Food and Waterborne Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2405-6766(24)00026-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2405-6766(24)00026-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240567662400026X/pdfft?md5=b4424fee49115d3321686e34a0ab0fb1&pid=1-s2.0-S240567662400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filters comprised of sand and Zero Valent Iron hold promise as tools to mitigate risk posed by Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts","authors":"C. Yeager ,&nbsp;M. Tucker ,&nbsp;A. Gutierrez ,&nbsp;C. O'Brien ,&nbsp;M. Sharma ,&nbsp;V. Fournet ,&nbsp;J.P. Dubey ,&nbsp;M. Jenkins ,&nbsp;K. Kniel ,&nbsp;B.M. Rosenthal","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Irrigation water contaminated by human fecal material may elevate the risk of produce contamination with the enteric parasite <em>Cyclospora cayetanensis.</em> Oocysts of <em>C. cayetanensis</em> are resistant to commonly used disinfectants and a method of removing <em>C. cayetanensis</em> from irrigation water would mitigate this risk. We evaluated zero valent iron (ZVI) sand filtration as one such method. We sought to determine if sand filters containing ZVI outperformed those without ZVI. We first evaluated the abundant poultry parasites <em>Eimeria maxima</em>, <em>E. tenella</em> and <em>E. acervulina</em> as surrogates for <em>C. cayetanensis</em>. We determined if a miniaturized gravity fed ZVI-sand filter, scaled to evaluate scarce supplies of <em>C. cayetanensis</em> oocysts, provided useful information about the performance of larger filtration systems. Filters were inoculated with oocysts, rinsed, and the resulting filtrate examined microscopically for oocysts. We performed experiments to measure the effect of varying ZVI concentrations, repeated filter use, simulated agricultural water, and oocyst size and condition. We then compared the performance of mini filters to that of larger, gravity-fed pool filters and found that ZVI-sand filtration was far more effective at removing <em>Eimeria</em> spp. from water when compared to sand filtration, at both scales. Sand mini filters retained 13–54 % of <em>E. acervulina</em> oocysts, and pool filters retained 82 %, but when combined with 50 % (mini filter) or 35 % (pool filter) <em>v</em>/v ZVI, mini filters retained 89–99 % of oocysts and pool filters retained &gt;99 %. The effectiveness of the mini filters increased with increasing ZVI concentration, and the addition of ZVI far outweighed the influence of any other measured variable. We then performed experiments including <em>C. cayetanensis</em>, which provided similar results to those utilizing <em>Eimeria</em>; 59 % of inoculated <em>C. cayetanensis</em> oocysts were retained in sand mini filters, and 97 % in mini filters composed of 35 % <em>v</em>/v ZVI. In sum, ZVI is highly effective in removing oocysts from water and <em>Eimeria</em> is a useful surrogate for <em>C. cayetanensis</em> to assess filtration. ZVI-sand filtration shows promise as a tool to mitigate the risk of <em>C. cayetanensis</em> contamination of irrigation water. Further studies should evaluate the performance of ZVI-sand in pressurized fast filtration systems under a range of field conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article e00243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000258/pdfft?md5=bbf171f834dbc70de72425db565754f5&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foodborne concerns of Blastocystis spp. in marine animals (fish, bivalves, and sponges): A systematic review and meta-analysis of global prevalence and subtypes distribution","authors":"Mohammad Ghafari-Cherati ,&nbsp;Amin Karampour ,&nbsp;Seyedeh-Sara Nazem-Sadati ,&nbsp;Ali Asghari","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Blastocystis</em> spp. is a common intestinal parasite found in humans and various animals, including marine species like fish, bivalves, and sponges. While traditionally considered non-pathogenic, emerging evidence suggests potential foodborne concerns, especially for vulnerable populations. The present systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) until June 13, 2024, for studies reporting the prevalence and subtypes (STs) distribution of <em>Blastocystis</em> spp. in marine animals, including fish, bivalves, and sponges, to assess foodborne concern and zoonotic importance. In the analysis of 11 studies involving 1329 marine animals from nine countries, five studies/datasets (742 samples) focused on fish, five studies/datasets (567 samples) on bivalves, and one (20 samples) on sponges. This review found that 12.4 % (95 % CI: 4.3–31 %) of marine animals globally were infected by <em>Blastocystis</em> spp., with bivalves showing the highest infection rate at 32 % (95 % CI: 13–59.7 %), exceeding sponges with a single study at 10 % (95 % CI: 2.5–32.4 %), and fish at 4.4 % (95 % CI: 2–9.3 %). Sensitivity analysis assessed changes in weighted prevalence after excluding certain studies. A subgroup analysis of <em>Blastocystis</em> spp. prevalence was conducted based on publication years, countries, continents, WHO regions, and sample sizes. The data collected indicated that marine animals serve as suitable reservoirs for various <em>Blastocystis</em> spp. STs (ST1-ST4, ST7, ST8, ST10, ST14, ST23, ST26, and ST44), with most (except for ST26 and ST44) having the potential for zoonotic transmission. Overall, the findings emphasize the potential for foodborne risk posed by <em>Blastocystis</em> spp. in marine animals and highlight the need for improved monitoring and control measures to ensure food safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000246/pdfft?md5=3a2f1a00dcec4ef666712825e4386312&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000246-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia infections and their associated factors among schoolchildren in the Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Tadesse Hailu,&nbsp;Getaneh Alemu","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, intestinal protozoa <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> and <em>Giardia lamblia</em> are the cause of amoebiasis and giardiasis, respectively. Despite their important medical importance and common occurrence in Ethiopia, they are minimally addressed in terms of their prevalence, sensitive diagnostic methods, and associated risk factors. Infections with <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> and <em>G. lamblia</em> are often misdiagnosed and underreported in impoverished countries. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of <em>Giardia lamblia</em> and <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> infections as well as related variables among schoolchildren in the Amhara region. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 844 schoolchildren in the Amhara region from April to December 2019. A stool sample was collected from each study participant and processed via the formol ether concentration technique (FECT) and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques (STST). Data were entered in EpiData and analysed by SPSS statistical software. The prevalence of <em>E. histolytica</em> and <em>G. lamblia</em> infections using each diagnostic method and composite reference was determined by descriptive statistics. The association of risk factors with <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> and <em>G. lamblia</em> infections was analysed by logistic regression and variables with <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 were considered to have statistical significance. From the total, 243 (28.8%) schoolchildren were found to be infected by at least one of <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> or <em>G. lamblia</em>. The prevalence of <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> and <em>G. lamblia</em> infections was 201 (23.8%) and 62 (7.3%), respectively. The co-infection prevalence with both <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> and <em>G. lamblia</em> was 22 (2.6%). The sensitivity (78.6%) and negative predictive value of STST (19.6%) were higher than FECT sensitivity (65.4%) and negative predictive value (13.1%). Children in 10–14 years of age (AOR = 1.66;95%CI: 1.16–2.38), lived in the rural (AOR = 1.97;95%CI: 1.12–3.49), used latrine improperly (AOR = 1.49;95%CI: 1.04–2.13), did not wash hands before meal (AOR = 2.10; 95%CI:1.08–4.10), and after latrine (AOR = 1.51;95%CI: 1.05–2.19), ate unwashed raw vegetables (AOR = 1.85;95%CI:1.26–2.70), and played with soil (AOR = 1.48;95%CI:1.06–2.06) were associated with <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> and <em>G. lamblia</em> infection. These findings revealed high prevalence of <em>E. histolytica/dispar</em> and <em>G. lamblia</em> infections was high in the Amhara region. Therefore, proper implementation of water, sanitation and hygiene should be advocated at the community and school levels to mitigate the disease burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000234/pdfft?md5=e2583e7a393b915173c94a01047a3ff2&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological evidence of human exposure to foodborne zoonotic parasites in Romanian patients and possible association with food habits and hygiene","authors":"Violeta Briciu ,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Kalmár ,&nbsp;Anca Ieremia ,&nbsp;Mihaela Lupșe ,&nbsp;Mirela Flonta ,&nbsp;Monica Muntean ,&nbsp;Cristina Cismaru ,&nbsp;Melinda Horvat ,&nbsp;Amanda Rădulescu ,&nbsp;Adriana Topan ,&nbsp;Cristian Jianu ,&nbsp;Angela Monica Ionică","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humans may become accidental dead-end hosts for a series of zoonotic foodborne parasites, of which <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, <em>Echinococcus</em> spp., <em>Toxocara</em> spp., and <em>Trichinella spiralis</em> are of major public health interest, due to their potential pathological implications. The aims of the study were to evaluate the exposure to these pathogens in north-western Romania, and to investigate their potential association to risk factors. From June 2022 to January 2024, 554 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in north-western Romania were screened for the presence of IgG antibodies against <em>T. gondii</em>, <em>Echinococcus</em> spp., <em>Toxocara canis</em>, and <em>T. spiralis</em> by ELISA, and potential risks were assessed using a questionnaire. Overall, 225 samples (40.6%) were positive for at least one pathogen. The highest seroprevalence for IgG was found for <em>T. gondii</em> (33.9%), followed by <em>Echinococcus</em> spp. (9.1%), <em>T. spiralis</em> (2.9%)<em>,</em> and <em>T. canis</em> (1.1%). For <em>T. spiralis</em>, raw meat consumption was associated with positivity. For <em>T. gondii,</em> increased age, rural environment, contact with cats, consumption of unwashed fruits/vegetables and drinking water from unverified sources were significantly associated to seropositivity. The present study provides new insights into the epidemiological status of zoonotic foodborne parasite in Romania, underlining the need to increase awareness on the importance of water, sanitation and food habits in relation with this neglected pathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000222/pdfft?md5=a166f282445366862aca9e71ada58866&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Over a century of progress on Trichinella research in pigs at the United States Department of Agriculture: Challenges and solutions","authors":"Jitender P. Dubey,&nbsp;Peter C. Thompson,&nbsp;Valsin Fournet,&nbsp;Dolores E. Hill ,&nbsp;Dante Zarlenga ,&nbsp;H. Ray Gamble ,&nbsp;Benjamin M. Rosenthal","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trichinellosis, caused by 13 species/subspecies/genotypes in the nematode genus <em>Trichinella</em>, is a worldwide zoonosis. In the United States, trichinellosis was of historical and economic significance because of European restrictions on the import of U.S. pork. Before the advent of effective protective measures, most cases of trichinellosis were derived from consumption of undercooked or inadequately processed, infected pork. Research conducted at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) since 1891, and policies established by USDA regulatory agencies, have helped to reduce <em>Trichinella</em> infections in commercially raised domestic pigs to negligible levels. Here, we review the history of this scientific progress, placing special emphasis on research conducted at the USDA's Beltsville Agricultural Research Center.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000210/pdfft?md5=dcf75dffc252930512b6ae9786b10464&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of Metagonimus romanicus (Ciurea, 1915) metacercariae after physico-chemical treatments","authors":"Martina Gyöngy ,&nbsp;Boglárka Sellyei ,&nbsp;István Czeglédi ,&nbsp;Csaba Székely ,&nbsp;Gábor Cech","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digenean (Heterophyidae) trematodes include several zoonotic species such as the genus <em>Metagonimus</em> (Katsurada, 1912). <em>Metagonimus romanicus</em> (Ciurea, 1915) is a species widely distributed in Europe, whose metacercariae can be found on cyprinoids from the River Danube in Hungary. The aim of the study was to measure the viability of <em>Metagonimus romanicus</em> metacercariae by physical (freezing, heating, desiccation) and chemical (acetic acid and NaCl solutions) treatments. The methods were chosen as a model for procedures commonly used in traditional food preservation (such as freezing, salting, pickling and smoking) to measure the survival rate of metacercariae under different conditions. Most physical treatments (freezing of metacercariae at −20 °C, keeping them at 40 °C and 60 °C and desiccation) and chemical treatments (2.5%, 5%, 10% acetic acid solution and 5% and 10% NaCl solution) killed the metacercariae in a relatively short time (from 30 min to 6 days depending on the treatment) so their effects eliminated the risk of zoonotic infection. On the other hand, the metacercariae survived at room temperature and at 4 °C up to one month. Therefore, storing unprepared fish in domestic refrigerators cannot prevent infection with metacercariae in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000180/pdfft?md5=67789140c9cdfa84f3204f48020323da&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciola hepatica: Updates on egg morphology, host range, and distribution","authors":"Olga Loginova ,&nbsp;Boris Efeykin ,&nbsp;Anna Krutikova ,&nbsp;Ivan Mizin ,&nbsp;Sergei Spiridonov","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During a survey for helminths in reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>) across the Palearctic region, eggs were found in zoo reindeer feces. These were identified as eggs of <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> based on their morphology, morphometrics, location, and analysis of their partial sequence of ITS rDNA region. Some of the eggs had an appendage, previously unreported. Additionally, adults of <em>F. hepatica</em> were studied. Eggs derived from their uteri were also appendaged. Diagnostic morphological traits of <em>F. hepatica</em> eggs (abopercular appendage, knob, egg shell thickening, and egg shape) are discussed in this article. Three dimensional models of <em>F. hepatica</em> eggs were created to demonstrate the eggs features as best as possible. Since fecal examination remains gold standard in diagnosing fasciolosis in humans and animals worldwide, our findings may contribute to improved diagnostics. This research has also shown that reindeer can be a final host for <em>F. hepatica</em>. We also discuss whether the Novaya Zemlya archipelago might be the northernmost site of fasciolosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000192/pdfft?md5=23fa16089f7f240a103dff16c2eacf45&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance for Trichinella infection in U.S. pigs raised under controlled management documents negligible risk for public health","authors":"H. Ray Gamble ,&nbsp;Dolores E. Hill ,&nbsp;Valsin Fournet ,&nbsp;Brandon Adams ,&nbsp;Diane Hawkins-Cooper ,&nbsp;Jorrell Fredericks ,&nbsp;Jovan Aquino ,&nbsp;Sonia Agu ,&nbsp;Nadya Chehab ,&nbsp;Ako Ankrah ,&nbsp;Maria C. Antognoli ,&nbsp;Marta D. Remmenga ,&nbsp;Scott Kramer ,&nbsp;Lori Gustafson ,&nbsp;Benjamin M. Rosenthal","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biosecurity measures preventing exposure of pigs to rodents, wildlife, and contaminated feed or waste products reduce the risk of zoonotic <em>Trichinella</em> infection in pork. To understand the benefits of such measures in the United States, we conducted the first comprehensive survey of pigs produced under the Pork Quality Assurance Plus production standard, surveying 3,208,643 pork samples from twelve processing locations tested over a period of 54 months. We detected no <em>Trichinella</em> sp. positives in any of these pork samples, providing a 95% confidence in a <em>Trichinella</em> sp. prevalence of &lt;1 in 1,000,000 for the processors represented by the study. These results are consistent with international guidelines for having a negligible risk to public health. Results obtained here should generalize to all PQA+ sources, as <em>Trichinella</em> sp. exposure risk is based on production guidelines that extend to the larger PQA+ population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000209/pdfft?md5=9cb74fd6ad79768ab8b5d3e6f69d544d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global epidemiology and species/genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium in camels: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Farzad Mahdavi ,&nbsp;Farajolah Maleki ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Ali Asghari ,&nbsp;Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2024.e00235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review analyzed reported data of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> prevalence in camels and the species/genotype distribution. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar) were screened, and studies published by April 1, 2024, were included. Total estimates and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. The weighted prevalence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in 7372 camels examined from 12 different countries was estimated at 13.8% with a 95% CI of 10.3–18.4%. The sensitivity analysis based on excluding the individual studies did not result in significant statistical changes in the final weighted prevalence. Subgroup prevalence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in camels was analyzed by publication year, continent, WHO region, country, camel type, sample size, diagnostic method, age, and gender. A significant publication bias (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) was reported in the present study. Limitations encountered in this study encompassed: insufficient study diversity, reliance on single study results, inadequate molecular and serological studies in comparison to microscopic studies, etc., all of which could impact the findings. The study identified eight <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in camels: <em>C. parvum</em>, <em>C. andersoni</em>, <em>C. bovis</em>, <em>C. muris</em>, <em>C. ratti</em>, <em>C. occultus</em>, <em>C. ubiquitum</em>, and <em>C. hominis</em>. The first three species had pooled prevalence rates of 65.5%, 66%, and 19.2%, respectively. Each of the remaining five species was documented using a single dataset/study. Moreover, genotypes IIdA19G1, IIaA15G1R1, If-like-A15G2, IIdA15G1, IIaA15G2R1, IIaA17G2R1, and IIaA18G2R1 (<em>C. parvum</em>), genotype IV (<em>C. ratti</em>), genotype XIIa (<em>C. ubiquitum</em>), and genotype IkA19G1 (<em>C. hominis</em>) have been identified in camels globally. The findings suggest that camels can act as a source of infection for a variety of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species/genotypes, and can therefore play a key role in disseminating this protozoan to humans and animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e00235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676624000179/pdfft?md5=3c3128cfd2d1685a338f2627f1f3cf00&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676624000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}