Food and Waterborne Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Survival of Anisakis simplex (s.s.) L3 exposed to different combinations of acetic acid and sodium chloride: In vitro observations","authors":"Kaan Kumas,&nbsp;Cyril Henard,&nbsp;Per Walter Kania,&nbsp;Kurt Buchmann","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasitic nematode larvae within the family Anisakidae are important food-borne parasites with importance for consumer health and international trade. Apart from inactivation of larvae in fish products by heating and/or freezing, marination of herring fillets is widely used. The preferred marination process applies a solution with high contents of sodium chloride and acetic acid. We here describe the direct lethal effect on <em>Anisakis simplex</em> (sensu stricto) of different combinations of sodium chloride and acetic acid. We incubated a total of 1440 isolated worm larvae in 36 different combinations of sodium chloride and acetic acid over 8 weeks (w) at 5 °C. Worm mortality was correlated to incubation time, but acetic acid showed the strongest effect when compared to sodium chloride. Full worm mortality was induced by acetic acid (10 %) within 2 w and by 6 % acetic acid after 8 w. Sodium chloride was less effective as worms were alive in 10 % sodium chloride until 4 w and in 8 % until 8 w. A synergistic effect was noted as a combination of 4 % acetic acid and at least 2 % sodium chloride was effective within 6 w. At 8 w 2 % acetic acid combined with 6 % sodium chloride was found lethal for larvae. It cannot be excluded that worm larvae in host tissues will exhibit different mortality rates due to the protective effect of host cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology and cross-species transmission risk of Enterocytozoon bieneusi between humans and livestock: Evidence from Lishui, China","authors":"Xialiang Ye ,&nbsp;Ziran Mo ,&nbsp;Qinghan Meng ,&nbsp;Jingwei Quan ,&nbsp;Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Ruan ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Junxian Liu ,&nbsp;Cuimei Li ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Yuwei Shan ,&nbsp;Wenbin Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Xiu ,&nbsp;Wei Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em> is a zoonotic parasite with a broad host range and public health significance. In China, livestock production is predominantly small-scale, with cattle and sheep commonly maintained under extensive or semi-intensive husbandry systems that lack adequate biosecurity measures. Lishui, Zhejiang Province, typifies this model, where intensive and non-intensive farming systems coexist, and where abundant rainfall and dense water networks facilitate pathogen transmission. A total of 588 fecal samples were collected from cattle (<em>n</em> = 175), sheep (<em>n</em> = 228), and humans (<em>n</em> = 185) across nine counties in Lishui. Nested PCR targeting the <em>ITS</em> region was used for detection and genotyping, followed by phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses. The overall infection rates were 32.9 % in sheep, 4.5 % in cattle, and 1.6 % in humans, with all human cases occurring in occupationally exposed farm workers. Significantly higher infection rates were observed in intensively managed herds and in young animals under one year of age (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Five genotypes were identified in sheep, among which BEB6 was predominant (80.0 %), while cattle harbored genotypes BEB8 and J. Human isolates comprised genotypes BEB6, J, and I. Phylogenetic analyses placed all identified genotypes within Group 2, and haplotype network reconstruction revealed 10 haplotypes, some of which were shared between human and livestock samples from the same farms. These findings highlight cross-species transmission risks under current farming practices and underscore the necessity for One Health-based surveillance and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of PCR, qPCR and LAMP methods for the detection of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in the faeces of dogs and cats","authors":"Wen Li,&nbsp;Xuan Xuan Song,&nbsp;Si Si Ru,&nbsp;Jie Hao,&nbsp;Cheng Yue Cao,&nbsp;Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Spirometra mansoni</em> is an important zoonotic parasitic tapeworm that is transmitted mainly through the faeces of definitive hosts such as cats and dogs. However, there is currently no molecular detection method for <em>S. mansoni</em> in the faeces of definitive hosts. Here, a PCR assay for <em>S. mansoni</em> in the faeces of definitive hosts was developed, and the effects of the sampling site, sample storage temperature and duration on the detection results were evaluated. qPCR assays and LAMP assays targeting the <em>cyt</em>b gene were performed with optimized primers, probe concentrations and annealing temperatures. The sensitivity and specificity of three assays, namely, PCR, qPCR and LAMP, were evaluated. Applications in the field were conducted using these established assays. The sensitivity of the <em>cox</em>1 gene to PCR was 0.7 ng/μL (egg-derived DNA) and 1.4 ng/μL (cat faecal DNA). The sampling site had no notable effect on the detection results, and target genes could still be effectively detected in samples after 180 days of storage at 37 °C, 25 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C and − 80 °C. The qPCR assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 100 copies/μL, with an amplification efficiency of 107.625 % (R² = 0.997), and the intrabatch/interbatch coefficients of variation (CVs) were &lt; 5 %, indicating good repeatability and suitability for quantitative detection. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 7.47 pg/μL (cat faecal DNA) and 355.5 fg/μL (egg-derived DNA). All three assays showed good specificity and no cross-reaction with the DNA of other common parasites in cat and dog faeces. A total of 218 stool samples were tested using three assays, all of which were negative. Our study successfully established PCR, qPCR and LAMP detection systems for <em>S. mansoni</em> in the faeces of definitive hosts, with the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity and operational simplicity, which are suitable for early diagnosis of infection of definitive hosts with <em>S. mansoni</em> and for epidemiological assessment of the spillover risk of sparganosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in suspected human angiostrongyliasis cases and clinical manifestations in a tertiary care hospital in Thailand: a retrospective 18-year longitudinal study","authors":"Lakkhana Sadaow ,&nbsp;Thidarat K. Prasongdee ,&nbsp;Phuangphaka Sadee ,&nbsp;Sureeporn Naonongwai ,&nbsp;Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew ,&nbsp;Rutchanee Rodpai ,&nbsp;Oranuch Sanpool ,&nbsp;Amnat Kitkhuandee ,&nbsp;Verajit Chotmongkol ,&nbsp;Kittisak Sawanyawisuth ,&nbsp;Pewpan M. Intapan ,&nbsp;Wanchai Maleewong","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human angiostrongyliasis, a foodborne parasitosis caused by <em>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</em>, is primarily characterized by eosinophilic meningitis (EOM), meningoencephalitis or myelitis. This study reports the seroprevalence of <em>A. cantonensis</em> among suspected cases of angiostrongyliasis and describes the clinical manifestations in patients with positive serological tests at a Thai tertiary care hospital over an 18-year period (2006–2023). Among 768 patients suspected of eosinophilic meningitis related to <em>A. cantonensis</em> infection, 353 (46 %) tested positive for <em>A. cantonensis</em> IgG antibodies. Most seropositive patients were from the northeast region of Thailand (308/353; 87.2 %). Among the seropositive patients, 13 % reported a history of consuming uncooked freshwater snails or other paratenic hosts. Headache was reported in 23.5 % of the patients, with 31.3 % (<em>n</em> = 26) experiencing acute severe headache. Fever and neck stiffness were present in 6.8 % and 6.5 % of the patients, respectively, while nausea and vomiting were observed in 7.9 %. In a subset of 56 seropositive patients who underwent lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was clear in 49 (87.5 %), cloudy in six (10.7 %), and xanthochromic in one case (1.8 %). The highest recorded CSF opening pressure was 600 mmHg, with a median pressure of 210 mmHg. The average CSF white blood cell count was 200 cells/mm³ (range: 0–2250 cells/mm³), with eosinophils constituting an average of 35 % (range: 1–90 %). These findings may be useful for clinicians in endemic regions as supportive information for clinical diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The avian schistosome Trichobilharzia franki in mice: Migration, pathogenicity, and the host immune response","authors":"Tomáš Macháček ,&nbsp;Roman Leontovyč ,&nbsp;Jan Procházka ,&nbsp;Alena Revalová ,&nbsp;Martin Majer ,&nbsp;Barbora Šmídová ,&nbsp;Petr Horák","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cercarial dermatitis (CD; swimmer's itch) is a re-emerging skin disease caused by avian schistosomes, including <em>Trichobilharzia franki</em>. Here, we present morphological, genetic, and experimental evidence confirming the involvement of <em>T. franki</em> in recent CD outbreaks across Czechia. Ocellate furcocercariae were collected from <em>Radix auricularia</em> at four sites and identified as <em>T. franki</em> through ITS1 sequencing. Despite minor morphological differences from previously reported specimens, all isolates belonged to the genetically uniform <em>T. franki “auricularia”</em> clade. Experimental infection of mice with <em>T. franki</em> resulted in a ∼ 60 % penetration rate, accompanied by early-onset scratching and transient weight loss. Gross pathology demonstrated hemorrhages on lung surfaces and splenic atrophy at 2 days post-infection (dpi), along with a prominent enlargement of parotid lymph nodes at both 2 and 7 dpi. Histological examination of the skin revealed viable schistosomula, moderate leukocyte infiltration, epidermal hyperplasia, and the formation of hyperkeratotic crusts at 2 dpi. By 7 dpi, parasites were no longer detectable, but epidermal pathology persisted. In the lungs, eosinophil-rich foci and multifocal hemorrhages were observed at 2 dpi, transitioning to neutrophil-dominated lesions at 7 dpi, despite the absence of detectable schistosomula. Splenocytes from infected mice responded to homologous and heterologous cercarial antigens by producing IFN gamma, IL-4, and IL-10, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2/Treg profile and notable species cross-reactivity. However, parasite-specific IgG remained undetectable at 7 dpi. These findings confirm <em>T. franki</em> as the causative agent of CD outbreaks and underscore its capacity to induce localized and systemic pathology and immune response, cross-reacting with other schistosomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-making and public health: How the prevalence of Contracaecum spp. larvae in market-size tilapia may influence fish sample-size to be inspected prior marketing","authors":"Nadav Davidovich ,&nbsp;Perla Tedesco ,&nbsp;Monica Caffara ,&nbsp;Ekaterina Minkova ,&nbsp;Ortal Aflalo ,&nbsp;Shoshi Hadar ,&nbsp;Vicotoria Baramboim ,&nbsp;Gavriel Goldstein ,&nbsp;Ofer Cohen ,&nbsp;Shani Glasner ,&nbsp;Michal Perry Markovich ,&nbsp;Danny Morick ,&nbsp;Aurora Lattanzi ,&nbsp;Andrea Gustinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human consumption of raw or undercooked fish and fishery products may cause infection with foodborne parasitic nematodes, particularly of the family Anisakidae. <em>Contracaecum</em> species are cosmopolitan parasitic nematodes with numerous marine and freshwater fish species as intermediate or paratenic hosts, rarely reported as zoonotic agents. Tilapia, of great importance to human nutrition in many countries, can harbor larval stages of diverse <em>Contracaecum</em> species. Accurate examination of fish before marketing is crucial to ensure public health. We conducted a two-year survey of market-size tilapia farmed in Israel originating from 17 tilapia farms to assess the presence of <em>Contracaecum</em> larvae, including a retrospective calculation of infection prevalence and analysis of the accuracy of larval detection with various sample sizes. Between June 2020 and May 2022, <em>Contracaecum</em> larvae were found in 269/3605 (7.5 %) tilapia shipments. In 217 of these 269 (80.7 %) shipments, only a single larva was found. Among 380 <em>Contracaecum</em> larvae collected, only two were identified as <em>C. quadripapillatum</em>; all others were identified as <em>C. multipapillatum</em> E. The probability of tilapia being parasitized with <em>C. multipapillatum</em> E larvae is much higher than with <em>C. quadripapillatum</em>. Moreover, in the vast majority of tilapia shipments infected with <em>Contracaecum</em> larvae, only a single specimen was infected. Considering this relatively low prevalence, in a sample size of 30 fish tested for the presence of nematode larvae, there is only a 40 % probability of finding an infected specimen. Decision-makers should consider, among other factors, the sample size of tilapia to be inspected before marketing to reduce the chances of parasitized fish reaching the end consumer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CX3CL1/CX3CR1 involved modulation of microglial activation and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in angiostrongyliasis","authors":"Shih-Chan Lai ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsin Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng-You Lu ,&nbsp;Shiang-Suo Huang ,&nbsp;An-Chih Chen ,&nbsp;Ke-Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</em> typically infects humans through the ingestion of contaminated food or water containing the larvae. <em>A. cantonensis</em> is a neurotropic parasitic nematode that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Upon invasion of the CNS, <em>A. cantonensis</em> larvae elicit a pronounced immune response, rapidly activating microglia and triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis has been implicated in maintaining chronic microglial activation, which could exacerbate neuroinflammation. However, the precise role of this signaling pathway in angiostrongyliasis remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling in microglial activation and neuronal degeneration in CNS infections caused by <em>A. cantonensis.</em> We analyse the expression and downstream regulatory proteins using Western blotting and evaluate neuronal degeneration by Fluoro-Jade C staining in BALB/c mice infected with <em>A. cantonensis</em>. Infected mice showed a marked increase in the expression of Iba-1, CX3CL1, and CX3CR1, indicative of pronounced neuroinflammation. Concurrently, infection led to elevated p-tau accumulation and reduced NeuN expression, suggesting significant neuronal damage. Pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1 using AZD8797 mitigated these effects by downregulating CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling and attenuating neuronal degeneration. Further analysis revealed that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis activates the Nrf2/JNK/HO-1 pathway, contributing to oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory cascades. These findings establish the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis as a crucial regulator of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in <em>A. cantonensis</em> infection. Targeting this pathway can offer a viable therapeutic strategy to mitigate inflammation of the CNS and prevent neurodegenerative consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2405-6766(25)00032-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2405-6766(25)00032-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperinfection with Anisakis simplex sensu stricto: observations from a cluster of two cases in France","authors":"Manon Robert ,&nbsp;Maureen Duflot ,&nbsp;Fakhri Jeddi ,&nbsp;Carelle Koudougou ,&nbsp;Louise Durand ,&nbsp;Florent Morio ,&nbsp;Mélanie Gay ,&nbsp;Patrice Le Pape ,&nbsp;Rose-Anne Lavergne","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anisakidosis is an infection resulting from the ingestion of raw or undercooked fish products infected by Anisakidae larvae. Most infections are self-limiting in humans. We report a case of a 70-year-old woman who developed gastrointestinal symptoms after consumption of home-made ceviche of hake. Forty larvae of Anisakidae were removed during digestive fibroscopy. Based on a molecular method the larvae were identified as <em>Anisakis simplex s. s.</em> A second family member who had eaten the same meal was also diagnosed with anisakidosis. This cluster of two cases underlines the need to raise awareness of this disease in the general population and highlights the importance of cooking fish or freezing it prior to consumption in raw homemade dishes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing diagnostic, vaccine and therapeutic potential of selected Trichinella proteins","authors":"Anna Stachyra ,&nbsp;Justyna Bień-Kalinowska","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trichinellosis is an important zoonotic parasitosis caused by nematodes of the genus <em>Trichinella</em>. In humans, <em>Trichinella</em> infection occurs through the ingestion of raw or semi-cooked meat of animals infected with <em>Trichinella spp.</em> larvae, as the causative agent. Over the past decade, technological developments have enabled great achievements in the study of the genome, secretome and proteome of <em>Trichinella</em>. These achievements provide knowledge to screen, identify, and compare the proteins and antigens involved in the host-parasite communication and interactions with the host's immune system and thus constituting diagnostic, vaccine, or therapeutic targets. Much attention has been focused on identifying and characterizing proteins from different <em>Trichinella</em> stages to find molecules useful for serodiagnosis and vaccine development. This review presents a number of recombinant proteins examined as candidates for diagnosis of <em>Trichinella</em> infection. However, antigens suitable for improved early diagnosis or detection are not yet available. Identification of potential vaccine candidates against trichinellosis remains a significant challenge. Various recombinant protein vaccines have been reviewed to improve the protective effect against <em>Trichinella</em> infection in mice, rat or swine models. A considerable amount of research has investigated the immunomodulatory potential of <em>Trichinella</em> proteins. The application of total ES products as well as individual components in recombinant form, showed that they exert strong immunomodulatory effects and can act prophylactically or therapeutically in animal models of autoimmune diseases. This paper provides an overview and summary of recent achievements in the field of <em>Trichinella</em> recombinant proteins, emphasizing their potential application to diagnosis, vaccination, and modulation of allergy and oncogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}