Injury Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Increasing a hospital-based violence intervention program's referrals for children and families in a pediatric emergency department.","authors":"Narmeen I Khan, Sri S Chinta, Brooke M Cheaton, Mark Nimmer, Michael N Levas","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00578-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00578-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our pediatric tertiary care hospital sees a high rate of firearm injuries. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) reduce violent injury recidivism rates in victims. However, significant gaps exist in the delivery of trauma-informed services to families. Our specific aim was to increase our HVIP referral rate by 20% over a 12-month time frame for children seen for interpersonal violence in the emergency department (ED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our quality improvement study was done at a pediatric tertiary care hospital and encompassed patients 0 to 18 years of age who presented to our ED for assault-related concerns from December 26, 2021 to June 23, 2024. The primary outcome measure was percentage of HVIP-eligible patients who received a referral from the ED. We conducted a root cause analysis by interviewing stakeholders including HVIP staff, ED providers, nurses, and social workers to understand gaps in the referral process. Key drivers included electronic medical record (EMR) trigger tools for referral placement, accessibility of HVIP staff, and staff knowledge of HVIP eligibility and services. We integrated three main EMR-based interventions on June 15, 2023 that triggered referrals to the HVIP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our ED HVIP referral rate during the pre-intervention period (December 26, 2021 to June 15, 2023) was 53.6%. During our post-intervention phase (June 15, 2023 to June 23, 2024), the referral rate reached and sustained at 93.5%, a 74.4% increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified a large percentage of missed HVIP-eligible referrals and developed interventions that significantly increased our referral rate. However, this did not translate into increased enrollment, indicating the need for additional efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redlining, reinvestment, and racial segregation: a bayesian spatial analysis of mortgage lending trajectories and firearm-related violence.","authors":"Gia Barboza-Salerno, Brittany Liebhard, Sharefa Duhaney, Taylor Harrington","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00579-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00579-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the United States, firearm-related violence disproportionately impacts low-income, racially segregated communities more than affluent, predominantly White neighborhoods. This trend stems from historical disinvestment, discriminatory lending practices, and persistent structural inequalities. Housing policies have enforced racial segregation, limiting wealth accumulation in low-income communities. This study examines the relationship between historical and contemporary lending discrimination in mortgage originations and firearm-related violence in Chicago, Illinois. By analyzing investment and disinvestment patterns, we assess how housing discrimination continues to influence the risk of victimization in various social contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Redlining scores were derived from the 1930s Homeowners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) grades, while contemporary lending indicators were obtained from the 2019 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). We classified neighborhoods into four lending trajectories-sustained disinvestment, disinvestment, growing investment, and high investment-based on historical redlining and contemporary mortgage lending patterns. Sustained disinvestment reflects historical redlining and ongoing lending discrimination, while growing investment targets areas that were historically redlined but are now experiencing increased lending activity. Bayesian spatial models examined firearm-related homicide risk across lending trajectories, adjusting for area deprivation index (ADI) and racial segregation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In unadjusted models, sustained disinvestment (Relative Risk [RR] = 2.230, 95% CrI: [1.352, 3.681]) was associated with increased firearm-related homicide risk, while growing investment (RR = 0.782, 95% CrI: [0.452, 1.359]) and high investment (RR = 0.146, 95% CrI: [0.054, 0.397]) were associated with lower risk. After adjusting for ADI and racial segregation, the effect of sustained disinvestment attenuated (RR = 1.714, 95% CrI: [1.054, 2.791]), suggesting partial mediation. However, growing investment increased by 155% (RR = 1.987, 95% CrI: [1.144, 3.458]), indicating suppression, indicating that ADI and segregation initially masked its association with firearm homicide risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the need for policies that address the long-term effects of lending discrimination. Reverse redlining-where financial institutions target minority communities with high-cost loans-further exacerbates existing inequities. Additionally, neighborhood deprivation and segregation shape firearm-related violence risk, underscoring the broader consequences of systemic housing discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring spatial dynamics of trauma and substance use among suicide deaths in the United States (2017-2021).","authors":"Bianca D Smith, Kechna Cadet, Terrinieka W Powell","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00574-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00574-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide remains a significant cause of death in the United States. Traumatic events, such as experiences of violence, financial loss, and mental illness, significantly increase an individual's risk of suicide. Substance use, often used as a coping mechanism for trauma, frequently occurs alongside these events. Geographic patterns of trauma and substance use may reveal underlying factors that contribute to suicide rates across the nation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), collected between 2017 and 2021, was used to examine spatial relationships between traumatic events and substance use among suicides. Spatial autocorrelation was used to assess global spatial dependence of traumatic events among suicide deaths. Additionally, hot spot analyses were conducted to pinpoint regions with significantly elevated or reduced experiences of trauma. Colocation analyses were conducted to identify areas where traumatic events and substance use co-occur spatially.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Traumatic events among suicides exhibited geographic clustering. Spatial clusters of traumatic events were identified in specific regions across the U.S. and its territories. Hot spots were predominantly observed in Western and Midwestern areas, while more cold spots were found in Southern regions. Additionally, colocation analysis revealed that Midwestern counties had a higher likelihood of experiencing traumatic events in conjunction with substance use history among suicide decedents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clustering patterns may provide insight on underlying mechanisms that have significant impacts on suicide outcomes. The colocation analysis helps reveal patterns of spatial clustering, shedding light on potential risk factors or shared characteristics in those areas. By examining both global and local spatial patterns, researchers gain insights into the distribution of trauma and substance use-related incidents and their association with suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of child access prevention laws on adolescent suicide: a negative control approach.","authors":"Sean MacAllister, Matthew Miller, Sonja Swanson","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00577-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00577-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent publications on Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws suggest substantial protective effects on adolescent firearm suicide. However, these studies have also found comparable protective effect estimates on adolescent non-firearm suicide and adult firearm suicide, which may indicate residual confounding. Here we apply bias analysis techniques to assess the effects of CAP laws while accounting for potential unmeasured sources of bias using a negative control approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using established bias formulas, we bias-adjust previously published point estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) assuming that an arbitrary confounder biases all suicide-related effect estimates and that adolescent non-firearm suicide and adult firearm suicide are negative controls. Negative controls are outcomes or populations that prior subject matter suggests should not be meaningfully affected by the exposure and can be used to better understand and sometimes account for bias in the primary exposure-outcome relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After bias adjustments, effect estimates were attenuated, with many of the confidence intervals including the null. Assuming that adolescent non-firearm suicide is a negative control outcome and taking a published point estimate as the bias parameter, the bias-adjusted effect estimate for adolescent firearm suicide decreased from an incidence rate ratio of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) to 0.95 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.07). When adult firearm suicide was used as the negative control, the bias-adjusted estimate was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that CAP laws may have had a smaller public health impact on adolescent suicide than previously estimated. Given the strong evidence that reducing access to firearms can prevent suicide deaths, and that secure storage helps reduce access for many children, our findings underscore the need to continue to identify and promote effective ways to motivate adults to make household firearms inaccessible to children.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding knowledge and approval for sociopolitical groups: results from the 2023 National Survey of Gun Policy.","authors":"Rebecca Valek, Julie A Ward, Vanya Jones, Tim Carey, Cassandra K Crifasi","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00575-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-025-00575-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased concerns of political violence in the US have drawn attention to sociopolitical movements across the political spectrum. The 2023 National Survey of Gun Policy sought to characterize approval of these movements and whether gun ownership was associated with this approval.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Survey of Gun Policy was fielded from 1/4/23 - 2/6/23 among a nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 3,096), including gun owners (n = 1,002). Respondents rated their level of approval for the militia, antifascist (Antifa), white supremacy, Christian nationalist, boogaloo, and anarchist movements. Logistic regression was used to compare differences in movement approval by gun ownership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approval of each movement was relatively low, ranging from 4% for the boogaloo movement to 13% for the Christian nationalist movement. Proportions of respondents that reported lacking knowledge was highest for the boogaloo movement (64%) and lowest for the white supremacy movement (17%); these two movements had similar proportions of approval (4% and 5%, respectively). Significantly larger proportions of gun owners reported both knowledge and approval of any of the six movements compared to non-gun owners, but differences in approval by gun ownership were no longer significant when only comparing those with knowledge of the movements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results indicate low probabilities of knowledge and approval. Moreover, greater knowledge was not accompanied by greater approval (e.g., white supremacy). Gun ownership was associated with movement knowledge, but not with movement approval among those with knowledge. These findings suggest opportunities for more proactive public health messaging to appeal to majority groups to resist movements that may sow division.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11984245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric firearm deaths persist in 2022 and 2023.","authors":"Rafael Klein-Cloud, Bailey Roberts, Emma Cornell, Colleen Nofi, Chethan Sathya","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00571-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-025-00571-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firearms became the leading cause of death in the United States pediatric population in 2019 and have persisted as the leading cause through 2021, with widening racial and ethnic disparities. We aimed to examine recent trends in U.S pediatric firearm mortality, how they differ by intent, and identify which ages, and racial and ethnic groups have been most impacted over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was queried for mortalities in children aged 0-19 years from 2014-2023, and crude death rate was reported as number of deaths per 100,000 persons per year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Firearms continued to be the leading cause of death in patients aged 0-19 years from 2021 to 2023, firearm crude death rate decreased from 5.8 to 5.5. In patients aged 14-19, firearms became the leading cause of death in 2016. In patients aged 0-13 years, firearms continue to be the fourth leading cause of death. Firearm death rates for Black children decreased from 18.6 in 2022 to 17.6 in 2023 yet remained far higher than other races, and highest in all census regions. Crude firearm death rates for American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN) children remained the second highest. The firearm suicide rate in Black children (1.8) surpassed that of White children (1.6) in 2022 and was the highest of any ethnicity in 2023. NonCore (rural) regions had the highest firearm crude death rates in 2018-19, and AIAN children were disproportionately affected in these areas, while Large Central Metro areas surpassed this in 2020-2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Firearms remain the leading cause of death among children aged 14-19, and the fourth leading cause of death among children 13 and younger. Racial and ethnic disparities remain prominent, as Black and American Indian and Alaskan Native children continue to be disproportionately affected, particularly by firearm suicide. Prevention strategies should target these vulnerable populations and children at highest risk to prevent future firearm deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial de-concentration of fatal and nonfatal firearm violence in Boston, MA, 2007-2021.","authors":"Faizah Shareef, Emma L Gause, Suzanne McLone, Erika Gebo, Jonathan Jay","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00572-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-025-00572-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is a \"law\" of criminology that urban crime chronically recurs at the same microplaces (i.e., street segments and intersections). An influential study found high concentrations of firearm violence at microplaces in Boston, MA, from 1980 to 2008. The current study assessed whether this strong spatial concentration has persisted.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Fatal and nonfatal shooting incidents with one or more victims from January 2007 through September 2021 were included, obtained from the Boston Police Department. We matched shootings to the closest microplaces, i.e., intersections and street segments in Boston (n = 32,267). We operationalized spatial concentration as the probability of shootings occurring at the same microplace. We employed a case-only design, with shootings as the units of analysis; the outcome of interest was a binary indicator for whether another shooting in the dataset occurred at the same microplace in the past or future. We used log-linear regression to estimate this outcome as a function of study year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Annual shootings decreased over the study period, except for a spike in 2020. Spatial concentration of shootings declined from 62% in 2007 to 55% in 2021. We estimated that spatial concentration declined by an average of 1.8% per year [95% CI (-1.1, -3.4), p < 0.001].</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>This declining trend in the spatial concentration of firearm violence has important implications for place-based interventions and underscores the need to monitor this trend over time. Social media, which reshapes social interactions and is linked to community violence, warrants further study as a potential cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecticut providers knowledge and attitudes towards use of extreme risk protection orders.","authors":"Nishant Pandya, James Dodington, Joshua Jacob, Sarah Raskin","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00565-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-025-00565-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs) are a legislative tool that temporarily restrict firearm access and purchasing ability in patients at risk for harm. Data from four states with ERPO legislation, including Connecticut, estimates 17 to 23 filed ERPOs can prevent 1 suicide. Connecticut medical providers are permitted to independently file an ERPO directly to the courthouse. This survey assesses provider knowledge and attitudes towards use of ERPOs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study electronically surveyed providers from six hospitals regarding their current knowledge of the Connecticut ERPO law, perceived barriers to the use of the law and procedures that might make use more likely.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>114 providers completed the survey in 2022. 66 (57.8%) providers encountered at least 1 patient per year at risk for suicide with firearm access. Only 2 (1.7%) providers had ever initiated an ERPO, but both found it extremely helpful. Only 1 provider was extremely familiar with ERPO while 91 (78.9%) were not familiar. Barriers to using ERPO include negatively impacting the patient relationship, and not enough time to call and follow up. ERPO specific training, and trained on-site coordinators to help file and follow through were ways to encourage to ERPO utilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of providers encounter at least one patient annually who may benefit from ERPO utilization. However, providers are largely unfamiliar with ERPO and the filing process. Time cost is the greatest barrier to its utilization. Provider training and trained coordinators to process ERPO were the two most requested supports to encourage providers to initiate ERPOs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The design and implementation of an innovative indicated suicide prevention service in Melbourne.","authors":"Anton N Isaacs, Caroline Le Brun, Vaidy Swaminathan","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00567-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-025-00567-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide prevention strategies are targeted at three levels: the general population (Universal), persons at risk (Selected), and persons who have attempted suicide or have suicidal ideation (Indicated). This study describes the implementation of an innovative indicated suicide prevention service that prioritizes peer and psychosocial support at one of Australia's largest mental health services. The purpose of this paper is threefold. (1) To describe the process of designing and implementing an innovative indicated suicide prevention service in Melbourne (2) To compare the implementation framework developed around it with other relevant frameworks and (3) To describe its stages of care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the activities undertaken by the 'project champion' in designing and implementing Clayton HOPE, a pragmatic framework of implementation (PFI) was developed. The PFI included six steps. 1: Determine client needs; 2: Plan the model of care; 3: Determine the workforce and other resource requirements to achieve client needs; 4: Establish the workforce and finalize the team; 5: Facilitate stakeholder buy-in and 6: Regular monitoring and evaluation. The steps of the PFI, fit within the Quality Implementation Framework, albeit in a different sequence, owing to variations in settings, organizational circumstances, and readiness for change. The PFI also enhances the Levels of Change model by including additional requirements. A five-stage model of care was developed and implemented. They are 1: Early engagement and empathetic support (within 24 h of referral); 2: Assessment of psychosocial needs and suicidal risk (within 72 h of referral) 3: Construction of a personal safety plan (within 7 days of referral) 4: Implementation of the personal safety plan and risk management (week 2 - week12) and 5: Discharge and handover to ongoing supports (12 weeks from enrollment).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main implications of this work are twofold: (1) The implementation of innovative models of care can be achieved by a 'project champion' with the relevant experience, authority and determination when funding is available and (2) Indicated suicide prevention models of care can strike a balance between clinical and non-clinical interventions that are tailored to client needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survivor perspectives on research priorities for assessing mental health outcomes after school shootings: a qualitative study.","authors":"Camerin A Rencken, Kelsey Conrick, Isaac C Rhew, Carol A Davis, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar","doi":"10.1186/s40621-025-00570-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40621-025-00570-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firearm violence is a major public health problem and the leading cause of death among children and youth aged one to nineteen in the United States (US). School shootings, though a relatively rare form of firearm violence in the US, have been occurring with increasing frequency, exposing more than 380,000 students to such events since 1999. This study engaged school shooting survivors to identify key research areas regarding their mental health, aiming to enhance the relevance and impact of future research for this community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants for individual and group interviews were recruited from survivor support groups and through snowball sampling between May and August 2024. The interview guide, based on a recent scoping review highlighting gaps in research on the mental health impacts of school shootings, facilitated discussions on participants' experiences, needs, and research priorities. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Thirteen individuals participated (median age: 40 years; range: 18-47), including 11 former student survivors, one parent of a survivor, and one sibling of a victim. These participants represented ten school shootings from 1997 to 2022 across eight US states including Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Oregon, Tennessee, and Washington. Eight participants experienced a mass school shooting (four or more fatalities excluding the perpetrator).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified three key research priorities: (1) understanding the long-term mental health impacts of school shootings across the life course, (2) expanding research to include broader outcomes beyond traditional mental health metrics, and (3) diversifying research approaches, study designs, and study populations to better capture the varied experiences of survivors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need for researchers to explore a wider range of outcomes, communities, and timeframes when studying the mental health impacts of school shootings. Such investigations are essential for understanding the complex and unique aspects of recovery and resilience among survivors. Centering survivor perspectives enhances our understanding of ongoing challenges facing survivors of school shootings, which should be prioritized in designing and evaluating interventions and policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37379,"journal":{"name":"Injury Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}