East African Journal of Business and Economics最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Youth Development Fund Access on Youths’ Income Levels in North-West Tanzania: Case of Kahama District","authors":"Finias Dogeje","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1440","url":null,"abstract":"Youth Development Fund (YDF) contributes to enhanced youth income and livelihoods, yet its impact on youth income levels remains paradoxical. This paper examines the effect of YDF access on North-West Tanzania youths’ income levels. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 100 youth in the Kahama District in the Shinyanga region. The ordinal logistic regression model tested the null hypothesis that YDF has no significant impact on youth income levels. The results indicate that YDF access is associated with higher youth incomes, but the effect lacks statistical significance (p=0.940), raising questions about the YDF’s overall effectiveness in improving youth income and livelihood. Moreover, findings reveal that, although young women showed lower income levels, young males could get higher incomes, but this distinction is not statistically significant (p=0.088). Equally, higher-educated youth group membership, precisely in tailoring, food vending, and motorbike cycling groups, suggests higher income, but these effects lack statistical significance at p=0.05. Unexpectedly, youth without business planning skills may have higher incomes than those with such skills, yet this too lacks statistical significance at p=0.05. This suggests the limited impact of these variables on youths’ income. This study concludes that there is no significant impact of YDF access or other factors like gender, education, youth group membership, or business planning services on youths’ income. To enhance YDF effectiveness, it recommends adjusting YDF strategies through complementary initiatives, prioritising financial literacy, and exploring alternative policy approaches. Future research may investigate integrated strategies, financial literacy effects, policy analysis, youth participation, and livelihood outcomes in Tanzania and beyond","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135202529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Continuous Security Monitoring on Security Controls of Electronic Health Records in Public Hospitals, Tanzania","authors":"Ernest Godson, Deus Dominic Ngaruko, George Oreku","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1433","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of continuous security monitoring on the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and quantitative research approach using a sample of 300 respondents from the six public hospitals in Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the main users of EHRs such as medical doctors, IT officers, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technologists, record officers and administrative officers. A multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the effects of continuous security monitoring on the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. The findings revealed that continuous security monitoring is a significant predictor of the security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals, (B= .509, p< 0.001). This implies that, continuous security monitoring explains 50.9% of the variance in security of electronic health records in Tanzanian public hospitals. Based on this finding, is recommended that, to enhance effective security controls in electronic health records, public hospitals in Tanzanian should consider the adoption of continuous security monitoring by making security controls more automated","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Budget Allocations within Government Budget Execution on Market Participation: Case of Maize in the Southern Highland regions of Tanzania","authors":"David Malima Biswalo, Deus Dominic Ngaruko, Timothy Martin Lyanga","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1425","url":null,"abstract":"Government budget allocations within budget execution are important in pushing the agricultural transformation agenda in Tanzania. However, agriculture public expenditure review studies show that with the exception of a few geographical areas in Tanzania, government budget allocations have generally been insufficient to bring about the desirable transformation from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Thus, this paper investigates the pivotal role of government budget allocations within budget execution in facilitating the commercialisation of maize, a crop that is both a major food and cash crop in Tanzania. It also assesses the factors that affect the performance of budget allocations. The descriptive survey design was employed whereby a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 180 local government officials in the Mbeya and Songwe regions that were sampled in the southern highland regions. Data was analysed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The mean and standard deviation were used to measure budget allocations via the interpretation of means by Weak (Wk) and Strong (St). The findings show that the means of budget allocations were strong, and all four variables under it exerted a positive influence on maize commercialisation as measured through market participation. From the parameter estimates, standardised beta coefficient values were 0.468, 0.091, 0.030 and 0.167, respectively. In addition, the findings also show and confirm the requirement of the Maputo Declaration of 2003, which was reiterated by the Malabo Declaration of 2014, for governments in Africa to allocate at least 10% of their national budgets to agriculture. Based on the findings, the researchers conclude that effective and efficient budget allocations within budget execution are essential for achieving government development goals and objectives, including the transformation of agriculture from subsistence to commercial. It is recommended that the government should strengthen the budget execution process at all levels of government","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135742082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Measures that Can Be Taken in the Three Lines Model to Prevent Fraudulent Employee Tendencies","authors":"Zehra Haberal","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1424","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the measures that can be taken to prevent fraudulent tendencies of employees using the three-line model that can be developed in businesses. In fulfilling this purpose, the five components of the fraud pentagon have been taken into account, which are pressure, opportunity, rationalisation, competence, and arrogance. This study is based on the pentagon theory of behaviour development and committing fraud within organisations. Employees’ tendency to commit fraud based on the five components of the fraud pentagon theory, can be reduced by following measures in efficient three-line processes. This study theoretically examines the fraud pentagon in the field of behavioural accounting. In this study, data were collected using qualitative research techniques. In addition, this study contributes to the integration of fraud prevention practices into the control processes of enterprises","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135742259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Star-Rated Hotels in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya","authors":"Daniel Otieno, Joseph W. Mwanza, Penina Tanui Melly","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1397","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the hotel industry playing a vital role in supporting the economy, it has like other business enterprises faced internal and external forces that threatened its competitiveness and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of star-rated hotels in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The primary research question that guided the study was: What impact does corporate social responsibility have on the financial performance of star-rated hotels in Uasin Gishu County? The Freeman Stakeholder Theory served as the study’s main framework. The study applied a descriptive survey design. The study’s population of interest comprised 116 respondents who work for star-rated hotels in Uasin Gishu County. The sample size formula for this study was based on Yamane’s formula, where a sample size of 89 respondents was selected by use of stratified random sampling techniques. The primary techniques for gathering data for the study were a questionnaire and document analysis. To determine the reliability of each questionnaire segment, the researcher employed Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and expert judgment to test the content validity of each section. The data gathered was analysed using descriptive methods. The study findings indicated that corporate social responsibility had a strong influence on the financial performance of star-rated hotels in Uasin Gishu County, as the respondents agreed that CSR impacted hotel financial performance. Environmental improvement had the highest score of influence. As a result, the study recommends that hotels engage in more corporate social responsibility activities than they currently do, as this has been determined to result in a positive strategic positioning that is long-lasting. This study brings to the awareness that strategic reconfiguration and alignment of corporate social responsibility practices to organisation policies are key and thus are recommended in enhancing brand awareness","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Evaluation on Employee Performance at Tom Mboya University in Homa-Bay County","authors":"Jared Odoyo Malela, Hellenn Araka","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1389","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of performance appraisal on employee performance at Tom Mboya University in Homa-Bay County, Kenya. The specific focus of the study was to determine the influence of evaluation, management by objectives, performance appraisal design and 360 degrees’ appraisal method on employee performance at Tom Mboya University. This design was considered appropriate because the study focused on a survey of employees in one organization. The study targeted a population of 117 employees in various job groups at Tom Mboya University. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used in this study, to select a sample size of 90 respondents. The primary data for the research was collected using a structured questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was assessed and confirmed using expert opinion from supervisors. A pilot study was carried out on ten randomly selected employees to support the test of reliability of the questionnaire. Reliability was tested through a test of internal consistency. In order to test reliability of the instruments, internal consistency techniques were employed using the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient of 0.7. Descriptive statistics was analysed using mean, standard deviation, and percentages. Similarly, inferential statistics were analysed using bivariate correlation and multiple regression analysis so as to confirm the relationship between the research variables. The results of analysis were presented in form of figures and tables. The study concludes that an increase in management by objectives practices such as setting objectives and plans, monitoring progress, rewarding according to performance, linkage: objectives and results/output and stakeholder participation significantly improves employee performance. Since it was revealed that performance appraisal design has a positive but not significant influence on employee performance, there is a need for the HR department of Tom Mboya University and other institutions to enhance adoption of this method in their appraisal in order to realise a significant influence on employee performance. This can be achieved by improving performance appraisal design such as rating scales, accurate appraisals, fairness/ lack of bias in appraisal, appraising verses current job description, goal-oriented appraisal, and regularity of conducting appraisals","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114539347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Portfolio Diversification and Financial Performance of Large Enterprises in Kisumu County, Kenya","authors":"Achayo Mollen Adhiambo, Peninah Tanui Melly, Joseph Mwanza","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1388","url":null,"abstract":"This study intended to explore the relationship between portfolio diversification and the financial performance of large businesses in Kisumu County, Kenya. The research questions of the study were; what is the relationship between stock and bond and the financial performance of large enterprises in Kisumu County, Kenya? The study was anchored on Modern Portfolio. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The statistical procedures of Yamane (1973) were subsequently employed to acquire a sample size of 225 out of a population of 1283 large enterprises; a random sampling procedure was adopted to facilitate the process. The research instrument was a document analysis guide. The study adopted both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Descriptive statistics involves the use of frequency, mean and standard deviation. The relationship between portfolio diversification and the financial performance of major enterprises in Kisumu County was explored using Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. Data were presented using tables and figures. The researcher utilised regression analysis to specifically evaluate the null hypothesis. The results indicated that stock investment was positively related to financial performance. (β= 0.172, p- value=0.025< 0.05) of large enterprises in Kisumu County. Moreover, the findings corroborated the existence of a causal link between bond investment and financial performance (β= 3.2, p-value=0.001 < 0.05 of large enterprises in Kisumu County. Financial performance was found to benefit greatly from portfolio diversification (β= 4.875, p-value=0.023 < 0.05) of large enterprises. Furthermore, portfolio diversity accounts for 72.1% of the variance in financial performance across major businesses. The study recommends that business owners and managers diversify their investment portfolios across asset classes to mitigate risks and capitalise on opportunities in a variety of market conditions. This study recommends further investigation of the obstacles large enterprises face when diversifying their portfolios.","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128547752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Tendering and Organizational Performance of Parastatals in Nakuru County","authors":"Wanjiku Ruth Nyokabi, Oteki Evans Biraori, Njogu Grace Wacera","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1376","url":null,"abstract":"E-tendering plays a key role in ensuring that the best suppliers are selected for a continuous supply of better-quality products and services. The study focused on the role of e-tendering through online registration of suppliers, virtual screening, automatic evaluation and automated supplier selection criteria- through the use of an electronic Decision Support System (e-DSS). The study adopted the null hypothesis that e- tendering had no statistically significant influence on parastatals in Nakuru County. The study population included five (5) selected state-owned organisations in Nakuru municipality with a total population of 236 employees in selected departments where a sample size of 91 employees was drawn by application of Daniel’s (1999) sample size formula. Structured questionnaires were used as the main instrument to collect data, out of which 80 respondents gave their responses, an 87.9% response rate. The regression analysis showed a 4.6% change in organisational performance was described by e-tendering. The study confirmed there was a statistical significance (p=.000) between e-tendering and organisation performance, where e-tendering, as a supplier management tool, was able to account for a positive marginal significant increase (B=.133) in organisational performance. There was a moderate positive correlation between organisational performance and e-tendering at .519. The study recommends that parastatals enhance system integration for compatibility and easy access and flow of information, leverage technology, and facilitate training and educating their suppliers on how to use the organisation’s systems and other ICT-related functions.","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"71 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125976361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Farmer Quality Attributes on Farmers’ Participation in Contract Farming in Tanzania’s Tea Subsector","authors":"Finias Dogeje, D. Ngaruko, Timothy M. Lyanga","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1363","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses how selected farmer quality indicators influence farmers’ participation in contract farming in Tanzania’s tea industry. A total of 393 smallholder tea farmers from three purposefully selected districts in the Mbeya and Njombe regions in the southern highlands of Tanzania participated in a cross-section survey that yielded the study’s primary data. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with five-point scale questions. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of the four farmer quality determinants on farmers’ participation in contract farming. The results show that farmers’ engagement in contract farming is significantly negatively affected by land access (B=-0.529, Wald value=4.931 and P<0.05). Access to farming equipment was found to have negatively influenced farmers’ engagement in contract farming (B=-0.21, Wald value=0.931 and P<0.30). Further results show that prior contract farming experience significantly positively affects tea farmers’ participation (B=0.551, Wald value=9.656 and P<0.05). Regression results indicate that farmers’ knowledge of the tea value chain seems to have a positive influence on farmers’ engagement in contract farming (B=0.27, Wald=1.757 p<0.20). These findings suggest that access to land and equipment negatively affects farmers’ contract farming participation. Thus, strategies and policies should focus on improving land access to overcome the challenges faced by farmers to engage in contract farming. Moreover, the enhancement of farmers’ access to farming equipment through subsidised programs, equipment rental schemes or cooperative initiatives is crucial. These measures contribute to enhanced and sustainable contract farming practices, thus benefiting both farmers and the tea subsector at large","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133142066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and Forecasting Somalia GDP Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Models","authors":"Sadak Mohamud Hassan","doi":"10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1356","url":null,"abstract":"The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total worth of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year. The background of the study includes the importance of GDP as an important economic indicator reflecting the overall economic performance and growth of a country. As Somalia faces unique economic challenges, this research aims to provide insight into its GDP dynamics, trends, and potential future developments. In order to create the suitable Autoregressive-Integrated Moving-Average (ARIMA) model for the GDP data for Somalia, the Box-Jenkins method was used in this study. Data on the annual GDP of Somalia from 1972 through 2022 was taken from the Macrotrends database. ARIMA (3, 1, 8) was identified as the most suitable statistical model for the GDP of Somalia. The forecast for Somalia's GDP over the next five years was generated using this fitted ARIMA model. The findings indicated that a positive increase in Somalia's GDP over the next five years is expected. These forecasts line up with the historical trends and statistical correlations found by the ARIMA model","PeriodicalId":378318,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Business and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130118001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}