Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology最新文献_第2页

The Influence of Physical Examples on Originality and Fixation in Engineering Design 物理实例对工程设计中独创性和固定性的影响

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85396

C. Simmons, Trina C. Kershaw, Alexander LeGendre, S. Bhowmick

{"title":"The Influence of Physical Examples on Originality and Fixation in Engineering Design","authors":"C. Simmons, Trina C. Kershaw, Alexander LeGendre, S. Bhowmick","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85396","url":null,"abstract":"Improving creativity in engineering design continues to be a challenge. The relationship between fixation and creativity within engineering is mixed, as engineers desire to be innovative, yet are usually working from their existing knowledge to redesign existing products. In the current study, we wanted to examine the influence of physical examples on originality and fixation at the freshmen and senior level in a Mechanical Engineering program. We compared concepts for garbage collection systems generated by two groups — one provided with an example product (Example group), and another who did not receive an example product (No Example group). Using metrics established in prior publications, we found that seniors had higher levels of originality than freshmen whether an example product was received or not, reinforcing our previous findings. Fixation scores were higher for the group that did have an example. Receiving an example product was not a predictor of originality on its own, but did interact with curriculum and fixation level. Within the group that received an example product, there was a negative relationship between fixation and originality, particularly for the seniors. Within the group that did not receive an example product, there was no significant relationship between fixation and originality. Further analysis of our results are required to delineate how not receiving an example product influences design approach in freshmen and senior engineering students.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127817940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Toward a Model-Based Experimental Approach to Assessing Collective Systems Design 基于模型的实验方法评估集体系统设计

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85786

Ambrosio Valencia-Romero, P. Grogan

{"title":"Toward a Model-Based Experimental Approach to Assessing Collective Systems Design","authors":"Ambrosio Valencia-Romero, P. Grogan","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85786","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a conceptual model of collective decision-making processes in engineering systems design to understand the tradeoffs, risks, and dynamics between autonomous but interacting design actors. The proposed approach combines value-driven design, game theory, and simulation experimentation to study how technical and social factors of a design decision-making process facilitate or inhibit collective action. The collective systems design model considers two levels of decision-making: 1) lower-level design value exploration; and 2) upper-level design strategy selection. At the first level, the actors concurrently explore two strategy-specific value spaces with coupled design decision variables. Each collective decision is mapped to an individual scalar measure of preference (design value) that each actor seeks to maximize. At the second level, each of the actor’s design values from the two lower-level design exploration tasks is assigned to one diagonal entry of a normalform game, with off-diagonal elements calculated in function of the “sucker’s” and “temptation-to-defect” payoffs in a classical strategy game scenario. The model helps generate synthetic design problems with specific strategy dynamics between autonomous actors. Results from a preliminary multi-agent simulation study assess the validity of proposed design spaces and generate hypotheses for subsequent studies using human subjects.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128479870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A Proposed Quality Metric for Ideation Effectiveness 一种建议的创新有效性质量度量标准

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85401

A. Cheeley, M. Weaver, Caleb Bennetts, Benjamin W. Caldwell, Matthew G. Green

引用次数: 3

Inclusive Toy Design From a Lead User With Extraordinary Needs 来自具有特殊需求的主要用户的包容性玩具设计

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85403

M. C. Grover, Abigail R. Clarke-Sather

{"title":"Inclusive Toy Design From a Lead User With Extraordinary Needs","authors":"M. C. Grover, Abigail R. Clarke-Sather","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85403","url":null,"abstract":"Products designed for the mass market, especially toys, can leave children with extraordinary needs unable to use them; products created using inclusive design principles can limit the intention of the design by altering original design parameters to become as wide as possible so that users with a range of abilities can use them. In contrast, designing for lead users with disabilities by focusing on a select group of people with extraordinary needs can drive design forward for a less specific population. Undergraduate engineering students from the University of Minnesota Duluth designed toys to meet the unique developmental needs of such a lead user, a child with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). By focusing on the extreme needs of one specific child, the students designed toys that were engaging for the lead user as well as the preschoolers.\u0000 Three toys were prototyped using 3D printing and woodworking techniques and given to the lead user, age 4, as well as a group of children from a local daycare center, ages 16 to 33 months. The duration of each child’s interactions with the toys as well as the number of children able to accomplish the intended functions of the toys were tracked. The lead user accomplished 6 of the 9 total functions designed for the toys, 4 of which while using two hands. Additionally, the lead user accomplished 4 functions that under 50% of the daycare children accomplished. In general, the daycare center children played with the toys longer than the lead user. The toys engaged all the children in play that encouraged two-handed fine motor development, a challenge for children with hemiplegic CP.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121023172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Function Modeling: An Analysis of Pause Patterns in Modeling Activities 函数建模:建模活动中暂停模式的分析

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86103

Apurva Patel, William S. Kramer, Michelle Flynn, J. Summers, Marissa L. Shuffler

{"title":"Function Modeling: An Analysis of Pause Patterns in Modeling Activities","authors":"Apurva Patel, William S. Kramer, Michelle Flynn, J. Summers, Marissa L. Shuffler","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a protocol study conducted with mechanical engineering students, where the participants developed a function structure model for a novel design problem. A modeling activity video was recorded for each participant and coded using a protocol analysis. Pauses in the modeling process were analyzed to identify patterns based on pause time and frequency, distribution of pauses over the modeling activity, events following the pauses, and elements added after pauses. Results show that participants used an average of 38% of the modeling time in pauses with a pause frequency of 41%. Moreover, participants were also found to spend more time in pauses during the second and third quarters of the modeling activity. Subsequently, an analysis of pause lengths revealed three different pause groups corresponding to short, intermediate, and long pauses. Participants added elements to the model significantly more frequently, compared to editing and deleting elements. Instances of deleting were found to be more likely to occur after longer pauses, whereas editing was done more frequently after shorter pauses. Participants paused more frequently before adding flows, and more frequent pauses were observed before labeling function compared to adding function blocks. The flows were found to be labeled after pauses infrequently. Finally, limitations of the study are discussed, and future research questions have been identified.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122653907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Back to Basics: Sketching, Not CAD, Is the Key to Improving Essential Engineering Design Skills 回到基础:草图，而不是CAD，是提高基本工程设计技能的关键

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86325

Ethan C. Hilton, Taylor Gamble, Wayne Li, T. Hammond, J. Linsey

{"title":"Back to Basics: Sketching, Not CAD, Is the Key to Improving Essential Engineering Design Skills","authors":"Ethan C. Hilton, Taylor Gamble, Wayne Li, T. Hammond, J. Linsey","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86325","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to visually communicate ideas and the willingness to generate free-hand sketches are critical skills for engineers. With the advent of CAD, schools no longer teach drafting, prompting a concern over the lost art of free-hand sketching. Recent empirical data from senior design indicates they do not sketch until forced to do so and this agrees with much anecdotal data. This paper describes a novel approach to teaching sketching in a freshman CAD course using an industrial design methodology during the first six weeks of the semester. As expected, sketching skills improved, but there was concern that this may be at the expense of spatial visualization skills typically taught through isometric drawing. Spatial visualization skills are critical for engineers and have been linked to success in engineering programs. The current study measured spatial visualization skills at three points during the freshman CAD course. The industrial design approach to perspective sketching led to significant improvements in spatial visualization scores that were not statistically different from the more traditional approach within engineering. Overall, it was the sketching portion, not the CAD, that significantly improved the students’ spatial visualization scores. Including free-hand sketching in engineering not only improves sketching ability, but also improves the spatial visualization skills crucial for success in engineering in a way that CAD alone does not.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130630905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Change Propagation During Protoyping: A Case Study of a Robotic Inspection System for Dry Nuclear Waste Storage Casks 原型设计过程中的变化传播:一个干核废料储存罐机器人检测系统的案例研究

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86283

Jennifer Bracken, S. Brennan, C. Lissenden, T. Simpson, I. Sant, K. Reichard, M. B. Ng

{"title":"Change Propagation During Protoyping: A Case Study of a Robotic Inspection System for Dry Nuclear Waste Storage Casks","authors":"Jennifer Bracken, S. Brennan, C. Lissenden, T. Simpson, I. Sant, K. Reichard, M. B. Ng","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86283","url":null,"abstract":"In prototyping complex systems, concept iterations often reach a point where incremental modifications to one part in a complex system can produce unexpected, cascading changes in the rest of the system. This phenomenon can require time-consuming and expensive corrections, particularly when physical prototypes are involved — as was the situation in the case study presented here. A design tool, the Design Structure Matrix (DSM), is commonly used to predict change propagation in complex designs. Using several examples, this paper illustrates situations where conventional DSMs fail to predict change propagation in the prototypes created during a robotic inspection system design project, due to complex interactions and system design constraints. The case study discussed here, a robotic inspection system for a nuclear waste storage cask, included interactions not easily captured in a conventional DSM. It was these interactions that interfered with the use of this tool to predict design change propagation. The paper then presents a method that was conceived to manage such changes; a way of modifying conventional DSMs to include design constraints and components. The case study examples show that the resulting technique, called the C+C DSM method, would have better predicted mid-development change propagation in the prototyping process.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114095132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Rate of Variety and its Relation to Creativity Factors 变异率及其与创造性因素的关系

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85678

M. Weaver, Caleb Bennetts, Benjamin W. Caldwell

引用次数: 1

Design Heuristics: Analysis and Synthesis From Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Architecture Team 设计启发式:喷气推进实验室架构团队的分析与综合

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85584

Kenton B. Fillingim, R. O. Nwaeri, Felipe Borja, Katherine K. Fu, C. Paredis

引用次数: 1

Uncovering Ownership Bias: The Influence of Idea Goodness and Creativity on Design Professionals’ Concept Selection Practices 揭示所有权偏见:创意好与创意对设计专业人员概念选择实践的影响

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85964

Xuan Zheng, Scarlett R. Miller

{"title":"Uncovering Ownership Bias: The Influence of Idea Goodness and Creativity on Design Professionals’ Concept Selection Practices","authors":"Xuan Zheng, Scarlett R. Miller","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85964","url":null,"abstract":"Ownership bias is a type of decision making bias that leads to an individual’s tendency to prefer their own ideas over the ideas of others during the design process. While prior work has identified the existence of this effect in design professionals, this prior research failed to take into account the social effects of working in a team environment or to identifying the underlying impact of the characteristics of the idea set that impact the effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the existence of ownership bias and the factors underlying its existence through two design workshops with 45 design professionals from two engineering companies. Through the study, design professionals individually generated and selected ideas as part of a 2-hour team design challenge. The ideas were rated for their perceived future value through team consensus and for their creativity by expert ratings. The results suggest that design professionals only exhibited ownership bias for ideas that were assessed to have little to no future value in the design process by their team members (low in idea goodness) and the creativity of the ideas did not effect this relationship. However, professionals did show a preference for ideas with high usefulness and low uniqueness, demonstrating a potential bias against creative concepts regardless of ownership.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127538117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1