Journal of Power Sources最新文献

{"title":"A fast fixed-point solution framework for the P2D model of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yang Li,&nbsp;Torsten Wik,&nbsp;Qingbo Zhu,&nbsp;Yicun Huang,&nbsp;Yao Cai,&nbsp;Changfu Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel algorithmic framework for efficiently solving the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) model of lithium-ion batteries. The proposed approach reformulates the original P2D model, typically expressed as a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential–algebraic equations, into a system of quasilinear <em>partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs)</em>. Through this reformulation, intermittent algebraic states, such as local potential and current terms, are effectively eliminated, thereby reducing the model complexity. This enables the identification of a generic fixed-point iterated function for solving the P2D model’s nonlinear algebraic equations. To implement this iterated function, the finite volume method is employed to spatially discretize the PIDE system into a system of ordinary differential equations. An implicit–explicit (IMEX) time integration scheme is adopted, and the resulting quasilinear structure facilitates the development of a single-step numerical integration scheme that admits a closed-form update, providing stable, accurate, and computationally efficient solutions. Unlike traditional gradient-based approaches, the proposed framework does not require the Jacobian matrix and is insensitive to the initial guess error of the solution, making it easier to implement and more robust in practice. Due to its significantly reduced computational cost, the proposed framework is particularly well-suited for simulating large-scale battery systems operated under advanced closed-loop control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238591"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of solid oxide electrolysis stacks in seawater and deionized water electrolysis","authors":"Zhao Liu ,&nbsp;Anqi Wu ,&nbsp;Junkang Sang ,&nbsp;Beibei Han ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanbing Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs) provide an efficient solution for seawater electrolysis. The electrolysis stack is the core component of a SOEC system. A comprehensive understanding of degradation mechanisms of the stack when operated in a seawater environment is crucial for optimizing its application. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the performance of SOEC stacks in seawater versus deionized water. The findings indicate that, while the initial instantaneous performances of the stacks are similar in both environments, significant differences emerge during prolonged operation. Over a 500-h stable operation period, the overall degradation rates of the electrolysis stacks were found to be 6.7 % in deionized water, compared to 12.3 % in seawater, indicating that the stacks and their components experience more substantial degradation when exposed to seawater. Notably, a more pronounced loss of nickel from the hydrogen electrode of the cells. Which may be the major reasons for the larger degradation of performance. This work provides valuable insights for the research and application of solid oxide electrolysis cells in seawater hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238627"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-bonded black phosphorus composites with P–C and P–S linkages for high-performance lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jinnuo Yang,&nbsp;Jiahui Lv,&nbsp;Yanqing Feng,&nbsp;Jiang Yan,&nbsp;Shuo Zhao,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Lei Zu,&nbsp;Huiqin Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) attract widespread attention as promising energy storage devices owing to their superior energy density, excellent cycle life, and absence of memory effect. However, they still encounter challenges in high-rate performance and structural stability, necessitating further optimization. This study focuses on a composite anode material constructed from black phosphorus (BP), tungsten disulfide (WS₂), and ultra-high-purity whisker carbon nanotubes (UWCNTs) (BP-WS₂-UWCNTs). The research investigates the regulatory effects of phosphorus–carbon (P–C) and phosphorus–sulfur (P–S) bonds at the material interface on electrochemical performance. Characterization indicates the establishment of P–C and P–S bonds at the composite interface, which enhance structural integrity and improve electron/ion transport capabilities. Electrochemical performance evaluations validate the combined effect of these interfacial bonds: at 2.0 A g⁻¹, the BP-WS₂-UWCNTs anode delivers 605.8 mAh g⁻¹ for 2000 cycles, and retains 252.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 3000 cycles even at 15.0 A g⁻¹, exhibiting remarkable rate performance and prolonged cycling durability. In practical applications of LIBs, the composite anode maintains robust structural integrity and outstanding electrochemical performance. This work highlights that the combined effect of interfacial P–C and P–S chemical linkages effectively facilitates lithium-ion diffusion and stabilizes the electrode structure, offering valuable insights and viable strategies for advancing high-capacity anode design in LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238619"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring processability limitations of commercial hard carbon for negative electrodes of Na-ion batteries","authors":"Hari Raj ,&nbsp;Soorya Saravanan ,&nbsp;Melisa Herrmann Alba ,&nbsp;Francois Rabuel ,&nbsp;Da Huo ,&nbsp;Alejandro A. Franco","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing electrode manufacturing processes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is crucial for enhancing their performance and commercial viability. This study systematically investigates the influence of critical electrode fabrication parameters, including solid content, mass loading, and calendering, on commercial hard carbon (HC) electrode properties. Slurries prepared with 35 % and 40 % solid content (SC) demonstrated distinct rheological behaviours, directly affecting electrode mechanical stability and processability. The slurry with SC-35 % provided a better balance between manageable viscosity and robust mechanical stability upon drying, whereas SC-40 % slurry exhibited higher viscosity, particle agglomeration, and poorer electrode mechanical integrity. Calendering was studied at compression degrees of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %, revealing limited effectiveness in reducing porosity due to the intrinsic mechanical properties of HC, whereas, higher compression degrees led to structural damage. Electrochemical studies conducted in half-cells (HC vs. Na) and full-cells (HC vs. Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃) clearly indicated better electrochemical performance at moderate calendering degrees (10–20 %), effectively balancing mechanical integrity and electrical conductivity. This comprehensive study results in a useful experimental database in academic literature, underscoring the importance of precise control over slurry formulation and calendering parameters to achieve structurally robust electrodes, thus significantly enhancing the practical performance of SIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238588"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensionless thermal safety framework for nickel-enriched lithium-ion batteries: From runaway onset to extinction thresholds","authors":"Pragya Berwal,&nbsp;Ayushi Mehrotra,&nbsp;Yejun Lee,&nbsp;Jack J. Yoh","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel-enriched lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer high energy density but exhibit heightened susceptibility to thermal runaway (TR), posing critical safety risks for electric vehicles and energy storage systems. This study establishes a unified, dimensionless framework to assess TR risk and determine extinction thresholds—cooling conditions under which TR cannot self-sustain. Calorimetry at heating rates of 10–20 °C min⁻¹ quantifies enthalpy release, onset, and peak exothermic reactions, providing temperature-dependent heat generation inputs. These data are embedded into a heat balance model to determine the critical Nusselt number (Nu_cr) that marks the boundary between self-heating and quenching. The safety zone is defined at the inflection point of the heat-flow curve, capturing the earliest stage of instability. Results show that faster heating delays initial decomposition in nickel-rich cathodes but intensifies autocatalytic reactions, lowering onset temperatures in structurally stabilized variants. Non-dimensionalization across cell geometries and coolant properties yields a universal energy parameter for TR suppression, enabling direct comparison of designs. The theory links fundamental TR mechanisms to practical extinction thresholds, offering actionable criteria for safer, cost-effective thermal management in next-generation LIB systems.</div></div><div><h3>Novelty and Significance Statement</h3><div>This work is the first to formulate a unified, dimensionless safety assessment theory that quantitatively links thermal runaway (TR) onset mechanisms in nickel-enriched lithium-ion batteries to extinction thresholds for TR suppression. Unlike prior studies that treat TR behavior and cooling requirements separately, our approach integrates experimentally measured, temperature-dependent heat generation into a heat balance model to derive critical Nusselt numbers and a universal energy parameter applicable across cell geometries and coolant properties. This framework enables direct, design-ready identification of the cooling conditions required to quench early-stage instability—providing both a mechanistic understanding of TR kinetics and a practical criterion for safe, cost-effective thermal management in high-energy LIB systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238614"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution combined with organic waste water treatment by red mud derived catalysts","authors":"Chuang Wang ,&nbsp;Pengliang Chen ,&nbsp;Haolun Li ,&nbsp;Xingxing Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiansheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting is a green technology for hydrogen generation using solar energy. When coupled with wastewater as the water source, this approach simultaneously addresses environmental remediation. This study proposes a sustainable strategy for producing green hydrogen from organic wastewater, where H₂ evolution occurs concurrently with pollutant degradation. To reduce catalyst costs, we fabricated FeOOH/BiVO₄ composite photoanodes using red mud as a raw material. The degradation performance of these photoanodes was systematically investigated under varying voltages, pH levels, and initial pollutant concentrations. Comparative analysis of PEC, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic pathways revealed the superior efficiency of PEC under identical conditions. Under optimized parameters, the composite photoanode achieved ∼98 % degradation of methylene blue (40 mg/L) within 120 min, along with effective removal of other organic pollutants (methyl orange, rhodamine B, and reactive red). Hydrogen evolution experiments confirmed the synergistic coexistence of PEC degradation and water splitting in a single system. By converting solid waste into efficient catalysts for simultaneous hydrogen production and pollutant degradation, this work offers a multifunctional green solution to energy and environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238600"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocarbons-based piezoelectric structures for energy harvesting: Nanoarchitectonics and recent advances","authors":"Zahra Sadat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Morshedsolouk ,&nbsp;Masoomeh Bagherzadeh Erfani ,&nbsp;Elham Bastani ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mehrnoush Nokandeh ,&nbsp;Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan ,&nbsp;Amir Kashtiaray","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the use of energy harvesting products outside the laboratory and on a larger and industrial scale, environmental sensitivities and cost are two very important parameters. In addition to the well-known mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, nanocarbons (NCs) have a very important property, which is the price-performance ratio. Due to these properties, their use in piezoelectric materials is economical and promising. In addition, NCs, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon fibers (CF), graphene (G) and its derivatives, etc., have a large surface area, which facilitates their functionalization in order to improve biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this review, the reasons for the use of NCs in piezoelectric materials are first examined, and then recent research utilizing NCs in energy harvesting materials is reviewed. The objectives of this review are to examine various aspects of NCs, including piezoelectric efficiency, replacement with conventional piezoelectric materials, and review environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238597"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of non-ideality of protons and water in the open circuit potential modelling of redox flow battery aqueous electrolytes","authors":"YuChen Sun ,&nbsp;Nigel Brandon ,&nbsp;Dominik Weiss ,&nbsp;Anthony Kucernak","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The non-ideality of electrolytes is commonly neglected in redox flow battery (RFB) modelling work. The neglect of activity coefficients introduces a discrepancy of up to 100 mV between the experimental open circuit potential (OCP) and model predicted reversible Nernstian potential, which propagates into inaccurate state of charge estimation and misinterpretation of thermodynamic efficiency. Due to the complex chemistry and the lack of thermodynamic data, activity coefficients of individual species in highly non-ideal electrolytes are often difficult to determine. In this work, proton and water activity values were calculated using geochemical numerical codes implementing the Pitzer theory, a semi-empirical thermodynamic model that accounts for the non-ideal behavior of ions in electrolyte solutions. The completed Nernst equation with corrected activity values has been elaborated for OCP comparison. An in-operando approach was proposed to measure the proton and water activities of strongly acidic electrolytes. The cell OCP of Hydrogen-Vanadium RFB (H₂-V RFB) and Hydrogen-Manganese RFB (H₂-Mn RFB) was measured and calculated to assess the electrochemical significance of proton and water non-ideality to the RFB model. With the measured activity data, the error between the experimental and calculated OCP values was reduced from 88-100 mV to 17–50 mV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238590"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium in-plane transport in PEM fuel cells during real-world automotive operations: experimental and dynamic modelling analysis","authors":"Francesco Verducci ,&nbsp;Livio Cultrera ,&nbsp;Elena Colombo ,&nbsp;Aixeen Manuel Fontanilla ,&nbsp;Francesco Casamichiela ,&nbsp;Davide Mazzucconi ,&nbsp;Andrea Pola ,&nbsp;Andrea Casalegno ,&nbsp;Andrea Baricci","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerium is an additive adopted in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells to extend membrane lifetime, but its mobility remains a challenge. A cerium transport model accounting for diffusion, migration and water activity gradient is developed. Diffusion coefficient is calibrated on literature data, as the effect of Ce ion-exchange fraction on protonic conductivity and membrane water uptake; Einstein relation is used for the migration coefficient. Validation is conducted on migration profiles obtained via hydrogen pump tests, quantified through X-ray fluorescence. Trends under different temperatures, relative humidities and initial cerium contents are reproduced. Tailored tests investigate how the water activity gradient affects Ce transport. Furthermore, a 1+1D fuel cell performance model is exploited to determine the initial and time-integral mean values of the operating variables that characterize the current steps of a dynamic load cycle, then provided to the Ce transport model. The experimentally measured planar radical scavenger redistributions, after hundreds of hours of single-cell automotive-representative operations, are predicted from air-inlet to outlet. Cerium accumulates towards air-inlet and depletes at middle/outlet; the modelling analysis identifies the building-up in the region of lowest ionic potential and water content. Succeeding in predictions, this model can support the development of strategies to improve durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 238538"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of different exo-electrogens as biocatalyst on the bio-electrochemical behavior of H-type microbial fuel cell","authors":"Sangita Karmakar ,&nbsp;Ravindra K. Gautam ,&nbsp;Radha Rani","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.238571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Being the source of electrons, microbes are the key players in MFCs; thus, it is imperative to investigate their effect on the bio-electrochemical processes therein so as to develop efficient systems with high power outputs. This study investigates the influence of four different anodic microbial cultures, <em>Pseudomonas gessardii</em> PG<em>, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> PA, <em>Shewanella putrefaciens</em> SP, and cowdung CD enriched inoculum, on the electrochemical performance of H-type MFC. Out of the four biocatalysts studied, most efficient electron transfer was observed in the case of PG, as indicated by the highest anodic peak current (0.717 mA) obtained by cyclic voltammograms and minimum internal resistance. Also, PG showed highest open circuit potential (OCP) and power density 504 mV and 1.05 W m⁻² respectively, followed by SP (280 mV, 0.56 W m⁻²), CD (227 mV, 0.192 W m⁻²) and PA (190 mV, 0.168 W m⁻²). High catabolic potential, active biofilm formation, and low corrosion rate were also identified as important reasons for better electrochemical performance observed in PG. Furthermore, SEM analysis of anodic biofilms revealed clusters of microbial cells attached to carbon cloth fibers (anode), while HR-TEM and epifluorescence images indicate the presence of elongated nanowires-like extensions in the cultures, which are supposedly involved in intercellular transport of electrons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 238571"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}