Injury Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Dog bite injuries and armed conflict-related environmental stressors: a nationwide population-based time-series study.","authors":"Shon Shabat, Lia Schoenfeld, Adi Turjeman, Sigal Fleishman, Dean Ad-El, Asaf Olshinka","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00681-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-026-00681-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dog bite injuries pose a substantial public health burden worldwide. Environmental and acoustic stressors may contribute to dog behavioral dysregulation. However, there are as yet no population-level studies evaluating whether the incidence of dog bites increases during periods of armed conflict. The present study was conducted in Israel where the population is routinely exposed to an episodic pattern of high-intensity conflicts (escalation) alternating with periods of calm (de-escalation), providing a unique natural experiment to examine the effect of environmental stressors on population-level modifiers of injury risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide retrospective observational study covered the decade from 2014 to 2025. Healthcare-encounter data were used to capture dog bite-related diagnoses in both hospital and community settings. Exposure to armed conflict-related environmental stress was operationalized using the number of civil defense sirens per month, categorized as none (0), low (< 500), or high (≥ 500) and aggregated by geographic region (North, Center, South). Monthly dog bite counts were modeled using negative binomial regression adjusted for region, seasonality, age group, sex, and socioeconomic status. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization within 7 days and surgical intervention within 30 days, reflecting injury severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 63,285 dog bite-related encounters were identified. Compared to months with no sirens, adjusted dog bite incidence increased by 15% during low-exposure months (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.15, 95% CI 1.13-1.18) and by 33% during high-exposure months (IRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.28-1.37), demonstrating a graded exposure-response association. High exposure was associated with increased odds of surgical intervention within 30 days (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16; P = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first population-level evidence linking armed conflict-related environmental stressors to increased dog bite incidence, using a quantitative graded exposure measure rather than a binary conflict-period definition. Dog bite prevention and healthcare preparedness should be taken into consideration in civilian injury mitigation strategies during armed conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in the prevalence and reporting of civilian justifiable firearm homicide.","authors":"Camerin A Rencken, Rosanna Smart, Dulani Woods, Terry L Schell, Andrew R Morral","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00680-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-026-00680-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Civilian justifiable firearm homicides (CJFH), an important component of defensive gun use, are central to debates on gun policy and ownership but have received limited scholarly attention. This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of CJFH across two national datasets, with a focus on understanding differences across datasets in the relationship of decedent race with the determination of justifiability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used data from 2016 to 2022 from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) and Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR). Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions assessed the association between coded decedent race and the likelihood that a firearm homicide was coded as justifiable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After geographically harmonizing the datasets, CJFH incidents were more common in NVDRS (n = 1887) than SHR (n = 1576). NVDRS had a lower proportion of Black CJFH decedents (58%) compared to SHR (67%). Restricting to a more closely matched set of incidents, adjusted models showed higher odds of coding the decedents of CJFH as Black in SHR (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.93-1.46) than NVDRS (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.82-1.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Discrepancies in the racial composition of CJFH across NVDRS and SHR do not arise for other decedent characteristics or among non-CJFH cases. Differences in the coding of CJFH highlight potential issues with evaluating racial disparities and the need to address biases in firearm data infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pickleball-related injuries treated at a tertiary academic center over five years: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yue Meng, Aaron Chen, Chantal Nguyen, Matt Kaufman, Daniel Li, Nicole Pham, Raymond Chou, Eugene Roh","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00673-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-026-00673-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pickleball has grown rapidly in popularity in recent years, accompanied by an increasing number of reported injuries among players. Our aim is to determine the epidemiology of pickleball-related injuries at a single academic center and evaluate patient-specific factors such as incidence and type of injury, mechanisms of injury, and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study at a tertiary academic outpatient orthopedic and physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. We reviewed 164 cases of patients presenting with pickleball-related injuries from 2019 to 2023 involving the shoulder (n = 23), elbow (n = 8), wrist/hand (n = 30), hip/thigh (n = 9), knee (n = 52), foot/ankle (n = 32), and spine (n = 10). Independent variables included age, gender, and hand dominance. Outcome measures included injury type, laterality, treatment modality, and follow-up duration. Demographic and epidemiologic data were analyzed, and comparisons between injury characteristics were performed using appropriate statistical tests (Fisher's exact tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common pickleball-related injuries included lateral epicondylitis at the elbow (75%), rotator cuff tears at the shoulder (70%), distal radius fractures after a fall at the hand/wrist (60%), Achilles tendon tears at the foot/ankle (50%), radicular pain and spinal stenosis at the spine (50% each), medial meniscus tears at the knee (48%), and hamstring strain or rupture and iliopsoas tendinitis at the hip/thigh (33% each).Rates of injury were similar between male and female players except in the hand/wrist, which was higher among female players (77%). Non-paddle side injuries in the upper extremity occur disproportionally higher in the hand/wrist (52%) when compared to the shoulder (7%) or elbow (17%) (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in laterality for lower extremity and spine injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As pickleball has become the fastest growing sport in America, the incidence of pickleball-related injuries has risen dramatically. Characterizing the wide spectrum of musculoskeletal injuries unique to pickleball may inform athletes on injury prevention considerations and allows for targeting modifiable risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabic translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary validation of the International Olympic Committee Medical Report of Injury and Illness form.","authors":"Azad M Jan, Doaa Aljasser, Fahad Bin Radhyan, Abdulrahman I Alaqil","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00678-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-026-00678-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surveillance of injuries and illnesses is crucial to safeguarding athletes' health and performance. Obtaining reliable, comparable data requires the application of standardized definitions and methodologies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study sought to (i) translate the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Report of Injury and Illness form from English to Arabic, (ii) culturally adjust it for use with Arabic speakers, and (iii) test it for use among Arabic-speaking athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The original English version of the Medical Report of Injury form was translated into Arabic using internationally recognized methods and cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. This process included forward-backwards translation, expert review, and cognitive interviews. The participants (N = 19) comprised Saudi Arabian athletes with previous injuries, coaches, and sports medicine professionals. The preliminary content validity was evaluated using the Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave). Face validity was assessed using cognitive interviews with 15 of the 19 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The I-CVI scores for all 14 items ranged from 0.86 to 1.00; the S-CVI/Ave score was 0.96, both of which indicate good agreement content validity. A total of 13 items were rated \"highly suitable\" (score = 4); one item (\"no return to sport possible\") attracted a score of 3. Cognitive interviews confirmed that all items were clear and culturally appropriate for the Arabic participants. Minor wording changes were made to some items based on participant feedback.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Arabic version of the IOC Medical Report of Injury and Illness form demonstrated high preliminary content and face validity. Therefore, this version is deemed suitable for use with Arabic-speaking athletes for standardized injury and illness reporting. Adopting the Arabic version of the form is expected to improve the accuracy and comparability of epidemiological data and may foster its integration into digital injury surveillance systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. adults who formerly owned firearms: 5-year incidence of and reasons for divestment among a national sample.","authors":"Mary S Lee, Deborah Azrael, Matthew Miller","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00679-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-026-00679-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>National surveys routinely provide estimates of personal and household firearm ownership, allowing changes in firearm prevalence to be assessed over time. By contrast, the determinants of changes in prevalence (new acquisitions and divestments) are rarely assessed. This study estimates the proportion of United States adults who divested of their firearms, describes divestor characteristics, and assesses why former gun owners chose to divest.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Using data from the 2024 National Firearms Survey (n = 12,909), we estimate that 1.7% of United States adults (95% Confidence Intervals: 1.5, 2.0), voluntarily divested of their firearms in the 5-years prior to the survey. Of these 5.8 million divestors, an estimated 18.1% (95% Confidence Intervals: 12.5, 25.5) divested because of safety concerns. Overall, 23.6% (95% Confidence Intervals: 17.2, 31.6) of divestors currently live in a household with a gun owner.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly 6 million adults in the United States divested of their firearms in the 5-years prior to our survey; only one in five did so out of safety concerns. Future work should seek to understand more about the circumstances surrounding divestment from both those who viewed their firearms as posing a safety risk and from those who divested for other reasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling injury severity among motor vehicle occupants using a safe system-aligned, population-based framework: evidence from Ohio crash data (2017-2023).","authors":"Angela L Harden, Mary E Cole, Brian Bautsch, Brittany Shoots-Reinhard, Christopher Kinn, Lauren Cardoni, Jeremy Thompson, John H Bolte","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00676-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-026-00676-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of serious injury and death in the United States. Although individual crash risk factors are well documented, less is known about how multiple risk factors co-occur across system domains to influence injury severity. This study applies a Safe System framework to estimate the population-level probability of suspected serious injury (SSI) or fatality associated with combinations of crash-related factors spanning the domains of People, Vehicle, Road, and Speed using statewide Ohio crash data from 2017 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Crash records from the Ohio Department of Public Safety were analyzed using multivariable generalized linear models. Person-, vehicle-, and crash-level variables were classified into four Safe System domains. Regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds and predicted probabilities of SSI or fatality associated with individual risk factors and combinations of co-occurring factors. Marginal effects were calculated to quantify changes in predicted risk across varying risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behavioral factors, including driver impairment and lack of restraint use, were associated with the largest increases in predicted probability of serious or fatal injury. Vehicle factors, such as older model year, and roadway characteristics, including roadway departure and curved alignments, also contributed significantly to injury risk. The highest predicted probabilities of severe outcomes occurred when multiple risk factors were present simultaneously across Safe System domains, demonstrating the compounding nature of injury risk within real-world crash environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serious and fatal crash outcomes are driven by interactions among risk factors across People, Vehicle, Road, and Speed domains. Consistent with Safe System principles, the most severe outcomes arise when layers of protection fail simultaneously. By quantifying conditional probabilities for specific combinations of risk factors, this study provides a practical, scalable, and data-driven framework for identifying system vulnerabilities and prioritizing integrated countermeasures. Strategies that simultaneously address behavioral risks, modernize the vehicle fleet, improve roadway design, and manage travel speeds are likely to produce greater reductions in SSI and fatalities than single-domain approaches. These findings support a shift toward coordinated, multi-domain safety programs and equitable vehicle and infrastructure investments as the foundation for future transportation safety and Vision Zero efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICDPICR2 calculates abbreviated injury scale scores from diagnostic codes: limitations for traumatic brain injury epidemiology.","authors":"Joseph Piatt","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00677-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-026-00677-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many large data sets are limited in their usefulness for trauma epidemiology by a paucity of clinical data reflecting injury severity. Software packages have been developed for extrapolation of diagnostic codes to Injury Severity Scores commonly used in trauma research. The aim of this project was to evaluate one recently upgraded package, ICDPICR2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were taken from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) for 2022. The inclusion criterion was an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) head score of 1 or greater. The ICDPICR2 package in R was used to calculate AIS body region scores and Injury Severity Scores (ISS) from the diagnostic codes in TQIP. Performance of actual and mapped scores in common epidemiological applications were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 337,148 files with valid AIS head scores and known hospital discharge status. Cohen's kappa statistics for AIS head scores and binned ISS were only fair at 0.310 and 0.280, respectively. Beyond an ISS of 15, mapped ISS underestimated actual ISS. Mapped AIS head scores and ISS had low sensitivity in identification of severe injuries, 54% and 23%, respectively. Discrimination of withdrawal of care, hospital morality and home discharge was poorer for mapped scores than for actual, and models of length of stay based on mapped scores had worse fit. Mapped scores yielded very different parameter estimates from actual scores in illustrative regression models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limitations of the reliability of ICDPICR2 in administrative data sets must be anticipated. Parameter estimates from regression models constructed from mapped scores are not a reliable basis for hypothesis testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical health policy advocacy and suicide prevention: the San Diego-Coronado bridge case.","authors":"John R Austin, Joy H Song, Laura N Haines, Allison E Berndtson, Jessica L Weaver, Jarrett E Santorelli, Jeanne G Lee, Leslie M Kobayashi, Laura M Adams, Alan Smith, Jay J Doucet, Amy E Liepert","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00671-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-026-00671-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 1969 San Diego-Coronado Bridge (SDC bridge) has been the site of more than 473 suicides by jumping. In 2019, a \"bird spike\" barrier was installed along road edge walls as a suicide deterrent. We hypothesize that current anti-suicide measures have been ineffective in reducing the annual suicide-by-jumping rate at the SDC bridge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical examiner and UCSD trauma registries were reviewed for suicide and attempted suicide following jumping from the SDC bridge from January 1997 to August 2024. The data collected included demographics, the injury severity score (ISS), toxicology, and the home area deprivation index (ADI). The suicide rates for the SDC bridge compared with those for the entire county from 1997 to 2018 and 2019 to 2024, before and after the installation of the \"bird spike\" barrier, were analyzed via Poisson rate tests and difference-in-differences regression. Potential years of life lost (PYLL) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 10,411 suicide deaths in San Diego County and 298 people who jumped from the SDC bridge from January 1997 through August 2024. Among these bridge jumps, 272 (91.2%) resulted in death after jumping from the SDC bridge (8 at the hospital; 264 at the scene), whereas 26 survivors (8.7%) were recorded. The ISS of survivors was significantly lower than that of those who died (18 ± 10 vs. 42 ± 7, p < 0.001). The rate of bridge suicide attempts remained unchanged before and after the deterrent bird spike was installed (pre: 227 over 22 years, post: 71 over 6 years, p = 0.32). DiD analysis revealed no difference between SDC bridge suicides and county jump-from-height suicides (DiD Coeff. <0.0001, p = 0.973).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A costly project to install a bird spike suicide barrier on the SDC bridge did not decrease the number of bridge suicides. A fence-style physical barrier supported by surgeon-led advocacy could be highly cost-effective. Ongoing advocacy efforts by trauma surgeons and their allies with policymakers are making progress toward implementing effective preventative measures to reduce SDC bridge suicides.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>Prognostic and Epidemiological, Case Control Study without Negative Criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an intervention to incentivize secure firearm storage among veterans at risk for suicide.","authors":"Gabriela Kattan Khazanov, Gillian Geffen, James McKay, Joseph Simonetti, Ronell Day, Taylor Sczymecki, Samantha Silverman, Gala True","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00674-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-026-00674-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firearm injuries account for 74% of veteran suicides. During lethal means counseling (LMC), clinicians discuss with patients their access to lethal means like firearms and collaboratively develop a plan to reduce this access. However, many patients do not go on to change their firearm storage practices. While financial and social incentives motivate health behavior change, they have not been leveraged to promote secure firearm storage. We used community-engaged methods to develop an intervention offering incentives to encourage secure firearm storage among veterans at elevated risk for suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted qualitative interviews with 20 veteran firearm owners with recent suicidal ideation (equally split among the Philadelphia and New Orleans regions and among rural and urban-residing veterans) and 10 VA clinicians and administrators with expertise in veteran suicide prevention. We also convened an advisory board with veteran firearm owners and VA clinicians/administrators. Interviews were analyzed using rapid qualitative methods and findings were presented to the advisory board, which employed online modified Delphi procedures to reach consensus on the final intervention features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Veterans and clinicians were enthusiastic about the potential for incentives to promote secure firearm storage. The final intervention will include two monetary and one social incentive. First, $50 will be offered to veterans who attend a follow-up session to update the clinician about their secure storage plan and a bonus $50 will be offered to veterans who provide verification of secure firearm storage (e.g., a picture or receipt from a recently purchased locking device). The social incentive will include written testimonials from veterans who chose to store their firearms more securely in the context of suicide risk. Incentives will be offered for any meaningful increase in veterans' secure storage practices using a person-centered framework (e.g., using a locking device, storing an unloaded firearm out of reach).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using a collaborative and iterative approach, stakeholders developed an intervention leveraging financial and social incentives to encourage secure firearm storage. Study findings have implications for LMC more broadly, including development of acceptable methods of verifying secure firearm storage and identifying ongoing monitoring of firearm storage as key to improving outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leisure-related injuries in children and adolescents: a generational comparison of 20 years in a level 1 pediatric trauma center.","authors":"Britta Chocholka, Iryna Yegorova, Antonia Schwarz, Lara Marie Bogensperger, Vanessa Groß, Stephan Payr, Manuela Jaindl","doi":"10.1186/s40621-026-00672-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-026-00672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Behavioral studies show changes and an overall decline in physical activity and general health literacy among children and adolescents. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the incidence and distribution of leisure-time-related injuries among children and adolescents aged 0-17 years, examining two distinct time periods: 2000-2004 and 2015-2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 27,761 children and adolescents who received treatment at our Level-1-Trauma Department due to leisure-time associated activities that occurred between 2000 and 2004 and 2015-2019. Data were stratified by age group, injury type, and anatomical region of injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of patients with leisure-related injuries among all injuries per period was significantly lower in the years 2015-2019 (total: 55,971 patients) than in the 2000-2004 period (total: 46,172 patients) (22%; 12,540/55,971 vs. 33%; 15,221/46,173; p < 0.001). Over the past twenty years, adolescents (11-17 years) revealed significantly fewer injuries (63.4%; 9651/15221 in 2000-2004 vs. 50.8%; 6367/12540 in 2015-2019; p < 0.001) while children up to the age of 5 represented an increasingly vulnerable age group (13%; 1975/15221 in 2000-2004 vs. 22.1%; 2771/12540 in 2015-2019; p < 0.001). In both time frames, majority of patients were male. Most common injuries were limb injuries, although age-dependent variations were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings reveal substantial shifts in pediatric injury patterns and a significant decrease of leisure time injuries in children and adolescents in the investigated time period of 20 years. These trends are indicative of changes in physical activity behaviors and evolving recreational preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}