Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology最新文献_第3页

Achieving Simplicity: Development and Design of Simple Products 实现简单:简单产品的开发和设计

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85254

F. Pilz, S. Vajna, M. Schabacker

引用次数: 3

Understanding Ecological Efficiency and Robustness for Network Design Using Thermodynamic Power Cycles 利用热力学功率循环理解网络设计的生态效率和鲁棒性

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85404

Varuneswara Panyam, Tirth Dave, A. Layton

{"title":"Understanding Ecological Efficiency and Robustness for Network Design Using Thermodynamic Power Cycles","authors":"Varuneswara Panyam, Tirth Dave, A. Layton","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85404","url":null,"abstract":"Ecology has acted as a source for sound design principles and studies of ecosystems have examined how ecological principles can enhance sustainable human network design. Engineered systems are often designed for maximum performance, but in many cases, robustness is lost due to unwanted variations in inputs or efficiency. Taguchi’s signal to noise ratio and other quality engineering principles are well known fundamentals in the field of robust design. In this paper, we will introduce flow-based metrics from ecological network analysis (ENA) for robustness, efficiency, and redundancy. Ecosystem robustness is related to the balance between flow path diversity and system delivery efficiency. Systems with diverse flows are more resilient to a disturbance since there are redundant pathways, but are inefficient because they contain many flow paths with the same endpoints. Efficient systems are better able to transfer material and energy, but this is at the cost of fewer pathways so the system is brittle. Thus to survive a disturbance, an ecosystem system balances redundancy with efficiency. Thermodynamic power cycles are used to understand the relationship between energy efficiency, measured using first law efficiency, and ecological robustness and an ecological balance of efficiency to redundancy (as measured by ascendency vs development capacity). The result highlights the importance of understanding differences in the meaning of efficiency between two fields, and that from an engineering standpoint robustness does not have to be sacrificed to obtain energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131336676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Inspired Internal Search: Using Neuroimaging to Understand Design Ideation and Concept Generation With Inspirational Stimuli 灵感的内部搜索:使用神经成像来理解设计创意和概念生成与灵感刺激

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85690

K. Goucher-Lambert, Jarrod Moss, J. Cagan

{"title":"Inspired Internal Search: Using Neuroimaging to Understand Design Ideation and Concept Generation With Inspirational Stimuli","authors":"K. Goucher-Lambert, Jarrod Moss, J. Cagan","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85690","url":null,"abstract":"While a large subset of work within the design research community has demonstrated that supportive stimuli (e.g., analogies) are a powerful assistive tool for designers, little is known about the cognitive processes enabling inspiration during design activity. To provide insight into this open question, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment was developed to study design concept generation with and without support from inspirational stimuli (N = 21). The stimuli provided in this work were words given at varying levels of abstraction from the design problems and were meant to support cognitive processes similar to analogical reasoning. Results from this work demonstrate that inspirational stimuli of any kind (near or far from the problem space) improve the fluency of idea generation and illustrate the moments during ideation that such stimuli can be used as a supportive tool. Furthermore, neuroimaging data help to uncover distinct brain activation networks based upon reasoning with and without inspirational stimuli. We find that the successful application of inspirational stimuli during concept generation leads to a specific pattern of brain activation, which we term “inspired internal search.” Prior work by the authors has demonstrated an impasse-based activation network that is more prevalent in the absence of inspirational stimuli. Together, these brain activation networks provide insight into the differences between ideating with and without inspirational stimuli. Moreover these networks lend new meaning to what happens when a presented stimuli is too far from the design problem being solved.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133353267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Divergence in Problems Rather Than Solutions: Design Processes of Microfluidic Engineers in Academia 问题分歧而非解决方案:学术界微流控工程师的设计过程

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86134

Jin Woo Lee, S. Daly, A. Huang-Saad, C. Seifert

{"title":"Divergence in Problems Rather Than Solutions: Design Processes of Microfluidic Engineers in Academia","authors":"Jin Woo Lee, S. Daly, A. Huang-Saad, C. Seifert","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86134","url":null,"abstract":"Front-end design processes including problem definition and idea generation set a course for the ultimate success of a design. Many design process models emphasize the importance of divergence — considering alternative options — in promoting creativity. Depending on the circumstances of the design environment, design strategies to support divergence may be different as design processes are impacted by various contextual factors, such as available resources and expertise. To investigate how engineers explore alternatives during front-end design, we interviewed 10 academic engineers working in the discipline of microfluidics. Typically, a design process is described as identifying a problem and then generating potential solutions. In our sample, we found these engineers began their design processes with an existing solution and then searched for problems that fit. This qualitative study provided rich descriptions of design processes that show little to no evidence of divergence in generating possible solutions, and instead provide evidence of significant divergence in exploring possible problems. These data suggest traditional models of the design process are inadequate to capture the inverted solution-to-problem design process evident in designs of microfluidic devices created by academics. Understanding how design processes are altered in practice based on contextual factors such as setting and discipline can lead to strategies to better support innovation.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129388015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Function Ordering Within Morphological Charts: An Experimental Study 形态学图中功能排序的实验研究

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86184

Anant Chawla, J. Summers

{"title":"Function Ordering Within Morphological Charts: An Experimental Study","authors":"Anant Chawla, J. Summers","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86184","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological charts are widely recognized tools in engineering design applications and research. However, a literature gap exists in instructing the representation and exploration of morphological charts. In this paper, an experiment is conducted to understand how morphological charts are explored and what impact functional arrangement has on it. The experiment consisted of two problem statements, each with five different functional arrangements: 1) Most to Least Important Function, 2) Least to Most Important Function, 3) Input to Output Function, 4) Output to Input Function, and 5) Random. Sixty-seven junior mechanical engineering students were provided a prepopulated morphological chart and asked to generate integrated design concepts. The generated concepts were analyzed to determine how frequently a given means is selected, how much of the chart is explored, what is the sequence of exploration, and finally the influence of function ordering on them. Experimental results indicate a tendency to focus more on the initial columns of the chart irrespective of functional order. Moreover, the Most-to-Least-Important functional order results in higher chances and uniformity of design space exploration.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126963224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Extending Lead User Theory to Participatory Co-Design: A Case Study in a Base of the Pyramid Context 将主导用户理论扩展到参与式协同设计:基于金字塔背景的案例研究

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86009

R. Ross, Katherine Rouen, J. Austin-Breneman

{"title":"Extending Lead User Theory to Participatory Co-Design: A Case Study in a Base of the Pyramid Context","authors":"R. Ross, Katherine Rouen, J. Austin-Breneman","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86009","url":null,"abstract":"New product development (NPD) presents a number of challenges to engineering teams designing for the base of the economic pyramid (BoP). Existing design methods may not be appropriate for the unique operating context. In response to these differences, product design teams and researchers have turned to participatory design as an approach to designing with people in emerging communities to address the main failure mode identified in past BoP projects, namely the misidentification of user needs. Past research and experience has demonstrated that identifying users to engage in participatory co-design is challenging and effectively selecting the right user is critical for a successful project. This study examines whether Urban and Von Hippel’s Lead User Theory could be effective in NPD processes for BoP markets. This work explores extending Lead User Theory to participatory co-design projects in a BoP context using a case study of an improved cook stove design in Gujarat, India. A comparison of themes drawn from qualitative analysis of stakeholder interviews to Von Hippel’s Lead User Theory illustrates possible changes to the lead user concept to account for the BoP context. Results suggest that being “ahead of trend” is not critical to participatory co-design success. An extended model which includes an expanded definition of expected benefit, design communication skills, and access to user preferences through a social network could help identify “lead users” for participatory co-design projects in BoP contexts.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124378635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Data-Driven Function Network Analysis for Product Platform Planning: A Case Study of Spherical Rolling Robots 面向产品平台规划的数据驱动函数网络分析——以球面滚动机器人为例

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85759

Binyang Song, Jianxi Luo, R. E. Mohan, K. Wood

{"title":"Data-Driven Function Network Analysis for Product Platform Planning: A Case Study of Spherical Rolling Robots","authors":"Binyang Song, Jianxi Luo, R. E. Mohan, K. Wood","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85759","url":null,"abstract":"A properly designed product-system platform can reduce the cost and lead-time to design and develop a product family and thus achieve the tradeoff between economy of scope from product variety and economy of scale from platform sharing. Traditionally, product platform planning uses heuristic and manual approaches and relies on expertise and intuition. In this paper, we propose a data-driven method to draw the boundary of a platform, complementing other platform design approaches and assisting designers in the architecting process. The method generates a network of functions through relationships of their co-occurrences in prior designs of a product domain, and uses a network analysis algorithm to identify an optimal core-periphery structure. Functions identified in the network core co-occur cohesively and frequently with one another in prior designs, and thus are suggested for inclusion in the potential platform to be shared across a variety of product-systems with peripheral functions. We apply the method to identifying the platform functions for spherical rolling robots, based on patent data.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123003025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Prototyping for Desirability by Design of Experiments: A Case Study of a Hardware Startup 通过实验设计的可取性原型:一个硬件启动的案例研究

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86293

L. S. Jensen, Daniel Vorting, A. Villadsen, Lasse Hylleberg Mølleskov, A. Özkil

{"title":"Prototyping for Desirability by Design of Experiments: A Case Study of a Hardware Startup","authors":"L. S. Jensen, Daniel Vorting, A. Villadsen, Lasse Hylleberg Mølleskov, A. Özkil","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study on how prototyping and ‘Design of Experiments’ principles can be applied in the early stages of product development. It is explored how four design parameters affect the perceived desirability of a physical alarm device, in development by a small start-up company. By utilizing recent advancements in the tools and platforms, available for the fabrication of prototypes, a range of physical prototypes are made. These prototypes are used to conduct 44 user tests and the results were used to establish a statistical model based on the Response Surface Methodology. The results of the model are outlined, highlighting the primary drivers of product desirability, as well as exemplifying the dynamics among the explored desirability parameters. The statistical model is tested through an experiment, which verifies the model’s ability to prescribe the perceived desirability for specific prototypes of the alarm device. The study hereby presents promising results for incorporating Design of Experiment principles in early stages of product development, and the authors encourage further studies to be conducted.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126701567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

“A Makerspace Is More Than Just a Room Full of Tools”: What Learning Looks Like for Female Students in Makerspaces “创客空间不仅仅是一个充满工具的房间”:在创客空间中，女学生的学习是什么样子的

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-86276

Megan E. Tomko, A. Schwartz, W. Newstetter, Melissa W. Alemán, R. Nagel, J. Linsey

{"title":"“A Makerspace Is More Than Just a Room Full of Tools”: What Learning Looks Like for Female Students in Makerspaces","authors":"Megan E. Tomko, A. Schwartz, W. Newstetter, Melissa W. Alemán, R. Nagel, J. Linsey","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-86276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-86276","url":null,"abstract":"Postulating that the act of making stimulates learning, a widespread effort prompted the integration of makerspaces on college campuses. From community colleges to research-based higher education institutions, large investments were and still are being made to advance the making spirit and encourage non-traditional learning in academic settings. While optimistic that students are taking advantage of the makerspace resources and are in fact learning from their experiences, there needs to be a more direct effort to understand the learning, if any, that is occurring in the makerspace. The makerspace is labeled as an open, learning environment where students are able to design, create, innovate, and collaborate [1, 2]. In response, we investigate the claims of this statement through the research question: how is learning experienced by female students in an academic makerspace? Female students in STEM, especially those engaged in makerspaces, have unique and uncharacteristic experiences that can lend way to various learning and pedagogical implications. The purpose of this paper is to highlight our methodological process for incorporating in-depth phenomenologically based interviewing and for utilizing open and axial coding methods to establish grounded theory. We interview five female students through purposeful maximum variation sampling and snowball sampling. Through a rigorous and iterative data analysis process of the ten-percent of the overall, we created a preliminary coding scheme that articulates how learning is occurring, what design skills are being learned, and what life skills are being learned. These preliminary findings show that not only are these female students learning by doing and learning how to problem solve in design, but they are also overcoming fears, developing patience, and communicating ideas in these design-oriented makerspaces.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122658655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Using the Field Flow Design Methodology to Create Safe Consumer Products 使用场流设计方法创造安全的消费产品

Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology Pub Date : 2018-08-26 DOI: 10.1115/DETC2018-85643

S. Laughlin, Valtteri Niutanen, R. Stone, K. Otto

{"title":"Using the Field Flow Design Methodology to Create Safe Consumer Products","authors":"S. Laughlin, Valtteri Niutanen, R. Stone, K. Otto","doi":"10.1115/DETC2018-85643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2018-85643","url":null,"abstract":"Energy powered devices often contain sufficient energy levels to require safety considerations. These are typically addressed in latter design phases through failure and safety assessments and mitigation strategies, after the concept is determined and design freedom is restricted. We introduce here an approach to consider safety in the early, initial conceptual design phases. We do this by considering the energy and material flow fields necessary for a design concept, and the effects these fields have. With this understanding, partitioning metrics can produce relative field layouts that can be used as a basis for new product concepts. The objective is to reduce user injury and material waste. Relative field layouts are generated by partitioning a product into its constituent fields and assigning values to them according to safety risk and relative connectivity. Then a layout is computed to provide necessary connectivity but also to reduce human interaction with high safety concern fields. A function structure layout can then be more readily developed from the field connectivity layout. The approach computes and presents the engineer with a field template for the product. This prevents internal product modules from dangerously combining high value fields with low value fields, which can thereby reduce exposure of the user to danger.","PeriodicalId":375011,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: 30th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121589191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0