Nutrition and Healthy Aging最新文献

{"title":"Life-extending dietary restriction, but not dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids, can increase organismal oxidation rates of individual branched-chain amino acids by grasshoppers.","authors":"J D Hatle,&nbsp;A Karjasevic,&nbsp;E Rehfeldt,&nbsp;F S Nagle,&nbsp;L J Milano,&nbsp;S Patel,&nbsp;D Hiatt,&nbsp;M D McCue","doi":"10.3233/NHA-190073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-190073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Life-extending dietary restriction increases energy demands. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), at high levels, may be detrimental to healthspan by activating the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). Whether organismal oxidation of BCAAs increases upon dietary restriction is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Test whether dietary restriction (DR, which creates an energy deficit) or supplemental dietary BCAAs (superfluous BCAAs) increases oxidation of BCAAs, potentially reducing their levels to improve healthspan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Grasshoppers were reared to middle-age on one of four diets, each a level of lettuce feeding and a force-fed solution: 1) ad libitum lettuce & buffer, 2) ad libitum lettuce & supplemental BCAAs, 3) DR lettuce & buffer, and 4) DR lettuce & supplemental BCAAs. On trial days, grasshoppers were force-fed one ¹³C-1-BCAA (isoleucine, leucine, or valine). Breath was collected and tested for ¹³CO₂, which represents organismal oxidation of the amino acid. Additional trials re-tested oxidation of leucine (the most potent activator of mTOR) in both females and males on dietary restriction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary restriction generally increased cumulative oxidation of each BCAA in females and hungry males over ∼8 hr. Results were consistent for isoleucine and valine, but less so for leucine. Supplementation of BCAAs, in combination with dietary restriction, increased isoleucine in hemolymph, with similar trends for leucine and valine. Despite this, supplementation of BCAAs did not alter oxidation of any BCAAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary restriction can increase oxidation of BCAAs, likely due to an energy deficit. The increased oxidation may decrease available BCAAs for activation of mTOR and improve healthspan.</p>","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"5 3","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-190073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37581479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of flavonoid-rich blueberry on cognitive and vascular function in healthy older adults","authors":"G. F. Dodd, C. Williams, L. Butler, J. Spencer","doi":"10.3233/NHA-180056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-180056","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: \u0000 \u0000Consumption of flavonoids, natural compounds found in foods such as berries and cocoa, have been shown to be beneficial for cognitive function. However, less is known about potential mechanisms and acute benefits for the older population. \u0000 \u0000OBJECTIVE: \u0000 \u0000To determine whether acute intake of flavonoid-rich blueberry could have beneficial effects on cognitive function in a sample of healthy older adults and identify possible mechanisms. \u0000 \u0000METHODS: \u0000 \u0000A cross-over randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted (N = 18) with volunteers receiving a flavonoid-rich blueberry beverage (579mg of antho- and pro-cyanidins) on one visit and a sugar-matched control on another. Cognitive function was measured at baseline, 2 and 5 hours post consumption of the intervention and blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration at baseline and an hour post-intervention. \u0000 \u0000RESULTS: \u0000 \u0000Whilst there was no significant effect of the intervention on global cognitive function, performance was significantly different at 2 compared to 5 hours following the control beverage (p   0.05). \u0000 \u0000CONCLUSIONS: \u0000 \u0000A single dose of flavonoid-rich blueberry could have a potentially protective effect on cognitive function in healthy older adults, possibly due to improved cerebrovascular function and positive interactions with cell signalling pathways involved in cognitive processes.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-180056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45867459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The supplementation with Resveratrol and α-Tocopherol could reduce the risk of sarcopenia in dogs by counteracting the oxidative stress","authors":"R. F. Pastor, P. Restani, Juan E. Romero, E. B. Ferro, D. Serantes, J. E. Ugalde, E. Pastor, R. Iermoli","doi":"10.3233/NHA-180061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-180061","url":null,"abstract":". Several scientific evidences show that oxidative stress is associated with the origin, progression and severity of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Due to the longer duration of life, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis and cachexia are considered emerging syndromes for dogs and cats. The objective was to investigate the impact of a supplementation with resveratrol and (cid:2) -tocopherol (JUVENIA ® ) on the harmful effects of oxidative stress in adult dogs. The study was able to demonstrate this supplementation was able to positively modulate creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase, which are considered useful biomarkers for sarcopenia, bone formation and speed in bone remodeling. As a result of the longer life of domestic animals and, in particular dogs, the use of food supplements with antioxidant activity could play a critical role in reducing/delaying the onset of chronic-degenerative diseases. On the basis of the present study, the use of products containing resveratrol and (cid:2) -tocopherol acetate seems to be a promising approach for improving the health of dogs. mentation, there was a statistically significant reduction of serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase These values returned to baseline after a further 45 days of basal diet without supplementation (control). Also, in this case the increase was statistically significant, while no difference was observed between baseline and data at day 90, (see Table 2).","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-180061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48933071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central nervous system SIRT1 expression is required for cued and contextual fear conditioning memory responses in aging mice","authors":"Devin Wahl, R. Gokarn, S. Mitchell, Samantha M. Solon-Biet, V. Cogger, S. Simpson, D. L. Le Couteur, R. de Cabo","doi":"10.3233/NHA-180059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-180059","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent enzyme that has important roles in many biological processes involved in aging, including cell growth and repair, inflammation, and energy regulation. SIRT1 activity is modulated in response to certain nutritional interventions that increase healthspan and longevity in rodents, including calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF). In addition to positively influencing cardiometabolic health, SIRT1 is important for brain health and may be critical in the preservation of memory processes that deteriorate during aging. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of brain-associated SIRT1 expression in the acquisition of fear memory in mice at 45 and 65 weeks of age. METHODS: Mice with brain-specific knock-out or overexpression of Sirt1 were assessed on a fear conditioning paradigm to determine the role of SIRT1 in fear memory acquisition. RESULTS: In the current study, mice lacking the expression of brain SIRT1 could not learn the fear conditioning paradigm during training, context, or cue phases. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that SIRT1 expression in the brain is critical for the formation of fear memory in male mice at two distinct ages, highlighting the essential role of SIRT1 in fear memory acquisition during aging.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"5 1","pages":"111 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-180059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45306476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of timing of food intake and fat/carbohydrate ratio on insulin sensitivity and preconditioning against renal ischemia reperfusion injury by calorie restriction.","authors":"Justin S Reynolds,&nbsp;Wei Peng,&nbsp;Timothy Chu,&nbsp;James R Mitchell","doi":"10.3233/NHA-180044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-180044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary restriction (DR) improves lifespan, metabolic fitness and resilience in many organisms, but the role of dietary macronutrient composition and timing of food intake in specific benefits remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to compare the effects of two isocaloric DR regimes differing in the timing of food intake - every other day (EOD) fasting/feeding vs. daily calorie restriction (CR) - at two different fat/carbohydrate ratios on two well-established DR benefits, improved glucose homeostasis and protection from renal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. We hypothesized that both EOD fasting and isocaloric CR would result in similar improvements in glucose homeostasis and stress resistance independent of macronutrient composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six groups of mice were fed either semi-purified low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat) and randomized into one of three dietary regimens: 1) <i>ad libitum</i> (AL), 2) EOD feeding/fasting, or 3) pair-fed daily to the average daily EOD intake within LFD or HFD feeding group resulting in daily CR. After 6 weeks, the following assessments were made: fasting blood glucose, glucose and insulin tolerance, and resistance to bilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury using serum urea as a marker of renal function. Within the EOD group, the effects of prior day feeding (EOD^fed vs. EOD^fast) were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EOD mice ate ∼20-25% less food over time than AL mice on the corresponding LFD or HFD. EOD and CR mice displayed changes in body weight, fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance commensurate with total calorie intake. No significant differences were observed in circulating IGF-1 levels. Insulin sensitivity improved independent of fat/carbohydrate ratio on daily CR and EOD^fast regimens, but not EOD^fed. HFD increased susceptibility to renal ischemia reperfusion in AL mice, while CR and EOD regimens gave significant protection independent of dietary fat content or fed or fasted day in the EOD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reduced food intake protects mice against renal ischemia reperfusion injury within 6 weeks independent of timing of food intake (CR, EOD^fast, EOD^fed) or fat content of diet (10% vs. 60%). Neither circulating IGF-1 levels (unchanged) nor whole-body insulin sensitivity (improved upon daily CR and EOD^fast but not EOD^fed) correlated with protection, so are unlikely to be involved mechanistically.</p>","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"5 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-180044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37246660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Trials Corner","authors":"","doi":"10.3233/nha-189000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-189000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/nha-189000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is rapamycin a rapalog?","authors":"D. Glass, Dudley Lamming","doi":"10.3233/NHA-180045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-180045","url":null,"abstract":"David Glass and Dudley Lamming debate the question of “Is Rapamycin a Rapalog” while the world votes.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-180045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70143730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3-month mastication intervention improves recognition memory","authors":"Curie Kim, S. Miquel, S. Thuret","doi":"10.3233/NHA-180047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-180047","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Decreased mastication due to edentulism in both humans and animals have a negative impact on brain function and cognition. Human populations have shown a close association between masticatory function, cognitive status and age-related neurodegeneration in the elderly. Evidence shows that mastication during tasks may have an acute positive impact on normal cognitive function, such as sustained attention. However, there is a lack of evidence showing the long-term effects of changes in habitual masticatory behaviour on cognition. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of a 3-month mastication intervention on cognitive function in healthy older adults. METHODS: 53 participants aged 45–70 years old were required to chew mint-flavoured sugar free chewing gum for 10 minutes, 3 times a day over 3 months. Pattern separation and recognition memory was measured using the Mnemonic Similarity Task. Questionnaires were administered to measure changes in mood, anxiety, and sleep quality. RESULTS: Extended periods of mastication gave rise to a significant improvement in recognition memory compared to a non-chewing control group. CONCLUSION: With an ageing population, non-medical interventions are imperative to delay age-related cognitive decline. Further work needs to be carried out in larger populations to validate the findings in this study and elucidate potential mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-180047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70143797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nutrition for healthy living study: A randomised clinical trial assessing the effect of protein sources on healthy ageing","authors":"R. Ribeiro, S. Simpson, D. Couteur, D. Raubenheimer, Joerg Eberhard, Kate Ruiz, L. Macia, Yvanna Todorova, A. Gosby","doi":"10.3233/NHA-180055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-180055","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Worldwide, populations are ageing with significant impact on health patterns. Studies have shown that low protein, high carbohydrate diets are associated with more favourable outcomes. Plant-based diets have also been shown to have a positive impact on cardiometabolic health, weight loss and prevention of all causes of mortality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study is to assess the main and interactive effects of two macronutrient interventions in a 2 × 2 factorial dietary design to determine their effects on appetite and health outcomes in older individuals. METHODS: Individuals aged 65 to 75 with a BMI between 20 and 35 kg/m2 were recruited. Participants were provided with ad libitum access to one of four diets for four weeks, designed as a 2 × 2 factorial. Each dietary treatment provided 14% of energy as protein, which was either omnivorous or semi-vegetarian in origin. The remaining complement of macronutrient energy (80–82%) was either relatively high in fat (37–41% of energy) and low in carbohydrates (41–43%), or vice versa (28–29% fat with 53% carbohydrate). Study diets were provided via a meal delivery company. Self-completed questionnaires, biospecimen and clinical assessments were collected before and after intervention to assess cardio-metabolic, oral and gut health, body composition and physical performance. RESULTS: Trial status is currently ongoing (sample and data analyses). CONCLUSIONS: This study will help determine whether protein-source (plant vs animal) and fat to carbohydrate ratio have an impact on predictors of healthy ageing. These findings will also create a sound foundation on which to base nutritional interventions in older individuals to support healthy ageing.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NHA-180055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70143906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging research using the common marmoset: Focus on aging interventions.","authors":"Corinna N Ross,&nbsp;Adam B Salmon","doi":"10.3233/nha-180046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/nha-180046","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional animal models have been used to make seminal discoveries in biomedical research including a better understanding of the biology of the aging process. However, translation of these findings from laboratory to clinical populations has likely been hindered due to fundamental biological and physiological differences between common laboratory animals and humans. Non-human primates (NHP) may serve as an effective bridge towards translation, and short-lived NHP like the common marmoset offer many advantages as models for aging research. Here, we address these advantages and discuss what is currently understood about the changes in physiology and pathology that occur with age in the marmoset. In addition, we discuss how aging research might best utilize this model resource, and outline an ongoing study to address whether pharmaceutical intervention can slow aging in the marmoset. With this manuscript, we clarify how common marmosets might assist researchers in geroscience as a potential model for pre-clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":37419,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Healthy Aging","volume":"5 2","pages":"97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/nha-180046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25559640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}