OpenNano最新文献

{"title":"Chitosan-Coated silver nanoparticles with various floral honey bioreductors: A promising nonalcoholic hand gel sanitizer formulation","authors":"Saidun Fiddaroini ,&nbsp;Kurnia Indu ,&nbsp;Luailik Madaniyah ,&nbsp;Suci Amalia ,&nbsp;Aulanni'am ,&nbsp;Moh. Farid Rahman ,&nbsp;Akhmad Sabarudin","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health challenge, necessitating innovative strategies to combat resistant pathogens. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using honey as a bioreductant and coated with oligochitosan derived from the depolymerization of low-molecular-weight chitosan. The synthesis employed eco-friendly methods, with characterization performed via UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, EDX, XRD, and LC<img>HRMS. AgNPs synthesized with <em>Ceiba pentandra</em> honey exhibited an average particle size of 11.71 nm, demonstrating high antibacterial activity when coated with oligochitosan. The 10 % AgNPs-Chitosan-based hand gel sanitizer formulation achieved inhibition zones of 14.84 ± 0.40 mm against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and 11.16 ± 0.73 mm against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</em> The hand gel sanitizer formulation exhibited stable pH (4.0–4.3), high resistance to syneresis at 5 °C and 40 °C, and superior antibacterial efficacy compared to alcohol-based hand gel sanitizers. Dermatological assessments confirmed the formulation's safety, and <em>Artemia salina</em> toxicity tests revealed the highest LC₅₀ value (2,648.97 ppm) for AgNPs derived from <em>C. pentandra</em> honey. This work provides an eco-friendly, efficient method for AgNP synthesis with strong potential for biomedical and environmental applications, including their use in hand gel sanitizers to reduce pathogen transmission in various settings, contributing to the advancement of green nanotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of bilastine nanosuspension for enhanced dissolution in orodispersible films","authors":"Sarah Adnan Oudah ,&nbsp;Eman B.H. Al-Khedairy","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bilastine, a second-generation antihistamine, is commonly prescribed for managing allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria due to its prolonged action. However, its therapeutic potential is constrained by poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. This study aimed to enhance bilastine dissolution and patient compliance by formulating a nanosuspension-based orodispersible film (ODF). An anti-solvent precipitation method was employed to produce nanosuspension using different hydrophilic stabilizers (Soluplus®, Poloxamer 188, and PEG 6000). The influence of formulation parameters, such as the stabilizer ratio, the anti-solvent ratio, stirring speed, and the stabilizer type, on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) was optimized using an experimental design approach. The optimal formulation, with a 1:1 stabilizer-to-drug ratio using Soluplus®, a 6:1 anti-solvent to solvent ratio, and a stirring rate of 820 rpm, yielded nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 83.8 nm and a narrow PDI of 0.019. This formulation also significantly enhanced the drug's dissolution rate in phosphate buffer pH 6.8, releasing 92.02% of bilastine within 90 minutes. Further characterization of the lyophilized nanoparticles using FESEM, FTIR, and XRD, confirmed their amorphous nature and drug compatibility. The optimized nanosuspension was subsequently incorporated into ODFs via the solvent-casting technique, with the optimal film formulated with a 1:1 ratio of PVA and HPMC E5 as the film-forming polymers, demonstrating a rapid disintegration time of 18 seconds and releasing 93.16% of bilastine within 6 minutes. These results confirm the successful formulation of bilastine into ODFs, significantly improving its dissolution compared to the pure drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprinting 3D lattice-structured lumens using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) combined with self-assembling peptide nanofibers as hybrid bioinks for anchorage dependent cells","authors":"Vishalakshi Irukuvarjula,&nbsp;Faye Fouladgar,&nbsp;Robert Powell,&nbsp;Emily Carney,&nbsp;Neda Habibi","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a pressing need for new cell-laden, printable bioinks to mimic stiffer tissues such as cartilage, fibrotic tissue and bone. PEGDA monomers are bioinks that crosslink with light to form a viscoelastic solid, however, they lack cell adhesion properties. Here, we utilized a hybrid bioink by combining self-assembled peptide nanofibers with PEGDA for 3D printing lumens. Adult human dermal fibroblast (aHDF) cells were first seeded in peptide-laden in 2D and 3D layers and cell behavior were studied. The cell's morphology remained spheres when they were infused in the 3D hydrogel and highly aligned with 2D overlay hydrogels. HDF cells did not adhere to unmodified PEGDA lumens, however, they successfully attached and proliferated on PEGDA/peptide lumens. Moreover, HDF cells seeded on the hybrid PEGDA/peptide lumens displayed a distinct spread F-actin morphology. The results showcase the potential of peptide hydrogels in facilitating interaction of anchorage dependent cells with PEGDA structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material informatics-driven insights into brain cancer nanocarriers: A bibliometric comparison of PLGA vs. liposomes","authors":"Brilly Andro Makalew ,&nbsp;Syauqi Abdurrahman Abrori","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores a comparative analysis of PLGA nanoparticles and liposomes as potential carriers for brain cancer drug delivery, with a special focus on how material informatics enhances their design, biocompatibility, and drug release profiles to improve treatment efficacy and contribute to sustainable health outcomes.</div><div>The investigation employed a bibliometric analysis using Scopus and VOSviewer to uncover the role of material informatics in optimizing these nanocarriers. The analysis revealed that material informatics, particularly through the application of machine learning and molecular dynamics simulations, significantly optimizes the performance of both PLGA nanoparticles and liposomes.</div><div>The results highlighted distinct strengths of each nanocarrier: PLGA nanoparticles excel in biodegradability, while liposomes offer superior drug encapsulation capabilities. However, material informatics techniques bridged these enhancing drug release kinetics, stability, and biocompatibility. These improvements are crucial for effective delivery across the blood-brain barrier, a major challenge in brain cancer treatment.</div><div>The integration of computational modelling, machine learning, and high-throughput screening enabled by material informatics is shown to be a key factor in advancing the design and optimization of these nanocarriers. By leveraging these tools, researchers can develop more personalized and efficient drug delivery systems tailored to address the specific challenges of glioblastoma therapy, ultimately contributing to sustainable health outcomes</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in lanthanide-based nanoparticle contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: Synthesis, characterization, and applications","authors":"Azmi Aulia Rahmani ,&nbsp;Qi Jia ,&nbsp;Husein H. Bahti ,&nbsp;Retna Putri Fauzia ,&nbsp;Santhy Wyantuti","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MRI is a powerful, non-invasive imaging technique with exceptional soft tissue contrast, requiring contrast agents to enhance sensitivity by shortening longitudinal (T₁) and transverse (T₂) relaxation times. While most clinical agents are chelate-based, their potential toxicity has driven the development of nanoparticle-based alternatives. Nanoparticles offer reduced toxicity, improved stability, prolonged circulation time, and better control over surface properties. Lanthanide-based nanoparticles, in particular, are promising due to their paramagnetic properties enhancing MRI contrast. The design of these nanoparticles focuses on optimizing size, shape, and colloidal stability with advances in synthesis techniques allowing for precise control over particle size, morphology, and stability to significantly influence relaxivity. Larger sizes increase r₂ values but may reduce stability, while anisotropic shapes enhance relaxivity compared to the more stable spheres. Surface modifications with functional polymers improve stability and prevent aggregation, optimizing imaging performance. As research progresses, lanthanide-based nanoparticles are poised to become crucial tools in radiology-driven cancer diagnosis and therapy, offering dual functionality for early detection, targeted treatment, and minimized off-target effects. However, these nanoparticles must be refined for tumour-specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications and undergo comprehensive safety evaluations before clinical trials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Bentong ginger (Zingiber officinale) biosynthesized silver nanoparticles safe and effective? An optimization, characterization, and toxicity evaluation study","authors":"Nor-Azmiraah Abd Jabar ,&nbsp;Mahmud Ab Rashid Nor-Khaizura ,&nbsp;Siti Izera Ismail ,&nbsp;Yuet Ying Loo ,&nbsp;Kah Hui Chong ,&nbsp;Kousalya Padmanabhan ,&nbsp;Shan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from ginger extract is particularly interesting due to the bioactive compounds present in ginger, which have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The study aims to optimize, characterize, and evaluate the toxicity value of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using <em>Bentong</em> ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>) rhizome extract and commercialized ginger powder extract as reducing and capping agents. The synthesis was optimized regarding pH, silver nitrate concentration, and incubation time for better yield and stability. Additionally, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform Infrared, and Transmission Electron Microscope analysis. Cytotoxicity test was done using brine shrimp lethality test to determine toxicity value. The result for both <em>Bentong</em> ginger rhizome extract and commercialized ginger powder extract indicated that the maximum absorption of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was 450 nm, with the most optimum pH of 11, 1 mM of silver nitrate concentration, and incubation time of 24 h. The nanoparticles were almost spherical, with an average particle size of 15.08 ± 6 nm. The analysis confirms the presence of phytochemicals in the ginger extract that aids in reducing silver ions into silver nanoparticles. Brine shrimp lethality assay showed the LC₅₀ for AgNPs was medium toxic at 838.31 µg/mL. Although silver nanoparticles possess antimicrobial ability, the potential toxicity to human health and environmental concerns must be considered before deploying into food industries. This is the first report utilizing <em>Bentong</em> ginger in silver nanoparticle synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties of chitosan/thyme oil/MgO bionanocomposite against Streptococcus mutans","authors":"Mohammad Moslem Imani ,&nbsp;Bahar Azadi ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Mozaffari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Salmani Mobarakeh ,&nbsp;Mohsen Safaei","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous increase of bacterial resistance in medical and industrial environments is a significant challenge due to their resistance to typical antimicrobial treatments. This study aimed to introduce a new colloidal solution containing chitosan/thyme oil/MgO Bionanocomposite with the strongest antibacterial activity. In situ synthesis method was used for the synthesis of the chitosan/thyme oil/MgO nanocomposite. Nine experiments based on the Taguchi design were created to examine the effects of three variables at three different levels. In the parameters of experiment 7 (3 mg/mL of chitosan Biopolymer, 0.5 μL/mL of thyme oil, and 6 mg/mL of MgO), the results showed that the bacterial viability was zero. The nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced structural properties and superior antibacterial activity compared to its individual components. This study showed that the synthesized nanocomposite had desirable structural properties and antibacterial activity under optimal conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green extraction and isolation of cellulose nanofibrils from orchid (Dendrobium sonia earsakul) stem for wound dressing application","authors":"Naphat Usawattanakul ,&nbsp;Nutapat Chaisirijaroenpun ,&nbsp;Prakit Sukyai ,&nbsp;Udomlak Sukatta ,&nbsp;Nisit Watthanasakphuban ,&nbsp;Thidarat Nimchua ,&nbsp;Phakkhananan Pakawanit ,&nbsp;Nuntaporn Kamonsutthipaijit ,&nbsp;Selorm Torgbo","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored agricultural waste orchid <em>(Dendrobium sonia earsakul</em>) stem as a sustainable material to extract nanocellulose with its extract for wound dressing applications. Cellulose isolation was performed using a green method involving synergistic pretreatment with xylanase and laccase enzymes. This was followed by isolation of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) using mechanical process. The green pretreatment demonstrated high efficiency in delignification, reduced chemical usage, and increased whiteness index to 90.84 %. The fiber showed a high crystallinity index of 72.85 %, which was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed CNF with an average diameter of 10.51 ± 2.41 nm. The crude extract showed anti-inflammatory effect and antimicrobial activities against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> with minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of 51.6 mg/mL. The cytotoxicity of the extract was evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cell line. A novel multi-layered wound dressing was developed using the CNF and the extract. The chemical composition of the membrane was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The 3D structure of the membrane was established using Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy. The membrane is biodegradable, non-toxic against MC3T3-E1 cells and biocompatible with 78.52 % cell viability. These findings suggest the possibility of extracting valuable chemicals from agricultural wastes such as orchid stem using green pretreatment to create an eco-friendly wound dressing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical nanoscale materials for virus-induced cervical cancer therapeutic modalities: For targeting delivery","authors":"Adane Adugna ,&nbsp;Mamaru Getinet ,&nbsp;Gashaw Azanaw Amare ,&nbsp;Mohammed Jemal","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human papillomavirus subtypes 16 and 18-associated cervical cancer is a major global health problem that affects women.</div></div><div><h3>Main body</h3><div>Conventional treatment approaches, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, are typically vulnerable to systemic harm, cytotoxicity, non-specificity, lack of bioavailability, poor efficacy, poor pharmacokinetics, vaginal mucosal impermeability, slow therapeutic delivery, and adverse reactions. Moreover, conventional therapeutic approaches have problems associated with biocompatibility, stability, dispersion, and the delivery of therapeutic genes into target cells. They also produce modest amounts of long-lasting antitumor immunity and have difficulty successfully targeting and eliminating cancer cells. For this reason, nanoparticles, including polymers like poly-amidoamine and polylactide-co-glycolide dendrimers, aptamers, micelles, lipid-based nanocarriers like liposomes and pegylated lipoplexes, macromolecules, and metallic nanoparticles, including silica, copper oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, gold, and silver, are of paramount importance to overcome the numerous drawbacks of carrying and transporting diverse types of HPV-16 and 18-caused cervical cancer therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the application of nanoscale materials to deliver various therapeutic agents to cervical cancer cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of nanoparticles as medical nanoscale materials during the treatment of cervical cancer helps to improve the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities, speed up the delivery process, and decrease toxicity from drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis, characterization, and in-vitro anticancer effect of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica Linn: In-silico approach","authors":"Luailik Madaniyah ,&nbsp;Saidun Fiddaroini ,&nbsp;Elok Kamilah Hayati ,&nbsp;Moh. Farid Rahman ,&nbsp;Akhmad Sabarudin","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer is a significant global health issue, with rising prevalence and mortality rates demanding urgent attention. The World Health Organization emphasizes the need for effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies to address this public health challenge. Current treatment modalities, including surgery, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, are often associated with considerable side effects and high costs. This study investigates the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using <em>Acalypha indica L.</em> (AgNPs), a medicinal plant recognized for its therapeutic benefits, as a potential cancer treatment with minimal side effects and a lower risk of drug resistance. AgNPs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to inhibit angiogenesis while counteracting drug resistance mechanisms. Moreover, the use of chitosan as a coating on AgNPs (AgNPs-Chit) enhances their stability and specificity toward cancer cells, thereby improving their anticancer efficacy. Characterization of the synthesized AgNPs was conducted using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis (PSA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming the successful synthesis, stability, and spherical morphology of the nanoparticles, with an average diameter of 7 nm and a zeta potential of −24.51 mV. In vitro cytotoxicity testing showed that AgNPs-Chit exhibited stronger anticancer activity against T47D cells with an IC₅₀ value of 173 µg/mL, compared to AgNPs (IC₅₀ 244 µg/mL) and the Acalypha indica L extract (IC₅₀ 826 µg/mL). When compared to the control, treatments with AgNPs-Chit, AgNPs, and the plant extract demonstrated statistically significant differences (∗<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, ∗∗<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). These results indicate that the modification of AgNPs with chitosan (AgNPs-Chit) significantly enhances anticancer efficacy compared to both AgNPs and <em>Acalypha indica L</em>. extract. The modification with AgNPs increased anticancer efficiency by 338%, while AgNPs-Chit showed a 446% increase compared to the original extract, highlighting the enhanced potential of these nanoparticles in inhibiting cancer cell growth. Additionally, molecular docking studies of eight key compounds identified through LC-MS analysis (quercetin, kaempferol, catechin, indoline, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 1-(2-quinolinyl)piperazine, 3-indoleacrylic acid, and pyridine-3-carboxamide) revealed strong binding affinities to the cancer target protein 3PP0, with binding energies ranging from −9.4 to −5.9 kcal/mol, compared to doxorubicin's binding energy of −9.0 kcal/mol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}