OpenNano最新文献

{"title":"Nanotechnology for effective bovine mastitis treatment: Applications in biosensors and vaccines","authors":"Soheil Sadr ,&nbsp;Babak Khoramian ,&nbsp;Zahra Yousefsani ,&nbsp;Ahad Jafari Rahbar Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Abbas Rahdar ,&nbsp;Hassan Borji","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dairy farm's most significant economic loss is caused by mastitis, one of the most common diseases in dairy cows. Mastitis occurs due to many different pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, and antibiotics are the first line of treatment and control. Alternative methods are therefore being investigated to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms that cause mastitis. Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field that can manufacture new materials at the nanoscale level and has tremendous potential to revolutionize the agri-food industry by offering new treatments for bovine mastitis. Considering the increasing ineffectiveness of current therapies for resistant bacteria, developing innovative products that combine nanotechnology may provide a sustainable animal health solution that can support the production of safe and high-quality food products while directly addressing a critical global problem such as antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, nanotechnology offers promising advancements in bovine mastitis research, with nanovaccines providing targeted and efficient delivery of antigens to enhance the cow's immune response and prevent the disease. On the other hand, nanobiosensors play a crucial role in the early detection of bovine mastitis, allowing for real-time monitoring of biomarkers and enabling prompt intervention, thus reducing economic losses and promoting animal welfare. Although metalic nanoparticles have the potential to offer great benefits in terms of treating bovine mastitis, there are several challenges related to their toxicity, stability, environmental safety, and production costs that need to be carefully examined and addressed in order to facilitate their use. Considering the potential of nanoparticles, these challenges can be successfully managed if applied to the right areas, which will be a new and efficient therapeutic method for improving bovine mastitis and reducing drug resistance in livestock farms, given the potential of nanoparticles. In summary, nanovaccines, nanodrugs, and nanobiosensors have great potential in managing bovine mastitis, offering targeted prevention, effective treatment, and early detection capabilities, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic selenium nanoparticles encapsulated Lactobacillus probiotics targeting colon tumorigenesis: A promising drug delivery system","authors":"Rehab M. Abdel-Megeed ,&nbsp;Shaymaa A. Ismail ,&nbsp;Mai O. Kadry","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium nanoparticles are less toxic compared to other selenium forms, and their biogenic production leads to improve bioavailability. However, Lactobacillus probiotics previously exhibited anticancer activity. The current study was evaluated to investigate the therapeutic potential of biogenic selenium nanoparticles that was synthesized via <em>Lactbacillus plantarum (</em>L. <em>plantarum)</em> and <em>Lactbacillus casei (</em>L. <em>casei)</em> against colorectal cancer. The induction of colorectal cancer was carried out via a single dose (5 mg/kg) of 3-methyl-1, 2-dyhydrobenzo(j)aceanthrylene [3-MBA]. After that, animals were treated using 200 µl (from stock concentration 1.0 × 10⁹ CFUs per ml) of selenium nanoparticles derived from L. <em>casei</em> (SeNPs-Ca) or selenium nanoparticles derived from L. <em>plantarum</em> (SeNPs-P) as two separate treated groups for two weeks. Colorectal tumor induction declared a significant increment in total antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde level decreased upon 3-MBA intoxication. Molecular analysis of <em>Beclin1</em> as an autophagy signaling pathway revealed a remarkable reduction upon 3-MBA intoxication. Meanwhile, a significant overexpression was declared in both <em>EGFR</em> and <em>MMP-9</em> genes post 3-MBA-induced colorectal tumor. Furthermore, a remarkable alteration was recorded in the protein expression of both <em>p53</em> and <em>TNF-α</em> post 3-MBA injection. Both two treated groups of biogenic selenium nanoparticles declared a significant improvement in the measured parameters, with the superiority of SeNPs-Ca in modulating the altered biomarkers. Histopathological examination of colon tissue confirmed the obtained results. In conclusion, biogenic selenium nanoparticles derived from Lactobacillus probiotics could be a promising candidate as a safe and effective antitumor agent in colorectal tumor therapy and could be a promising drug delivery system targeting tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbicidal mechanisms for light-activated molecular nanomachines in Mycobacterium smegmatis: A model for pathogenic bacteria","authors":"Thushara Galbadage ,&nbsp;Dongdong Liu ,&nbsp;James M. Tour ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Cirillo ,&nbsp;Richard S. Gunasekera","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance, responsible for over a million deaths annually. Mycobacterial infections are a major contributor to this crisis, causing more deaths than any other single infectious agent. Notably, the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) strains of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> has led to higher mortality rates and challenge all existing antibiotic regimens. Light-activated molecular nanomachines (MNMs) represent a promising class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that could help counter this rise in antimicrobial resistance. Addressing a key knowledge gap, this study explores the mechanisms of action for MNMs in <em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em>, a surrogate model for pathogenic mycobacteria. We show that fast-rotor MNMs significantly reduce bacterial viability, achieving up to 97 % reduction in <em>M. smegmatis</em> with 30 minutes of light activation when compared to non-activated MNM <strong>1</strong> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, <em>t</em> = 24.55), as determined by an unpaired <em>t</em>-test. Using fluorescence and confocal microscopy, we also show the colocalization of MNM <strong>1</strong> with <em>M. smegmatis</em> as part of their mechanism of action. The ability to translate these observations to pathogenic mycobacteria was demonstrated by the ability of MNM <strong>1</strong> to kill 93.5 % of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> with 5 minutes of light activation when compared to non-activated MNM <strong>1</strong> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, <em>t</em> = 19.24). These findings suggest that MNMs have the potential to be innovative and sustainable antimicrobial agents for the treatment of pathogenic mycobacterial infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoformulation, characterization, and biological activity assays of extracts of Derris trifoliata Lour, a rutin-rich mangrove plant","authors":"Prattana Tanyapanyachon,&nbsp;Walailuk Chonniyom,&nbsp;Kananat Naksomboon,&nbsp;Jakarwan Yostawonkul,&nbsp;Paweena Dana,&nbsp;Udom Asawapirom,&nbsp;Nattika Saengkrit","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Derris trifoliata</em> Lour (DT) is a mangrove plant species with a promising anti-inflammatory effect. However, the application of DT as a topical anti-inflammatory agent is limited due to its poor bioavailability. Here, DT extract (DTE) from Kapoe District, Ranong Province, Thailand was selected due to its highest rutin over three investigated sources. The DTE was loaded into a nanoemulsion (NE), giving 74.33 ± 0.12 % and 75.29 ± 0.51 %, encapsulation efficiency of rutin and total phenolic content (TPC), respectively. The DTE-loaded NE (DTE-NE) exhibited a nano size (90.59 ± 1.27 nm) spherical, negative charge (-33.13 ± 0.12 mV), and narrow dispersity index (0.28 ± 0.01). The <em>in vitro</em> release profile of rutin and TPC from DTE-NE was slower compared to those from DTE. DTE-NE displayed a superior antioxidant capacity to DTE. Compared to DTE, DTE-NE treatment potentially lowered the inflammatory mediators (nitrite, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities remained unchanged after 1 month storage. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the possible use of DTE-NE as a topical anti-inflammatory product.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol loaded zein nanoparticles for inhibiting proliferation of osteosarcoma cells: Synthesis, characterization, release profile, and cytotoxicity","authors":"Thanida Chuacharoen ,&nbsp;Carlos E. Astete ,&nbsp;Cristina M. Sabliov","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resveratrol loaded zein nanoparticles (Res ZNPs) were synthesized to deliver resveratrol to bone cells for inhibiting the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. Zein chemically cross-linked with alendronate as a bone-targeting agent using EDC and NHS chemistry was also synthesized and the cross-linking was confirmed using Fourier-Transform Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Subsequently, Res ZNPs with and without alendronate were synthesized and characterized. The particles measured 273 to 294 nm with a narrow polydispersity index, and a zeta potential of -29 to -33 mV, respectively as evaluated by dynamic light scattering. The particles showed spherical morphology imaged by transmission electron microscopy and the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were 63.0 % and 13.6 % for Res ZNPs and 69.1 % and 21.0 % for Res ZNPs with alendronate, respectively. Furthermore, the entrapped resveratrol of both systems was released in a three-phase manner under physiological condition (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) at 37 °C over 24 h. Both systems exhibited suppression of osteosarcoma MG-63 cell proliferation and the inhibition rate was found slightly higher for targeted, Res ZNPs with alendronate. This research suggested that Res ZNPs conjugated with alendronate could be a candidate for effective bone-targeting delivery systems to inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in cell-laden culture of self-assembling peptide hydrogels","authors":"Faye Fouladgar ,&nbsp;Robert Powell ,&nbsp;Vishalakshi Irukuvarjula ,&nbsp;Akhila Joy ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Neda Habibi","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation requires scaffolds to support multiple stages of growth and differentiation signals. Fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) peptides self-assemble to create 3D nanofibers. Here, we cultured MSC in 2D and 3D Fmoc-FF layers to support their osteogenic differentiation. The stiffness of the hydrogels was tunable between 100 and 10,000 Pa which allows precise modulation of the cellular microenvironment. Scaffold stiffness impacted cell viability which softer scaffolds (100 Pa) favored higher viability. MSC formed spheroids in 3D hydrogel and showed spread morphology in 2D overlayers. Our results demonstrate that the Fmoc-FF 3D cultures significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by increased calcium deposition, elevated phosphatase activity, and the secretion of osteocalcin. We propose that the peptides provide integrin-binding sites that activate a cytoplasmic feedback loop essential for differentiation. These findings suggest that self-assembled Fmoc-FF peptide hydrogels, is a promising platform for bone tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143222762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrageenan bionanocomposite films incorporating Ag and Zn-Doped CeO₂ nanoparticles for active food packaging applications","authors":"Damar Rastri Adhika ,&nbsp;Gita Genecya ,&nbsp;Alvin Annayya Habibah ,&nbsp;An Naas Amalia Rahardja Putri ,&nbsp;Ubed Sonai Fahruddin Arrozi","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable and safe food packaging has led to the exploration of bio-based materials and advanced packaging technologies. This study investigates the incorporation of silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) into carrageenan-based bionanocomposite films to enhance their antimicrobial properties, mechanical strength, and hydrophobicity. The synthesis of CeO₂ NPs, doped with varying concentrations of Ag and Zn, was achieved using the green synthesis method with green tea extract as a reducing agent. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Zeta potential analysis confirmed the successful doping and stability of the nanoparticles. The bionanocomposites were evaluated for their mechanical properties, water contact angle, and antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus</em>. Mechanical testing revealed that the addition of CeO₂ NPs, particularly Ag-doped CeO₂ NPs, significantly improved the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the bionanocomposites. Hydrophobicity assessments showed that Zn-doped CeO₂ NPs enhanced water resistance compared to Ag-doped CeO₂ NPs, making them more suitable for food packaging applications. Zn and Ag-doped CeO₂ NPs exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to undoped CeO₂ NPs, with 20 wt% Ag-doped NPs showing the highest antibacterial activity compared to Amoxicillin as positive control and other variations. The study concludes that Zn and Ag-doped CeO₂ NPs are promising additives for developing effective and sustainable active food packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-channels array device fabricated via two photon lithography for cell migration studies in Neuroblastoma metastatic dissemination","authors":"Sara Micheli ,&nbsp;Caterina Piunti ,&nbsp;Elisa Varaschin ,&nbsp;Marianna Peditto ,&nbsp;Maria Luz Suarez ,&nbsp;Marco Sorgato ,&nbsp;Elisa Cimetta","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detailed studies of cells migration are key in understanding tumors metastatic spread. We used two-photon polymerization (2PP) to create precise microdevices for studying cell migration through micro-channels at a single cell resolution. Micro-channels are designed to mimic the structure of lymphatic vessels, conduits for cell movement in vivo. Neuroblastoma (NB) and human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) represent the main tumor and its primary metastatic site. Our results revealed distinctive behaviors of NB and MSCs, both individually and in co-culture, hinting at a tumor-suppressive role of MSCs inhibiting NB migration. Pre-exposure of MSCs to NB-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) significantly increased their motility towards tumor cells. Our platform more effectively replicates the in vivo environment of metastatic migration, with results providing new insights into the early dissemination of NB. Such microdevices hold great promise for advancing our understanding of metastasis and aiding the development of targeted anti-cancer therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing in Vitro anti-metastatic efficacy and deep penetration into tumor spheroid of docetaxel-loaded liposomes via size optimization for prostate cancer treatment","authors":"Saksorn Klibaim,&nbsp;Nutthanit Thumrongsiri,&nbsp;Natsorn Watcharadulyarat,&nbsp;Walailuk Chonniyom,&nbsp;Prattana Tanyapanyachon,&nbsp;Paweena Dana,&nbsp;Nattika Saengkrit","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) presents a formidable challenge due to its aggressiveness and limited treatment options. Loading the drug docetaxel (DTX) into liposomes is a potential alternative approach to improve its efficacy. Several studies have reported that size optimization can improve drug efficacy in other cancer models. Therefore, this study explored the potential of size-optimization of docetaxel-loaded liposomes (LDTX) to improve <em>in vitro</em> efficacy against CRPC. The impacts of LDTX size (&lt;100 nm and 100–200 nm) on cellular uptake, cytotoxicity in both monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid models, and anti-metastatic effects were investigated. The results showed significant cellular internalization improvement with smaller LDTX, leading to better cytotoxicity in a monolayer cell culture than with larger LDTX. Moreover, smaller liposomes enabled deep penetration into the tumor spheroid, mimicking the tumor microenvironment and effectively eradicating cancer cells inside the spheroid. Interestingly, smaller liposomes also enhanced the anti-metastatic phenotype by inhibiting cancer cell invasion. The findings demonstrate that liposomes size is crucial in enhancing the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, size optimization is essential for developing highly effective formulations, requiring thorough investigation to identify the optimal liposomes size for specific applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nano-sized virgin coconut oil (VCO)-loaded liposomes for enhancing mushroom and B16-F10 tyrosinase activity","authors":"Suwipa Ungphaiboon ,&nbsp;Sutasinee Ardhanwanich ,&nbsp;Duangkhae Maneenuan ,&nbsp;Sirirat Pinsuwan ,&nbsp;Pawika Mahasawat","doi":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onano.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the potential impact of VCO-loaded liposomes, particularly on the activation of tyrosinase. Optimized liposomes containing 1 % (w/w) VCO were prepared using the film deposition on carrier method, resulting in a particle size of 84.02 ± 5.00 nm and a zeta potential of -68.40 ± 2.78 mV. Encapsulation of VCO enhanced mushroom tyrosinase activity by 3-fold and exhibited lower cytotoxicity to B16-F10 cells compared to VCO alone. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the increase in intracellular tyrosinase activity and the concentrations of VCO (<em>r</em> = 0.8366) and VCO-loaded liposomes (<em>r</em> = 0.4794) in B16-F10 cells, while a negative correlation (<em>r</em> = -0.0545) was found for liposomes without VCO. A hair and eyebrow-darkening gel containing both VCO and VCO-loaded liposomes further enhanced mushroom tyrosinase activity by 283.33 ± 26.58 %. These findings suggest that VCO-loaded liposomes may serve as novel and effective nano-scale carriers for VCO in cosmetic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37785,"journal":{"name":"OpenNano","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}