Food and Waterborne Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Surrogates of foodborne and waterborne protozoan parasites: A review","authors":"Laure Augendre ,&nbsp;Damien Costa ,&nbsp;Sandie Escotte-Binet ,&nbsp;Dominique Aubert ,&nbsp;Isabelle Villena ,&nbsp;Aurélien Dumètre ,&nbsp;Stéphanie La Carbona","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The protozoan parasites <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em>, <em>Cyclospora cayetanensis</em>, and <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> are major causes of waterborne and foodborne diseases worldwide. The assessment of their removal or inactivation during water treatment and food processing remains challenging, partly because research on these parasites is hindered by various economical, ethical, methodological, and biological constraints. To address public health concerns and gain new knowledge, researchers are increasingly seeking alternatives to the use of such pathogenic parasites. Over the past few decades, several non-pathogenic microorganisms and manufactured microparticles have been evaluated as potential surrogates of waterborne and foodborne protozoan parasites. Here, we review the surrogates that have been reported for <em>C. parvum</em>, <em>C. cayetanensis</em>, and <em>T. gondii</em> oocysts, and discuss their use and relevance to assess the transport, removal, and inactivation of these parasites in food and water matrices. Biological surrogates including non-human pathogenic <em>Eimeria</em> parasites, microorganisms found in water sources (anaerobic and aerobic spore-forming bacteria, algae), and non-biological surrogates (i.e. manufactured microparticles) have been identified. We emphasize that such surrogates have to be carefully selected and implemented depending on the parasite and the targeted application. <em>Eimeria</em> oocysts appear as promising surrogates to investigate in the future the pathogenic coccidian parasites <em>C. cayetanensis</em> and <em>T. gondii</em> that are the most challenging to work with.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676623000252/pdfft?md5=b5cb6902fa2600c2d7950a2fc31af632&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676623000252-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91640364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an immunochromatography-based point-of-care test kit for a rapid diagnosis of human cysticercosis","authors":"Lakkhana Sadaow ,&nbsp;Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew ,&nbsp;Rutchanee Rodpai ,&nbsp;Penchom Janwan ,&nbsp;Oranuch Sanpool ,&nbsp;Tongjit Thanchomnang ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Morishima ,&nbsp;Marcello Otake Sato ,&nbsp;Yasuhito Sako ,&nbsp;Kaoru Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Misako Iwai ,&nbsp;Wanchai Maleewong ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yamasaki ,&nbsp;Pewpan M. Intapan","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human cysticercosis is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by infection with larvae (cysticerci) of the pork tapeworm, <em>Taenia solium</em>. This can affect the nervous system causing chronic headache and intracranial hypertension, potentially leading to epileptic seizures and paralysis. The disease is found in developing countries, especially in Southeast and South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Central and South America where porcine cysticercosis is endemic and people have a habit of eating undercooked pork. An immunochromatography-based test (ICT) kit, using <em>T. solium</em> cyst fluid as antigen, was manufactured to detect anti-<em>T. solium</em> IgG antibodies in human serum. To evaluate the kit, we used 187 serum samples including 24 from proven/confirmed cysticercosis cases, 133 from cases with other parasitosis and 30 healthy controls. Diagnostic efficiencies were calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 83.3%, 92.0%, and 90.9%, respectively. Moreover, the ICT was positive before treatment but became negative after treatment, implying that this kit is also useful for follow-up monitoring post-treatment. In conclusion, we have successfully developed and present preliminary evaluation of an easy-to-handle rapid diagnostic tool for human cysticercosis in the form of an ICT platform using as antigen fluid from <em>T. solium</em> cysticerci.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10589370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring potentially pathogenic protists in sewage sludge using Metataxonomics","authors":"Nicolas Rozo-Montoya ,&nbsp;Katherine Bedoya-Urrego ,&nbsp;Juan F. Alzate","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intestinal parasites continue to pose a significant threat to human health worldwide, particularly among children. Contaminated water and soil serve as major transmission vehicles for these parasites and intestinal protists are among the most prevalent parasites in both developed and developing nations. Traditionally, parasites have been studied using human or animal fecal samples, while studying them in environmental samples has been challenging due to technical limitations. However, advancements in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatic approaches now enable the detection of parasite DNA in environmental samples. In this study, we applied a metataxonomic and phylogenetic strategy to detect and classify DNA of protists present in sewage sludge from two major cities in Colombia: Medellin and Cali. We successfully detected several human pathogenic parasites including <em>Giardia intestinalis</em>, <em>Entamoeba histolytica,</em> and <em>Blastocystis</em> sp., among other protists, in all sludge samples examined. We also investigated the entry and exit of parasite DNA from the San Fernando wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). We observed a higher number of parasite DNA sequences in the plant's influent wastewater, but we also detected the discharge of DNA from pathogenic parasites in both effluent waters and biosolids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/88/main.PMC10558727.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human gnathostomiasis: A review on the biology of the parasite with special reference on the current therapeutic management","authors":"Kathyleen Nogrado ,&nbsp;Poom Adisakwattana ,&nbsp;Onrapak Reamtong","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Gnathostoma</em> is a parasitic nematode that can infect a wide range of animal species, but human populations have become accidental hosts because of their habit of eating raw or undercooked meat from a wide variety of intermediate hosts. While gnathostomiasis is considered an endemic disease, cases of human gnathostomiasis have been increasing over time, most notably in nonendemic areas. There are several complexities to this parasitic disease, and this review provides an update on human gnathostomiasis, including the life cycle, diagnosis, treatment, and treatment strategies used to combat drug resistance. Even now, a definitive diagnosis of gnathostomiasis is still challenging because it is difficult to isolate larvae for parasitological confirmation. Another reason is the varying clinical symptoms recorded in reported cases. Clinical cases can be confirmed by immunodiagnosis. For <em>Gnathosotoma spinigerum</em>, the detection of IgG against a specific antigenic band with a molecular weight of 24 kDa from <em>G. spinigerum</em> advanced third-stage larvae (aL3), while for other species of <em>Gnathostoma</em> including <em>G. binucleatum</em>, the 33-kDa antigen protein is being used. This review also discusses cases of recurrence of gnathostomiasis and resistance mechanisms to two effective chemotherapeutics (albendazole and ivermectin) used against gnathostomiasis. This is significant, especially when planning strategies to combat anthelmintic resistance. Lastly, while no new chemotherapeutics against gnathostomiasis have been made available, we describe the management of recurrent gnathostomiasis using albendazole and ivermectin combinations or extensions of drug treatment plans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/15/main.PMC10502356.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protozoan parasites and free-living amoebae contamination in organic leafy green vegetables and strawberries from Spain","authors":"L. Moreno-Mesonero ,&nbsp;L. Soler ,&nbsp;I. Amorós ,&nbsp;Y. Moreno ,&nbsp;M.A. Ferrús ,&nbsp;J.L. Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the presence of <em>Acanthamoeba</em> spp., <em>Blastocystis</em> sp., <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp., <em>Cyclospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia</em> sp., <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> and <em>Vermamoeba vermiformis</em> was assessed in organic leafy green vegetables (lettuce, spinach, cabbage) and fruits (strawberry), which are usually consumed raw. A total of 110 organic samples were collected in Valencia (Spain). Protozoa were concentrated before detection by immunofluorescence (<em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. and <em>Giardia</em> sp.) or real-time qPCR (<em>Acanthamoeba</em> spp., <em>Blastocystis</em> sp., <em>C. cayetanensis</em>, <em>E. histolytica</em>, <em>T. gondii</em> and <em>V. vermiformis</em>). The most abundant protozoa in organic vegetables and berry fruits were <em>Acanthamoeba</em> (65.5%), followed by <em>T. gondii</em> (37.2%), <em>V. vermiformis</em> (17.3%), <em>C. cayetanensis</em> (12.7%), <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. (6.8%), <em>Blastocystis</em> sp. (1.8%) and <em>Giardia</em> sp. (1.7%). <em>E. histolytica</em> was not found in any of the organic samples. Thus, results showed that consumers can be exposed to protozoan parasites by consuming organic vegetables and berry fruits. This is the first report in Spain describing the presence of the protozoan pathogens <em>Acanthamoeba</em> spp., <em>Blastocystis</em> sp., <em>C. cayetanensis</em>, <em>T. gondii</em> and <em>V. vermiformis</em>, <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. and <em>Giardia</em> sp. in organic fresh produce. The results of this research will help determine the risk of foodborne protozoan parasites on organic leafy greens and strawberries that are available at local markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/52/main.PMC10316001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9858302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2405-6766(23)00021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2405-6766(23)00021-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of digenean parasites in freshwater snails in the Murrumbidgee catchment area, Australia","authors":"Shokoofeh Shamsi ,&nbsp;Alice Banfield ,&nbsp;Nidhish Francis ,&nbsp;Diane P. Barton ,&nbsp;Matthew McLellan","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater snails are important hosts in the life cycles of many medically important parasites, particularly for digenetic trematodes such as liver flukes and schistosomes. The current study was conducted to determine the infection of freshwater snails with parasites that can potentially be transmitted to humans within the Murrumbidgee catchment area which is an area of widespread intensive aquaculture in Australia. A total of 116 freshwater snails, belonging to three species (<em>Isidorella hainesii, Glyptophysa novaehollandica</em> and <em>Bullastra lesson</em><em>i</em>)<em>,</em> were examined for the presence of parasites in both man-made and natural environments. The analysis of sequence data, including the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, small subunit (18S) ribosomal DNA, and large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA, indicated that the collected parasites belonged to two distinct genera, namely <em>Clinostomum</em> and <em>Echinostoma</em>. It is noteworthy that species of both of these digenean parasites have the potential to be zoonotic. Cercariae of both <em>Clinostomum</em> and <em>Echinostoma</em> were observed in snails collected from aquaculture settings. It is important to highlight that infectious stages of <em>Clinostomum</em>  has been previously detected in edible fish within Australia. This information raises concerns regarding the potential transmission of these parasites to humans through the consumption of contaminated fish. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring and controlling the presence of <em>Clinostomum</em> and <em>Echinostoma</em> in aquaculture environments to minimise the risk of zoonotic infections and ensure food safety. Further research and surveillance are needed to better understand the prevalence, transmission dynamics, and potential public health implications associated with these parasites in the context of aquaculture in Australia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/c9/main.PMC10504687.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10279483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low prevalence of Contracaecum third-stage larvae parasitizing Sea of Galilee fisheries: 1-year survey after 57 years of no information","authors":"Nadav Davidovich ,&nbsp;Perla Tedesco ,&nbsp;Monica Caffara ,&nbsp;Valentina Luci ,&nbsp;Alessia Cantori ,&nbsp;Danny Morick ,&nbsp;Maria Letizia Fioravanti ,&nbsp;Andrea Gustinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater and marine ecosystems are a suitable habitat for parasitic nematodes of the genus <em>Contracaecum</em> (family: Anisakidae) to complete their complex life cycle. Several fish species of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) were reported in 1964 as second intermediate/paratenic hosts of <em>Contracaecum</em> spp. larvae. The lack of taxonomically relevant morphological features of these larvae hindered their proper identification. Here we report the results of a 1-year survey conducted in 2021, 57 years after the first (and only) such survey. We analyzed 352 specimens from 10 fish species (native and non-native) of the Sea of Galilee (Israel) ichthyofauna. We compared our results with those of the first parasitological survey conducted by Paperna in 1964; the overall prevalence of nematodes referable to <em>Contracaecum</em> larvae was 16.8% and 0.85% in 1964 and in 2021, respectively. Different from the first survey that identified <em>Contracaecum</em> larvae morphologically, we used both morphological and molecular tools. Two wild native cyprinids—Jordan himri (<em>Carasobarbus canis</em>) and Jordan barbel (<em>Luciobarbus longiceps</em>)—were infected (a single specimen each) with <em>Contracaecum quadripapillatum</em> larvae in their abdominal cavity. A single specimen of blue tilapia (<em>Oreochromis aureus</em>) was infected with two larvae of <em>Contracaecum multipapillatum</em> E, localized in the pericardial cavity. The findings of our study, which is part of a large project focused on <em>Contracaecum</em> spp. infecting both piscivorous birds and fish collected in Israel, advance our knowledge about the distribution and host range of this potentially zoonotic parasite in fishery products of the Sea of Galilee.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spread of Toxoplasma gondii among animals and humans in Northern Italy: A retrospective analysis in a One-Health framework","authors":"F.M. Dini ,&nbsp;S. Morselli ,&nbsp;A. Marangoni ,&nbsp;R. Taddei ,&nbsp;G. Maioli ,&nbsp;G. Roncarati ,&nbsp;A. Balboni ,&nbsp;F. Dondi ,&nbsp;F. Lunetta ,&nbsp;R. Galuppi","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxoplasmosis occurs worldwide and is considered one of the most important food-borne parasitic zoonoses. The consumption of undercooked meat containing viable tissue cysts and ingestion of environmental oocyst are the most important sources of infection. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the spread of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> in the province of Bologna (Emilia-Romagna region) in northern Italy, with a One Health approach, comparing seropositivity rates in different animal species and in humans over the last 19 and 4 years respectively. Analyses were performed on serological data collected over different periods at three separate locations: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e della Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER); Veterinary University Hospital Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna; and Unit of Microbiology, St. Orsola Hospital, Bologna. Most relevant seropositivity rates observed in animals were 15.5% (wild boar), 25% (roe deer), 18.7% (goat), 29.9% (sheep), 9.7% (pigs), 42.9% and 21.8% in cat and dog, respectively. A comprehensive screening was conducted on a population of 36,814 individuals, revealing a prevalence of 20.4%. Among pregnant women, a frequence of 0.39% for active toxoplasmosis was observed. Despite certain limitations, this study provided valuable insights into the extensive distribution of this parasitic infection among diverse animal species and human populations in the province of Bologna. These findings underscore the importance of implementing consistent and proactive toxoplasmosis screening protocols during pregnancy, while emphasizing the critical need for adopting a One Health approach for effective control of this parasitic disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii in meat of adult sheep in Spain","authors":"María Paz Peris,&nbsp;Amalia Xía García,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Castillo,&nbsp;Juan José Badiola,&nbsp;Nabil Halaihel,&nbsp;María Serrano,&nbsp;María Jesús Gracia","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, an intracellular parasite that presents a worldwide risk. Humans can become infected by ingesting meat infected with <em>T. gondii</em>, and the consumption of infected sheep and goat meat is a significant public health issue. Antibodies against <em>T. gondii</em> have been found in sheep in Spain, indicating the presence of the parasite in the country. However, no previous studies have assessed the presence of <em>T. gondii</em> in sheep meat in Spain. In view of the significance of the transmission of <em>T. gondii</em> through meat consumption and given the lack of previous studies in Spain, we carried out an investigation to evaluate the presence of <em>T. gondii</em> in adult sheep meat (mutton). A total of 216 muscle samples were analyzed by digestion, and a real-time PCR assay was used to determine the presence of <em>T. gondii</em> DNA. A total of 24.5% of the samples were found to be parasitized, indicating that the consumption of sheep meat can present an important risk for human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}