Journal of Circulating Biomarkers最新文献

{"title":"Association of hypertension and diabetes with COVID-19 severity in comparison to healthy patients.","authors":"Muslima Mahmood Ismail, Abdulhakeem D Hussein, Othman Ghazi Najeeb, Mohammed Hadi Ali Al-Jumaili","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33393/jcb.2025.3561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The coronavirus is a novel pandemic disease that began in Wuhan, China, and further spread globally. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective work was to look at the clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetic and blood pressure patients compared with a healthy patient who was infected with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data and outcomes were gathered from medical records and analyzed in 150 patients. The disease is frequently diagnosed via nucleic acid-based viral identification from swabs, sputum, or bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using diagnostic reagents such as quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). COVID-19 chest radiographs were obtained, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated. In this study, we analyzed and compared the severity of the disease, its outcome, any associated complications, and clinical laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients between diabetic, hypertensive, and healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>According to the findings, COVID-19 can cause a wide range of symptoms, which range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory problems and death. Diabetes appears to be one of the most significant comorbidities associated with a worse COVID-19 result. COVID-19 patients with diabetes (50 (33%) and hypertension (50 (33%)) had more ICU admissions compared with the non-diabetic and non-blood pressure patients (50 (33%)). During the treatment follow-up, 10 (6.6%) of the 150 patients passed away, 140 (93%) were released, 110 (73%) were discharged, and 30 (20%) kept in the hospital. Compared to non-diabetic and healthy COVID-19 patients, diabetic COVID-19 patients had a greater mortality rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"14 ","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 15-3, and cell-free DNA as blood biomarkers in early detection of canine mammary tumor.","authors":"Diksha Singh, Prashant P Rokade, Neeraj K Gangwar, Mukul G Gabhane, Sunil Malik, Kavisha Gangwar, Shyama N Prabhu, Renu Singh, D D Singh, Sonam Kumari, Soumen Chaudhary, Jitendra K Choudhary","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3564","DOIUrl":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumor. The present research was designed to study the diagnostic effect of serum biomarkers, namely carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), and plasma biomarker <i>viz.,</i> circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA); and their correlation with cytological and histopathological results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 blood samples were collected. Out of which 36 samples were from the dogs affected with canine mammary tumors, and 24 samples were from the apparently healthy dogs. CEA and CA15-3 were estimated using Sandwich ELISA, and cfDNA was estimated by the ccfDNA kit. A significant Positive correlation was observed between tumor blood biomarker levels, cytology and histopathological grades of the tumors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that CA15-3 can be a more effective serum tumour biomarker than CEA for diagnosing canine mammary gland tumours. This finding showed a positive correlation with the clinical grade of the disease. The concentration of serum markers and cfDNA in animals affected with malignant mammary gland tumours was higher compared to the benign entity of tumours and healthy control groups. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of CEA and CA15-3 biomarkers improved when used together. IN comparison to healthy controls, canines with both benign and malignant neoplasia showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) cfDNA concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the role of blood tumor biomarkers for routine screening of animals in early diagnosis of tumors, further treatment, and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"14 ","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12375963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monocyte Distribution Width (MDW) as a useful and cost-effective biomarker for sepsis prediction.","authors":"Dimitrios Theodoridis, Angeliki Tsifi, Emmanouil Magiorkinis, Riris Ioannis, Vatistas Ioannis, Evgenia Moustaferi, Kanakaris Christos, Tsiligianni Ekaterini, Anastasios Ioannidis, Efstathios Chronopoulos, Stylianos Chatzipanagiotou","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3486","DOIUrl":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and a major cause of hospital mortality worldwide. This study investigated the diagnostic utility of monocyte mean volume (MONO MEAN-V), monocyte distribution width (MDW), monocyte mean conductivity (MONO MEAN-C), and monocyte standard deviation conductivity (MONO Sd-C) for sepsis, compared to conventional markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted in two centers, enrolling adult patients classified into three groups: sepsis, septic shock, and febrile. Blood was drawn from septic patients on days 1, 3, and 5 of admission. MDW and other inflammatory parameters were measured in all patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with sepsis or septic shock exhibited significantly elevated MONO MEAN-V, MDW, and MONO MEAN-C and lower MONO Sd-C compared to febrile patients. Among the biomarkers evaluated, MDW emerged as a reliable predictor of sepsis. A cut-off MDW value of 25.1 on day 1 demonstrated optimal diagnostic performance, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91), sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 91.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MDW appears to be a cost-effective, rapid marker for sepsis detection, performing at least as effectively as existing biomarkers. Our findings corroborate other published studies, highlighting MDW's potential to enhance early sepsis recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"14 ","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble interleukin-33 receptor (sST-2): a novel marker for assessing cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Inga Claus, Meike Hoffmeister, Constantin Remus, Werner Dammermann, Ourania Gioti, Oliver Ritter, Daniel Patschan, Susann Patschan","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3175","DOIUrl":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease, and it significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The evaluation of cardiovascular risk (CVR) is crucial in these patients, but it may be underestimated using the current criteria, as they do not include nontraditional CVR factors. Soluble ST-2, which is the circulating form of the IL-33 receptor, has been identified as a biomarker for cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. In this study, we examined the role of sST-2 in assessing CVR in RA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monocentric, retrospective, observational trial. Inclusion of RA patients on variable DMARD therapy. Analysis of RA disease using established scores (DAS 28, VAS, HFQ), clinical findings (number of swollen and painful joints), and laboratory investigation. Documentation of numerous CVR variables. Quantification of soluble sST-2 by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 129 individuals were included. Soluble sST-2 did neither correlate nor was associated with any variable of RA disease activity. In contrast, significant associations were identified between sST-2 and a number of established CVR markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data indicates a novel role for sST-2 in CVR prediction in RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"14 ","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of inflammatory markers' potential to predict weight loss in advanced cancer: a prospective observational study.","authors":"Ola Magne Vagnildhaug, Ragnhild H Habberstad, Øyvind Salvesen, Trude R Balstad, Asta Bye, Olav Dajani, Stein Kaasa, Pål Klepstad, Tora S Solheim","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3510","DOIUrl":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic inflammation is crucial in cancer cachexia, but the optimal measurement method remains unclear. This study compares markers of systemic inflammation (MoSI) in predicting weight loss in patients with metastatic cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, observational multi-center study involved patients undergoing radiotherapy for bone metastases. Baseline assessments included demographics, clinical characteristics, previous weight loss, and appetite loss. MoSI included: C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, white blood cells, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, interleukin-6 (IL-6), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), and Prognostic Nutritional Index. Body weight was recorded at baseline, 3, and 8 weeks post-radiotherapy. Multiple linear regression assessed MoSI's predictive ability for weight loss, adjusting for previous weight loss, appetite loss, and primary tumour type. Goodness-of-fit was assessed using adjusted R².</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 574 recruited patients, 540 and 470 were analyzed at 3 and 8 weeks, respectively. The median age (IQR) was 67 (15), 330 (61%) were male, and 397 (74%) had a Karnofsky performance status ≥70. In a base model without MoSI, significant predictors of weight loss at 3 weeks were appetite loss and urological, lung, and gastrointestinal cancer (adjusted R² of 0.064), while at 8 weeks, urological and lung cancer were significant (adjusted R² of 0.035). At 3 weeks, all MoSI significantly improved the base model, with adjusted R² between 0.078 and 0.091. At 8 weeks: CRP, mGPS, albumin and IL-6 improved the model; however only CRP and mGPS retained an adjusted R² of ~0.09.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All MoSI predicted weight loss, but CRP and mGPS were the most optimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"14 ","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irisin and Insulin Interplay in Thyroid Disorders: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Amisha Malhotra, Gayathri M Rao, Aradhana Marathe, Sowmya Ananda Jothi, Vinod Chandran","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3396","DOIUrl":"10.33393/jcb.2025.3396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research was performed to evaluate Irisin and Insulin concentrations in Thyroid patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This investigation was performed as a cross-sectional study within the Biochemistry Department at KMC, Mangalore, and the Central Lab at KMCH-AT, Mangalore. Participants were classified into two cohorts: those having regular thyroid function as well as those having thyroid disorder, including both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients, with 28 individuals (n = 28) in each category based on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels obtained during thyroid dysfunction screenings. Socio-demographic variables like height, weight, and body mass index were calculated, along with the assessment of hypertensive or hypotensive conditions. Insulin levels were quantified using an automated analyzer system. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing Easy-R (EZR) version 1.55, developed by Jichi Medical University in Saitama, Japan. The normal distribution of the parameters was evaluated through normality tests, with t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests applied as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Irisin levels significantly declined in hypothyroid individuals while showing an insignificant rise in hyperthyroidism. Insulin levels significantly increased in hyperthyroid patients compared to normal and hypothyroid groups. A positive correlation between insulin and irisin was found in hypothyroidism, while a negative correlation was observed in hyperthyroidism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preliminary findings of this study indicate a potential interdependence between Irisin and thyroid levels. Investigating the interaction between the thyroid profile and irisin can pave the way for considering irisin as a biomarker for novel treatment strategies in thyroid disorders and metabolic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"14 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered amino and fatty acids metabolism in Sudanese prostate cancer patients: insights from metabolic analysis.","authors":"Dalia Ahmed, Ebtesam A Abdel-Shafy, Elsadig Ahmed Adam Mohammed, Husam Elden Alnour Bakhet Alnour, Amar Mohamed Ismail, Stefano Cacciatore, Luiz Fernando Zerbini","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2024.3146","DOIUrl":"10.33393/jcb.2024.3146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) management presents a multifaceted clinical challenge, intricately linking oncological considerations with cardiovascular health. Despite the recognized importance of lipid metabolism and hypertension in this interwoven relationship, their involvement in PCa development remains partially understood. This study aimed to explore variations in plasma metabolome among Sudanese PCa patients and their associated comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples were collected from 50 patients across four hospitals in Sudan and profiled by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. One-dimensional proton NMR spectra were acquired for each sample using standard nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy pulse sequence presat on a 500 MHz Bruker Avance III HD NMR spectrometer. Metabolite concentrations were quantified using R scripts developed in-house. Univariate and multivariate analyses were generated in the R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were categorized into four distinct metabotypes based on their metabolic profiles, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the significance of observed differences. Our findings revealed high levels of fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, valine, leucine, and isoleucine associated with non-hypertensive patients. In contrast, hypertensive patients were associated with high GlycA and GlycB levels and altered amino acid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the intricate interplay between metabolic dysregulation and hypertension in PCa patients. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise molecular pathways underlying lipid metabolism in PCa and to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways. In conclusion, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the metabolic landscape of PCa in Sudanese patients, emphasizing the importance of personalized approaches in cancer management.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"13 ","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel liquid biopsy assay for detection of <i>ERBB2</i> (HER2) amplification in circulating tumor cells (CTCs).","authors":"Giuseppe Di Caro, Ernest T Lam, David Bourdon, Martin Blankfard, Nilesh Dharajiya, Megan Slade, Emily Williams, Dong Zhang, Rick Wenstrup, Lee Schwartzberg","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2024.3046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33393/jcb.2024.3046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based <i>ERBB2</i> (HER2) assay is a laboratory test developed by Epic Sciences using single-cell genomics to detect <i>ERBB2</i> (HER2) amplification in CTCs found in the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Peripheral blood was collected in Streck tubes and centrifugation was used to remove plasma and red blood cells. The remaining nucleated cells were deposited on glass slides, immunofluorescent-stained with proprietary antibodies, scanned by a high-definition digital scanner, and analyzed by a proprietary algorithm. In addition, single-cell genomics was performed on selected CTC. Analytical validation was performed using white blood cells from healthy donors and breast cancer cell lines with known levels of <i>ERBB2</i> amplification. Clinical concordance was assessed on MBC patients whose blood was tested by the CTC <i>ERBB2</i> (HER2) assay and those results are compared to results of matched metastatic tissue biopsy (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+ or IHC2+/in situ hybridization [ISH+]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Epic's <i>ERBB2</i> (HER2) assay detected 2-fold <i>ERBB2</i> amplification with 85% sensitivity and 94% specificity. In the clinical concordance study, among the 50% of the cases that had <i>ERBB2</i> status results from CTCs found to be chromosomally-unstable, the CTC <i>ERBB2</i> (HER2) assay showed sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 78% when compared to HER2 status by metastatic tissue biopsy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CTC <i>ERBB2</i> (HER2) assay can consistently detect <i>ERBB2</i> status in MBC cell lines and in the population of patients with MBC with detectable chromosomally unstable CTCs for whom tissue biopsy is not available or is infeasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"13 ","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments to: Relation between interleukin-13 and annexin-V levels and carotid intima-media thickness in nephrotic syndrome.","authors":"Christian Saleh","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2024.3197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33393/jcb.2024.3197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"13 ","pages":"23-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11428125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author's reply to: Comments to: Relation between interleukin-13 and annexin-V levels and carotid intima-media thickness in nephrotic syndrome.","authors":"Asmaa A Elsehmawy","doi":"10.33393/jcb.2024.3284","DOIUrl":"10.33393/jcb.2024.3284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Circulating Biomarkers","volume":"13 ","pages":"25-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}