 3.2 cases per 1,000,000 inhabits. The highest number of cases (61.2%, <em>n</em> = 337) was found in the Coastal region. However, the highest incidence rates were observed in the Amazon region's provinces of Pastaza (173.44 cases/1,000,000).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/13/main.PMC10236286.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9569774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma and Toxocara seropositivity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its relation to disease activity and type of therapies","authors":"Doaa A. Salem ,&nbsp;Ahmed Hassan Al-Ghamdi ,&nbsp;Jameel Mohamed Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Amira Ismail ,&nbsp;Bakheet A. Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Eman Abdelrazek","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most frequently encountered autoimmune rheumatic disease in children. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to estimate the frequency of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> (<em>T. gondii)</em> and <em>Toxocara</em> seropositivity in JIA and assess its relation to the disease activity, IL-10 levels, and type of the received therapies. This study was conducted on 43 JIA patients and 50 cases as a control group. All participants were evaluated by disease activity score (JADAS-27), and the presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies against <em>T. gondii and</em> IgG against <em>Toxocara</em> species using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-10 serum levels were measured using an ELISA kit. The results show that JIA patients have significantly higher seropositivity for anti-<em>T. gondii</em> IgG compared to control subjects (<em>p</em> = 0.02) and a non-significant difference for <em>Toxocara</em> seropositivity (<em>p</em> = 0.41). All participants were negative for IgM anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. Demographic parameters did not significantly affect these seroprevalence frequencies (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). IL-10 was significantly higher among JIA patients compared to controls (<em>p</em> = 0.007) and seropositive anti-<em>T. gondii</em> JIA exhibited significantly higher IL-10 levels compared to seronegative ones (<em>p</em> = 0.03). Seropositive anti-<em>T. gondii</em> IgG JIA patients had a significantly higher disease activity score (JADAS-27) than seronegative anti-<em>T. gondii</em> IgG cases (<em>p</em> = 0.02). There was a significant positive correlation between anti-<em>T. gondii</em> IgG and JADAS-27 score (<em>p</em> = 0.009). A significant association was detected between <em>T. gondii</em> infection and DMARDs including the biological therapies (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Overall, this study supports a possible association between <em>T. gondii</em> infection and JIA, IL-10, disease activity score, and DMARDs therapies. It is possible that IL-10 plays a role in the development of JIA and contributes to persistent asymptomatic infection with <em>T. gondii</em> in JIA patients. As a result, a recommendation for screening tests for <em>T. gondii</em> infection among JIA patients is crucial before and during commencing DMARDs therapies and closely monitoring early signs of infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii in dry sausage and processed pork, and quantification of the pathogen in pig tissues prior to production","authors":"Filip Dámek ,&nbsp;Bastien Fremaux ,&nbsp;Dominique Aubert ,&nbsp;Sandra Thoumire ,&nbsp;Maxime Delsart ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Martin ,&nbsp;Sandra Vuillermet ,&nbsp;Marieke Opsteegh ,&nbsp;Pikka Jokelainen ,&nbsp;Delphine Le Roux ,&nbsp;Pascal Boireau ,&nbsp;Isabelle Villena ,&nbsp;Radu Blaga","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is an important zoonotic foodborne parasite. Meat of infected animals appears to be a major source of infection in Europe. Pork is the most consumed meat in France, with dry sausages well represented. The risk of transmission via consumption of processed pork products is largely unknown, mainly since processing will affect viability but may not entirely inactivate all <em>T. gondii</em> parasites.</p><p>We investigated the presence and concentration of <em>T. gondii</em> DNA in the shoulder, breast, ham, and heart of pigs orally inoculated with 1000 oocysts (<em>n</em> = 3) or tissue cysts (n = 3) and naturally infected pigs (<em>n</em> = 2), by means of magnetic capture qPCR (MC-qPCR). Muscle tissues of experimentally infected pigs were further used to evaluate the impact of manufacturing processes of dry sausages, including different concentrations of nitrates (0, 60, 120, 200 ppm), nitrites (0, 60, 120 ppm), and NaCl (0, 20, 26 g/kg), ripening (2 days at 16–24 °C) and drying (up to 30 days at 13 °C), by a combination of mouse bioassay, qPCR and MC-qPCR.</p><p>DNA of <em>T. gondii</em> was detected in all eight pigs, including in 41.7% (10/24) of muscle samples (shoulder, breast and ham) and 87.5% (7/8) of hearts by MC-qPCR. The number of parasites per gram of tissue was estimated to be the lowest in the hams (arithmetic mean (M) = 1, standard deviation (SD) = 2) and the highest in the hearts (M = 147, SD = 233). However, the <em>T. gondii</em> burden estimates varied on the individual animal level, the tissue tested and the parasitic stage used for the experimental infection (oocysts or tissue cysts). Of dry sausages and processed pork, 94.4% (51/54) were positive for <em>T. gondii</em> by MC-qPCR or qPCR, with the mean <em>T. gondii</em> burden estimate equivalent to 31 parasites per gram (SD = 93). Only the untreated processed pork sample collected on the day of production was positive by mouse bioassay.</p><p>The results suggest an uneven distribution of <em>T. gondii</em> in the tissues examined, and possibly an absence or a concentration below the detection limit in some of them. Moreover, the processing of dry sausages and processed pork with NaCl, nitrates, and nitrites has an impact on the viability of <em>T. gondii</em> from the first day of production. Results are valuable input for future risk assessments aiming to estimate the relative contribution of different sources of <em>T. gondii</em> human infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular investigation of ready-to-eat salads for Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in Portugal","authors":"Clarissa Perez Faria ,&nbsp;Adelaide Pereira ,&nbsp;Daniela Almeida ,&nbsp;Miguel Pinto ,&nbsp;Ágata Lourenço ,&nbsp;Maria do Céu Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Foodborne outbreaks are often associated with the consumption of salads. However, published studies on the detection of foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat salads are scarce. The aim of this study was to detect <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> DNA in ready-to-eat salads, by applying techniques of molecular biology to study the frequency of contamination in salads. A total of 100 packages of ready-to-eat salads containing assorted leafy green vegetables were randomly purchased from hypermarkets located in central regions of Portugal (Coimbra and Viseu). Nested-PCR and qPCR methods were used to detect <em>G. duodenalis</em> and <em>Cryptosporidium</em> DNA. Species and assemblages of the parasites were identified by sequence analysis and PCR. Eighteen of the 100 samples (18%) were positive for <em>G. duodenalis</em> and twelve were sequenced and identified as assemblage A. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. were not detected in any salads. Overall, pre-harvest and post-harvest preventive measures may be need for <em>G. duodenalis</em> control throughout the food production industry, from the field to consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endemic Paragonimus kellicotti infections in animals and humans in USA and Canada: Review and personal perspective","authors":"J.P. Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infections with the lung fluke, <em>Paragonimus kellicotti,</em> have been diagnosed in a variety of domestic and wild animals and humans in USA and Canada. Although there are many species of <em>Paragonimus</em> in other parts of the world; <em>P. kellicotti</em> is the only species definitively diagnosed in USA and Canada. Fresh water snails (several species) and crayfish (mainly <em>Orconectes</em> spp.) are its intermediate hosts. Humans and animals become infected with <em>P. kellicotti</em> only by ingesting metacercariae encysted in the heart of crayfish. After ingestion, the fluke penetrates intestinal wall, enters peritoneal cavity, and reaches pleural cavity by direct penetration of diaphragm, 2–3 weeks post inoculation (p.i.). Young flukes penetrate lungs and become encysted in pulmonary tissue, often in pairs. Time to maturity is around 4–7 weeks p.i. Eggs are coughed up, swallowed, and are excreted in feces. Although the parasite has been known for more than a century, there has been an upsurge of human infections in the USA. Here, I review <em>P. kellicotti</em> infections in naturally infected hosts. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment in parasite-free cats and dogs experimentally infected <em>P. kellicotti</em> are reviewed to shed light on the pathogenesis of human paragonimiasis. Problems and challenges facing diagnosis of paragonimiasis, especially non-pulmonary infections, are discussed. Fluke stages are deposited in Smithsonian Museum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2405-6766(23)00004-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2405-6766(23)00004-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}