Food and Waterborne Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence and characterisation of Eustrongylides species in Australian native birds and fish","authors":"Shokoofeh Shamsi ,&nbsp;Nidhish Francis ,&nbsp;Juliet Masiga ,&nbsp;Diane P. Barton ,&nbsp;Xiaocheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Luke Pearce ,&nbsp;Matthew McLellan","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Australia, nematodes belonging to the genus <em>Eustrongylides</em> were believed to be endemic species until the late 20th century when they were all considered to be <em>E. excisus</em>, invalid or <em>inquirendae</em>. Although these nematodes have frequently been reported in Australian fish, reptiles, and birds and cause disease or mortality among them, there has been no attempt to date to characterise them genetically. Globally, also, no one has validated or defined suitable genetic markers to distinguish between species of <em>Eustrongylides</em>. In this study, adult <em>Eustrongylides</em> from little black cormorant (<em>Phalacrocorax sulcirostris</em>; <em>n</em> = 3) and larvae from mountain galaxias (<em>Galaxias olidus, n</em> = 2) and a Murray cod (<em>Maccullochella peelii</em>, <em>n</em> = 1), and a Murray cod-trout cod hybrids (<em>Maccullochella peelii</em> x <em>Maccullochella macquariensis</em>, n = 1) were available for morphological examination and molecular characterisation. The adult nematodes from cormorants were identified as <em>E. excisus</em>. Sequences of the 18S and ITS regions were then obtained for all nematodes, which were identical among all specimens (larvae and adults) and also identical to those of <em>E. excisus</em> available in the GenBank. However, only one base pair difference exists between the 18S sequences of <em>E. excisus</em> and <em>E. ignotus,</em> with limited sequences available in GenBank accompanied with proper morphological data for the nematodes. With that limitation in mind, identifying our specimens as <em>E. excisus</em> suggests spill-over – that it is an introduced parasite species that has successfully established its life cycle among Australian native species – may have occurred. Our study is the first report of <em>E. excisus</em> in the little black cormorant, <em>P. sulcirostris.</em> Our results do not exclude the possibility of the occurrence of other species of <em>Eustrongylides,</em> either native or exotic, in Australia. This parasite is zoonotic and with increasing demand for fish and changing dietary preferences, such as the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, its occurrence in the flesh of the fish is concerning. This parasite is also associated with anthropogenic habitat alteration affecting the reproductive success of the infected hosts. Therefore, awareness among the relevant authorities of the presence of the parasite in Australia and its adverse impact on native animals is crucial for the success of conservation plans such as fish recovery and relocation efforts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50201058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciolosis in the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France): Insights from epidemiological and malacological investigations","authors":"A. Alba ,&nbsp;S. Grech-Angelini ,&nbsp;A.A. Vázquez ,&nbsp;P. Alda ,&nbsp;Q. Blin ,&nbsp;L. Lemmonier ,&nbsp;A. Chauvin ,&nbsp;C. Chartier ,&nbsp;P. Douchet ,&nbsp;S. Hurtrez-Boussès ,&nbsp;O. Rey ,&nbsp;J. Foata ,&nbsp;J. Boissier ,&nbsp;Y. Quilichini","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fasciolosis is a re-emergent parasitic disease of worldwide significance with a major global impact on livestock health and production. In the French Mediterranean island of Corsica, fasciolosis has been recognized for a long time but little is known about its dynamic as the main investigations are outdated. Three compartments - definitive domestic hosts, intermediate hosts and environment - involved in fasciolosis transmission were studied by applying an integrative and extensive approach: (1) farm and abattoir surveys, (2) snail sampling, identification and infection prospection, and (3) snail habitat analysis; and (4) a questionnaire-based survey to inquire about husbandry practices and environmental risks. Our results indicate a significant circulation of the liver flukes in Corsican livestock, with 90% (252/279) of the sampled farms testing positive for anti-<em>F. hepatica</em> antibodies. At the abattoir, 46% (67/149) of cattle were positive for <em>F. hepatica</em> antibodies and eggs were present in the bile of 19% (26/139) bovines. In addition, high prevalence of <em>Dicrocoelium dendriticum</em> (69%) was observed in slaughtered cattle. Malacological surveys registered the occurrence of several lymnaeid species in a variety of habitats throughout the island. In particular, we report for the first time the presence of the invasive lymnaeid snail <em>Pseudosuccinea columella</em> in Corsica, a potential intermediate host for <em>F. hepatica</em>. We also found that the presence of <em>Galba truncatula</em> and, to a lesser extent, that of <em>Peregriana peregra,</em> is associated with altitude. <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> DNA was detected in the latter species occurring at two different sites. Finally, a questionnaire-based study revealed risky management practices among Corsican farmers, low perception of transmission and a suboptimal use of flukicide treatments as main control strategy. Our results show that animal fasciolosis in Corsica is characterised by a significant circulation and a favourable epidemiological scenario for transmission to occur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/98/dd/main.PMC9883184.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental DNA in human and veterinary parasitology - Current applications and future prospects for monitoring and control","authors":"M.E. Sengupta ,&nbsp;C. Lynggaard ,&nbsp;S. Mukaratirwa ,&nbsp;B.J. Vennervald ,&nbsp;A.S. Stensgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parasites are important pathogens with significant global economic, public and animal health impacts. Successful control or elimination of many parasitic diseases, not least neglected tropical parasites, will require scalable, sensitive and cost-effective monitoring tools. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods, used extensively in ecology for biomonitoring in natural ecosystems, offer promising advantages such reduced costs and labor requirements for species monitoring. Yet, the use of eDNA-based methods in parasitology and disease surveillance, has only recently begun to be explored. With this review, we wish to give an up-to-date overview of current uses and limitations of eDNA in human and veterinary parasitology, and how existing challenges can be overcome to fully utilize the potential of eDNA for monitoring and control of parasitic diseases. We begin by systematically searching published literature to identify studies that apply eDNA methods in parasitology and synthesize the main findings from these studies. We find that eDNA applications in parasitology only account for a small proportion (73/1960) of all eDNA publications up to now, and even fewer (27/73) studies, that apply eDNA methods specifically for parasites of human or veterinary importance. The majority of studies concern snail-borne trematodes and their intermediate host snails, while a few apply eDNA for mosquito vector species detection. A strong geographical bias, with only very few studies undertaken on the African continent, where parasites are of the biggest public health concern, is also noted. Current obstacles hindering further advances of eDNA methods in parasitology include incomplete reference databases, and challenges related to real-time monitoring in remote areas, and in certain LMIC settings. Finally, we point to future opportunities for eDNA-based research in parasitology and highlight recent innovations in eDNA research, which could further develop its application for monitoring and control of parasitic diseases and vectors in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/f4/main.PMC9677080.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40702401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2405-6766(22)00042-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2405-6766(22)00042-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676622000427/pdfft?md5=1742a12c97f154dcae97f308f36f1d9c&pid=1-s2.0-S2405676622000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92061544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisakid nematodes in Trichiurus lepturus and Saurida undosquamis (Teleostea) from the South-West Indian Ocean: Genetic evidence for the existence of sister species within Anisakis typica (s.l.), and food-safety considerations","authors":"Paolo Cipriani ,&nbsp;Lucilla Giulietti ,&nbsp;Salome Daniel Shayo ,&nbsp;Julia E. Storesund ,&nbsp;Miguel Bao ,&nbsp;Marialetizia Palomba ,&nbsp;Simonetta Mattiucci ,&nbsp;Arne Levsen","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nematode parasites of the genus <em>Anisakis</em> (Nematoda, Anisakidae) are considered among the most important biological hazards in seafood products worldwide. In temperate and tropical waters, the most common species appears to be <em>Anisakis typica</em>, generally found around the viscera and sporadically in the flesh of various fish host species. This study investigated the infection sites and genetic diversity of <em>A. typica</em> infecting commercial fishes from the South-West Indian Ocean. Largehead hairtail (<em>N</em> = 20) and brushtooth lizardfish (<em>N</em> = 72) fished off Tanzania were inspected for anisakid nematodes by UV-press. A subsample of 168 nematodes were identified by sequence analyses of the <em>cox</em>2 mtDNA gene and ITS region of rDNA. The species <em>A. typica</em> (s.l.) (<em>N</em> = 166), <em>Pseudoterranova ceticola</em> (N = 1) and <em>Anisakis paggiae</em> (N = 1) were molecularly identified. Phylogenetic analysis of <em>A. typica</em> (s.l.) sequences based on both genes, indicated the existence of two distinct phylogenetic lineages forming two well-supported clades. The first clade comprised 12 <em>A. typica</em> specimens including individuals from its type locality (central Atlantic Ocean). The second clade comprising 154 specimens, clustered with reference sequences retrieved from GenBank including one apparently undescribed taxon, i.e., <em>Anisakis</em> sp. 1, and <em>A. typica</em> var. <em>indonesiensis</em>. The two reciprocally monophyletic clades are closely related and correspond to two distinct sister species within <em>A. typica</em> (s.l.), presently indicated as <em>A. typica</em> sp. A and <em>A. typica</em> sp. B. Two and four fixed alternative nucleotide substitutions (SNPs), i.e., diagnostic positions, between the two taxa, respectively, were found at the mtDNA <em>cox</em>2 and the ITS region of rDNA. The genetic data, as well as their occurrence in sympatry, strengthens the hypothesis that the actual specimens represent two distinct gene pools. The occurrence of both <em>A. typica</em> sp. A and <em>A. typica</em> sp. B in the musculature of freshly examined <em>T. lepturus</em> and <em>S. undosquamis,</em> suggests that both species can migrate <em>intra-vitam</em> into the flesh<em>.</em> Although the zoonotic potential of <em>A. typica</em> s.l. is still unclear, the presence of these parasites in the musculature, edible part of the fish, raises health concerns for consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/d5/main.PMC9442340.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33448311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, Colombia","authors":"Valeria Alejandra Pinto-Duarte,&nbsp;Natalia Marcela Hérnandez-Arango,&nbsp;Benyi Juliana Marin-Gallego,&nbsp;Paola Andrea Toloza-Beltrán,&nbsp;Fabiana María Lora-Suarez,&nbsp;Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two zoonotic protozoan pathogens, <em>Giardia duodenalis</em> and <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, are important causes of waterborne infections in the Quindío region in Colombia. No previous data exist on how contamination occurs at the source for drinking water consumed by the human population in this region. Our aim was to describe the frequency of <em>G. duodenalis</em> and <em>T. gondii</em> DNA in 11 sampling points during a five-month period in water and adjacent soil at the Quindío River basin (Andean region in the central western part of Colombia). The study employed nested PCR for <em>T. gondii</em>, using the B1 gene as the amplification target, and single-round PCR for <em>G. duodenalis</em> assemblage A and assemblage B, amplifying the <em>gdh</em> gene, followed by DNA sequencing. In 50 soil samples, 28% (14/50) were positive for <em>T. gondii.</em> For <em>G. duodenalis</em>, distribution was in equal parts for assemblage A (8%; 4/50) and assemblage B (8%, 4/50). Genotyping of <em>T. gondii</em> sequences showed two soil samples with type I strain, another two samples of soil with type III strain, but most samples were of unidentified strains. In water samples, <em>T. gondii</em> was detected in 9.1% (5/55), <em>G. duodenalis</em> assemblage A in 34.5% (19/55), and <em>G. duodenalis</em> assemblage B in 12.7% (7/55). <em>T. gondii</em> DNA positivity was associated with lower soil temperature (<em>p</em> = 0.0239). Presence of <em>G. duodenalis</em> and <em>T. gondii</em> was evidenced in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, indicating soil as the potential source of contamination for the river that it is destined for human consumption. Monitoring these protozoa in drinking water is necessary to prevent public health risks in human populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7c/39/main.PMC9399255.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33444697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasciolosis in sheep and goats slaughtered at abattoirs in Central Ethiopia and associated financial losses","authors":"Wakgari Oljira ,&nbsp;Bizunesh Mideksa ,&nbsp;Gudina Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Getachew Kebebew ,&nbsp;Edilu Jorga","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fasciolosis is a serious animal health problem in Ethiopia where livestock is crucial for the domestic economy. A study was conducted in two Ethiopian abattoirs to estimate the prevalence of <em>Fasciola</em> infection in goats and sheep, and the monetary losses resulting from liver condemnation. Post-mortem examination of 925 animals (424 sheep and 501 goats) were examined by incision of the liver parenchyma for presence of the liver fluke, <em>Fasciola</em>. The direct financial losses were calculated based on the estimated prevalence, the market price of the liver, and the average number of sheep and goats slaughtered annually. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis was 10.4% (20.7% sheep and 1.6% goats). Among the studied variables, species of the study animal and age in sheep showed a statistically significant association with infection (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Based on the annual average of 89,054 sheep and 76,374 goats slaughtered, the annual average economic loss due to the condemned liver was estimated at 3700 US$ (185,232 ETH Birr) for sheep and 245 US$ (12,220 ETH Birr) for goats.</p><p>This study revealed that the prevalence of fasciolosis was higher in sheep than in goats, and substantial economic losses occur for the sheep and goat industry. Hence, considering the irrigations schemes in the country, strategic control programs targeting <em>Fasciola</em> infection and intermediate hosts are warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/41/main.PMC9361309.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40606196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma and albendazole on the muscular phase of experimental Trichinella spiralis infection","authors":"Fatma M.A. Eissa ,&nbsp;Ahmed H.A. Eassa ,&nbsp;Rabab S. Zalat ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Negm ,&nbsp;Marwa A. Elmallawany","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trichinellosis is a food-borne parasitic infection causing muscle damage. This study aimed to detect the potential therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alone or in combination with albendazole (ALB) on the muscular phase of experimental <em>Trichinella</em> infection in rats. The study was conducted on 70 rats divided into four main groups: healthy non-infected non-treated rats, non-infected rats treated with PRP, infected untreated rats (seven rats in each group), and an infected group of 49 rats. The infected group was further subdivided based on the drug therapy received. The effects of drug therapy were evaluated using parasitological and histopathological analyses.</p><p>The percent reduction in the number of <em>Trichinella spiralis</em> larvae per gram of muscle in the PRP-treated groups (one, two, and three doses) was 43.1%, 78.8%, and 86.1%, respectively. Groups treated with combined therapy of ALB &amp; PRP (one, two, and three doses) showed overall reduction percentages of 87.7%, 90.9% and 95.2%, respectively. In contrast, the ALB-treated group showed a 69.4% reduction. All results of the abovementioned groups were statistically significant compared to the control-infected non-treated group.</p><p>The findings of the histopathological analysis were consistent with the parasitological results. Groups receiving combined therapy showed the most significant improvement in terms of the degree of inflammation and fibrosis. It can be concluded that PRP has a modulatory effect on the pathology caused by <em>T. spiralis larvae</em> in the muscular phase of trichinellosis.</p><p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of PRP on the muscular phase of <em>T. spiralis</em> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/ba/main.PMC9493052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichinella spp. control in modern pork production systems","authors":"H. Ray Gamble","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infection with <em>Trichinella</em> spp. from pork and other sources has been a major public health concern in many parts of the world. This review describes the progression of processes followed to protect consumers from exposure to this parasite. Testing programs for pigs, as required by some countries, have been important in reducing the risk of exposure from commercial pork products. However, improvements in pork production systems in the past several decades, including high levels of bio-security in confinement production systems, have also contributed to major reductions in the occurrence of this parasite in pigs and pork products. International guidelines and regulations have codified requirement for controlled management or controlled housing that prevents risk of exposure of pigs to <em>Trichinella</em> spp. Adhering to these requirements, with appropriate documentation, eliminates the need for individual carcass testing for domestic consumers as well as for purposes of trade. Pigs not produced in controlled housing systems should be subject to testing to confirm absence of <em>Trichinella</em> spp. infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/b2/main.PMC9356189.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40681153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Trichinella in the Arctic and subarctic: A review","authors":"Antti Oksanen ,&nbsp;Age Kärssin ,&nbsp;Rebecca P.K.D. Berg ,&nbsp;Anders Koch ,&nbsp;Pikka Jokelainen ,&nbsp;Rajnish Sharma ,&nbsp;Emily Jenkins ,&nbsp;Olga Loginova","doi":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fawpar.2022.e00167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The finding of <em>Trichinella</em> in the Arctic was foreseen because captive polar bears and arctic foxes had been found infected during the first decades of the 20th century. Human trichinellosis outbreaks were reported to have taken place in 1944 in Franz Josef Archipelago and 1947 in Greenland, and previous outbreaks in Greenland also appeared to have been trichinellosis. Now, it is known that <em>Trichinella</em> parasites thrive in the Arctic and subarctic and pose a risk for public health. We collated the available information, which show that infection prevalences are high in many animal host species, and that outbreaks of human trichinellosis have been described also recently. The species diversity of <em>Trichinella</em> in the Arctic and subarctic is relatively high, and the circulation is in non-domestic cycles with transmission by predation, scavenging and cannibalism. There are also sporadic reports on the synanthropic species <em>Trichinella spiralis</em> in arctic wild mammals with little known or assumed contact to potential synanthropic cycles. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge on epidemiology of <em>Trichinella</em> parasites in the circumpolar Arctic and subarctic regions, and discuss the challenges and solutions for their control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37941,"journal":{"name":"Food and Waterborne Parasitology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/d2/main.PMC9263860.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40507169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}