Yang Li , Guihong Mao , Hang Yang, Tengyu Yao, Laifa Shen
{"title":"Advanced dynamic sintering and surface engineering synergistically enhance the structural and electrochemical stability of single-crystal cathodes","authors":"Yang Li , Guihong Mao , Hang Yang, Tengyu Yao, Laifa Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface modification has emerged as a pivotal strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery cathode materials. Compared to traditional static sintering processes applied after coating, dynamic sintering methods exhibit superior heat transfer efficiency that holds great potential for performance optimization of cathode materials. However, the differences in structural and performance impacts between these two sintering approaches on coated cathode materials remain insufficiently elucidated in current research. Herein, the static sintering and dynamic sintering methods were chosen to prepare LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> single crystal cathode materials with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and WO<sub>3</sub> surface modification. The experimental results reveal that the synergistic effect of dynamic sintering and surface modification on the cathode material leads to outstanding electrochemical performance (91.66 % of the initial capacity is retained after 150 cycles at 1C and a stable operating potential window of 3.0–4.4 V). This improvement is attributed to enhanced structural stability and reduced gas evolution during cycling. These findings offer valuable insights into the interplay between sintering equipment, surface engineering, and cathode performance, providing a pathway for optimizing large-scale manufacturing of advanced layered cathode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237460"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Zhang , Xu Tang , Bo Guan , Chunmei Yang , Jipeng Ge , Xiaoyu Feng , Siman Zhou , Mengjiao Shi , Wen Qu
{"title":"ZIF-8 modified wood-derived hierarchical porous carbon for polysulfide confinement in lithium-sulfur battery cathodes","authors":"Tao Zhang , Xu Tang , Bo Guan , Chunmei Yang , Jipeng Ge , Xiaoyu Feng , Siman Zhou , Mengjiao Shi , Wen Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is significantly affected by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). This study explores in-situ grown ZIF-8 on balsa wood as a biomass-derived material to address the challenges of LiPSs shuttle effect in LSBs. After carbonization, a wood-derived N-doped porous carbon composite (W-NPC) with a hierarchical porous structure and abundant adsorption sites is synthesized. The ZIF-8 achieved a high loading of 71 wt% on the balsa wood, significantly enhancing the specific surface area and LiPSs adsorption capability of the W-NPC. The high surface area and porosity of W-NPC provide sufficient void for sulfur loading. This property makes it an ideal candidate for LSBs cathodes. As an electrode material for LSBs, W-NPC delivers an initial capacity of 1370.3 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C, with a capacity retention of 89 % after 300 cycles at 0.2 C, while maintaining a Coulombic efficiency of 99.1 %. These properties demonstrate that W-NPC offers a scalable solution for LSB cathode applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237464"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaopeng Li , Minghang Zhao , Shisheng Zhong , Junfu Li , Zhiquan Cui , Song Fu , Zhiqi Yan
{"title":"Deep transfer learning enabled online state-of-health estimation of lithium-ion batteries under small samples across different cathode materials, ambient temperature and charge-discharge protocols","authors":"Xiaopeng Li , Minghang Zhao , Shisheng Zhong , Junfu Li , Zhiquan Cui , Song Fu , Zhiqi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>State-of-health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for ensuring their efficient and safe operation. However, the accurate SOH estimation under low temperatures and high discharge rates is still a challenging problem especially when facing insufficient early-stage data. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a self-attention-based deep transfer learning (SDTL) approach that can be flexibly updated in respond to diverse cathode materials and varied operation conditions. First, an efficient self-attention-based feature learning model is constructed to capture diverse degradation patterns of batteries under different operating conditions. Second, deep transfer learning techniques are employed to achieve adaptable SOH estimation using previously learned degradation knowledge and the limited data of a new battery. To comprehensively validate the proposed approach, full life cycle tests on nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) batteries under 1C/2C conditions are conducted to supplement the nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA) public battery datasets. All the prepared battery datasets cover different cathode materials, charge-discharge rates, and ambient temperatures. Afterwards, eighteen health indicators are extracted and selected with Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) to comprehensively characterize the statistical, electrochemical, and dynamic properties of batteries. Through comparisons with classical models that directly trained using state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms and other widely used deep transfer learning methods, the proposed SOH estimation approach has shown wide generalizability as well as a positive accuracy improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237503"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weizhen Fan , Anfei Wang , Jian Cai , Litao Shi , Wenlian Wang , Junmin Nan
{"title":"Electrolyte salts for large-scale application of sodium-ion batteries: NaPF6 and emerging alternatives","authors":"Weizhen Fan , Anfei Wang , Jian Cai , Litao Shi , Wenlian Wang , Junmin Nan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium salts in the electrolytes are key materials for developing high-performance sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their direct influences on the electrode reactions and electrolyte conductivity, and sodium fluorophosphate (NaPF<sub>6</sub>) is known to be widely applied. Using NaPF<sub>6</sub> as a comparison, this work systematically evaluates the application potential of NaPF<sub>6</sub>, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) and sodium difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB) from the sodium salt nature, electrolyte properties, and battery performance. It is demonstrated that NaFSI can exhibit excellent comprehensive performance and has the potential to substitute for NaPF<sub>6</sub> under certain conditions; NaDFOB is more suitable as an additive to improve the high-temperature performance of SIBs. In particular, NaNi<sub>1/3</sub>Fe<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/hard carbon (NFM/HC) SIBs with NaDFOB achieve enhanced performance than that with NaPF<sub>6</sub> at high temperature (from 88.2 % to 92.4 %), while low temperature performance of NaFSI-containing cells is much better than others (from 0 % to 85.9 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237519"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Balachandran , K. Jeeva Jothi , S. Muthamizh , A. Subhasri , Rajaiah Dhilip Kumar , A. Santhana Krishna Kumar , Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan , Hu Chengzhi
{"title":"Facile fabrication of BiVO4 Microspheres: Investigating their twin application on potential in electrochemical capacitors and protein detection","authors":"S. Balachandran , K. Jeeva Jothi , S. Muthamizh , A. Subhasri , Rajaiah Dhilip Kumar , A. Santhana Krishna Kumar , Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan , Hu Chengzhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study highlights the excellent multifunctional potential of BiVO<sub>4</sub> microspheres for electrochemical and biosensing applications. The microspheres were synthesized via a two-step approach involving hydrothermal treatment followed by thermal decomposition. Characterization through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful formation of phase-pure, monoclinic scheelite BiVO<sub>4</sub> microspheres with spherical morphology and a diameter ranging from 500 nm to 2 μm. EDS analysis validated the presence of bismuth, vanadium, and oxygen in the expected stoichiometric ratios, while XRD patterns aligned with standard monoclinic BiVO<sub>4</sub> reflections, confirming crystallinity and phase integrity. To enhance biosensing capability, the surface of BiVO<sub>4</sub> microspheres was functionalized using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), enabling efficient protein immobilization. These functionalized microspheres exhibited a clear linear fluorescence response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations between 0.05 and 1 mg/mL, indicating excellent sensitivity and surface reactivity. Additionally, the microspheres demonstrated impressive electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 402 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> and stable cycling behavior over 5000 charge-discharge cycles, showcasing their structural robustness. The hierarchical architecture, combined with stable physicochemical properties, positions BiVO<sub>4</sub> microspheres as a promising alternative to noble-metal-based electrodes. Their versatility in both biosensing and energy storage underscores their value in developing cost-effective and high-performance electrochemical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237481"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunchuan Li , Xiaolei Ye , Shenghui Guo , Ming Hou , Li Yang , Lei Gao , Kaihua Chen , Mingxu Li , Ziyue Xue
{"title":"Synthesis of nanostructured spinel (NiFeCrZnMg)3O4 as potential cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells via a high entropy strategy","authors":"Yunchuan Li , Xiaolei Ye , Shenghui Guo , Ming Hou , Li Yang , Lei Gao , Kaihua Chen , Mingxu Li , Ziyue Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy design has emerged as a groundbreaking material synthesis strategy, enabling the preparation of high-entropy materials that often surpass the performance of traditional individual component materials. Here, a five-component high-entropy spinel cathode material, (NiFeCrZnMg)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (FNCZM), for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is synthesized via a simple solution combustion method. FNCZM shows a typical spinel structure similar to that of two-component NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Microstructural studies demonstrate that the high-entropy design stimulates the development of oxygen vacancies in spinel materials and results in a range of different surface metal valence states. Density functional theory analysis shows that implementing a high-entropy design leads to a significant boost in the oxygen adsorption performance of cathode materials. Compared with NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, FNCZM cathode exhibits excellent oxygen reduction activity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and relaxation time distribution (DRT) studies suggest that the transfer and interaction of surface species, such as electrons and oxygen atoms, represent the rate-limiting step in the oxygen reduction reaction occurring at the FNCZM cathode. This research illustrates that the high-entropy engineering of spinel oxides is a viable approach to boost the performance of cathodes in SOFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237502"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The sodiophilic Cobalt-Iron-Boron (CFB) oxidation interfacial protective layer for highly reversible dendrites-free sodium metal battery","authors":"Yuefang Chen , Qingshuo Yang , Zhijie Zhou , Yifang Zhang , MengMeng Zhang , Yong Jiang , Zhijia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a new generation of high-density energy storage devices, sodium metal batteries provide several benefits relating to their affordability and operational possibilities. Unfortunately, the commercialization process is constrained by limited cycle life, sodium dendritic formation, and volume expansion. Thus, a new magnetron sputtering technique is used in this work to coat the surface of the aluminum collector with a weak magnetic protective coating. The prepared Cobalt-iron-boron (CFB) interface is highly stable, and CFB oxide particles are evenly distributed, which provides sufficient active sites for improving uniform sodium coating and cyclic stability. With its special soft magnetic qualities, the CFB oxide protective layer efficiently controls its electrical structure, lowers the nucleation overpotential, promotes uniform sodium metal deposition, and prevents the development of sodium dendrites. Aside from increasing the sodiophilicity of the Al current collector, the CFB oxide thin layer can also somewhat limit volume expansion and associated side reactions. Based on the above advantages, the optimal symmetric battery has only ∼7.4 mV voltage lag after cycling for 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. A full cell assembled with Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NVP) has a high initial reversible capacity (∼102.88 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>) and average CE (96.58 %) at 1C. This work demonstrates how straightforward surface modification methods for fluid collection offer substantial backing for the creation of high energy density specifications metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237485"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiran Kumar Garlapati , Jyotirekha Dutta , Bharat B. Panigrahi , Surendra K. Martha
{"title":"Correlative insights into the degradation pathways and direct regeneration healing mechanisms of spent lithium-ion battery active materials","authors":"Kiran Kumar Garlapati , Jyotirekha Dutta , Bharat B. Panigrahi , Surendra K. Martha","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repurposing spent Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a sustainable and economical approach to meet the growing demand for LIBs as their usage continues to expand in a plethora of applications. Recycling/reusing the LIBs that comprise critical raw materials like Li, Ni, Co, graphite, etc., accounting for ∼50 % of the total LIB cost, offers significant economic and environmental benefits within a sustainable circular ecosystem. Direct regeneration of electroactive materials proves to be a more efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional methods, as it focuses on restoring the lost performance of electroactive materials through simple rejuvenation processes. In contrast, conventional routes involve metal extraction and the synthesis of new materials. This article explores the macro and microstructural changes occurring in LIB anodes and cathodes from virgin to retirement and subsequent regeneration. Various direct regeneration methods are summarized, highlighting the structural transformations and healing mechanisms of graphite anodes, layered, spinel, and olivine cathodes. Further, bottlenecks of technological readiness of direct regeneration were addressed with viable solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237528"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Wang , Shunli Wang , Gexiang Zhang , Lei Chen , Haotian Shi , Runxi Lin , Carlos Fernandez
{"title":"Improved adaptive fusion parameter identification and chaotic gravitational search-Kalman particle filtering method for state-of-energy accurate estimation of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Chao Wang , Shunli Wang , Gexiang Zhang , Lei Chen , Haotian Shi , Runxi Lin , Carlos Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>State-of-energy (SOE) is an important parameter in the battery management system, which determines the current maximum possible range of electric vehicles. In this study, an improved chaotic gravitational search-Kalman particle filtering method for SOE estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on adaptive fusion dual-factor parameter identification is proposed. Firstly, the adaptive forgetting factor-limited memory recursive extended least squares algorithm is designed by integrating the forgetting factor and the memory length factor to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of online parameter identification. Secondly, to address the problem of particle degradation and loss of diversity, this study introduces the square root cubature Kalman filtering and the chaotic gravitational search algorithm to improve the accuracy and stability of particle filtering. Finally, a chaotic gravitational search-square root cubature Kalman particle filtering model is constructed to effectively improve the estimation performance of SOE. The experimental results under complex working conditions show that the mean absolute error of the parameter identification method proposed in this study is between 0.56 % and 0.68 %, and the root mean square error of the proposed estimation method for SOE remains between 1.04 % and 1.17 %, indicating that the method proposed in this study has high robustness and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237495"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keyu Zhao , Xu Zhang , Heng Xiang , Zhongli Zou , Shuying Kong , Kui Cheng
{"title":"Construction of core-shell structured CuS@CoS2 via ion exchange method for flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors","authors":"Keyu Zhao , Xu Zhang , Heng Xiang , Zhongli Zou , Shuying Kong , Kui Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of energy storage technologies, there is growing demand for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. However, the practical application of metal sulfide electrodes remains hindered by structural instability, sluggish ion/electron transport, and complicated synthesis processes. In this study, an innovative core-shell structured CuS@CoS<sub>2</sub> material is fabricated through an optimized ion-exchange method. The unique architecture and large specific surface area provide abundant active sites and facilitate rapid electrolyte ion diffusion while effectively accommodating volume variations during charge-discharge cycles. Electrochemical characterization demonstrates exceptional performance, including a remarkable specific capacitance of 937.2 F g<sup>−1</sup> and 72.4 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The assembled flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor with activated carbon (AC//CuS@CoS<sub>2</sub>) achieves outstanding energy/power densities (88.9 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>, 32,000 W kg<sup>−1</sup>) and maintains 73.31 % capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 6 A g<sup>−1</sup>. These superior properties underscore the great promise of core-shell CuS@CoS<sub>2</sub> composites for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources","volume":"650 ","pages":"Article 237520"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}