{"title":"NF9 peptide specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone cross react to Y453F mutation of SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein.","authors":"Aiko Murai, Terufumi Kubo, Takayuki Ohkuri, Junko Yanagawa, Yuki Yajima, Akemi Kosaka, Dongliang Li, Toshihiro Nagato, Kenji Murata, Takayuki Kanaseki, Tomohide Tsukahara, Takeshi Nagasaki, Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Hiroya Kobayashi, Toshihiko Torigoe","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2304363","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2304363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recognition by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) is essential for the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells. Several viral proteins have been described to be recognized by CTLs. Among them, the spike (S) protein is one of the immunogenic proteins. The S protein acts as a ligand for its receptors, and several mutants with different affinities for its cognate receptors have been reported, and certain mutations in the S protein, such as L452R and Y453F, have been found to inhibit the HLA-A24-restricted CTL response. In this study, we conducted a screening of candidate peptides derived from the S protein, specifically targeting those carrying the HLA-A24 binding motif. Among these peptides, we discovered that NF9 (NYNYLYRLF) represents an immunogenic epitope. CTL clones specific to the NF9 peptide were successfully established. These CTL clones exhibited the ability to recognize endogenously expressed NF9 peptide. Interestingly, the CTL clone demonstrated cross-reactivity with the Y453F peptide (NYNYLFRLF) but not with the L452R peptide (NYNYRYRLF). The CTL clone was able to identify the endogenously expressed Y453F mutant peptide. These findings imply that the NF9-specific CTL clone possesses the capability to recognize and respond to the Y453F mutant peptide.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil for steroid reduction in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ritsu Akatani, Norio Chihara, Shusuke Koto, Sotaro Mori, Takuji Kurimoto, Makoto Nakamura, Hisatsugu Tachibana, Yoshihisa Otsuka, Takehiro Ueda, Takashi Omori, Kenji Sekiguchi, Riki Matsumoto","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2304364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2304364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease that can affect multiple generations and cause complications with long-term prednisolone treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in preventing NMOSD relapse while reducing prednisolone dosage. The trial involved nine patients with NMOSD who received MMF along with prednisolone dose reduction. MMF was effective in achieving prednisolone dose reduction without relapse in 77.8% of patients, with a significant decrease in mean annualized relapse rate. All adverse events were mild. The findings suggest that MMF could be a viable treatment option for middle-aged and older patients who require steroid reduction.<b>Clinical trial registration number:</b> jRCT, jRCTs051180080. Registered February 27th, 2019-retrospectively registered, https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs051180080.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synovial-tissue resident macrophages play proinflammatory functions in the pathogenesis of RA while maintaining the phenotypes in the steady state.","authors":"Kazuhiro Kai, Hisakata Yamada, Ryosuke Tsurui, Koji Sakuraba, Kenjiro Fujimura, Shinya Kawahara, Yukio Akasaki, Hidetoshi Tsushima, Toshifumi Fujiwara, Daisuke Hara, Jun-Ichi Fukushi, Shinichiro Sawa, Yasuharu Nakashima","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2023.2300853","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2023.2300853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synovial tissue-resident macrophages (STRMs) maintain normal joint homeostasis in a steady state. However, it is unclear whether STRMs still play homeostatic roles or change the functions in the joint of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where infiltrating peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PBMoMs) play proinflammatory roles. In the present study, we examined changes in the phenotypes and functions of STRMs in response to RA-related stimuli <i>in vitro</i>. STRMs were prepared from non-inflammatory osteoarthritis (OA) joint synovium, which is histologically indistinguishable from normal joint synovium. PBMoMs were prepared and used for comparison. After stimulation with plate-bound IgG, which mimics anti-citrullinated protein antibody immunocomplex formed in RA joints, or with combinations of RA-related inflammatory mediators, namely tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 or interferon-γ, PBMoMs downregulated surface markers and genes associated with anti-inflammatory macrophages, and upregulated cytokine and marker genes of proinflammatory macrophages in RA. On the other hand, STRMs hardly changed the expression of surface molecules and marker genes but altered the pattern of cytokine gene expression after stimulation like PBMoMs. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> stimulated STRMs promote proinflammatory functions of cocultured synovial fibroblasts. Thus, STRMs might play proinflammatory roles in RA joints, while maintaining their phenotypes in the steady state.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk of disease flares after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Jun Kikuchi, Yasushi Kondo, Shuichiro Kojima, Shiho Kasai, Yuma Sakai, Masaru Takeshita, Kazuoto Hiramoto, Shuntaro Saito, Hiroyuki Fukui, Hironari Hanaoka, Katsuya Suzuki, Yuko Kaneko","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2023.2300163","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2023.2300163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to elucidate the effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We enrolled uninfected SLE patients who received two vaccine doses (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) and historical unvaccinated patients. Neutralizing antibodies, adverse reactions, and disease flares were evaluated 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Ninety patients were enrolled in each group. Among the vaccinated patients, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and prednisolone doses before vaccination were 2, and 5 mg/d, respectively. After the second vaccination, 19 (21.1%) had no neutralizing antibodies. Adverse reactions occurred in 88.9% within 3 d. Negative antibodies were associated with anemia and mycophenolate mofetil administration. SLEDAI increased modestly but significantly after vaccination, with 13 (14.4%) experiencing flares and 4 (4.4%) severe flares (nephritis in three and vasculitis in one). The flare rate was higher in vaccinated patients than unvaccinated controls. The mean duration between the second vaccination and flares was 35 d, and flares occurred at least 8 days after vaccination. Multivariable analysis showed that high SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA antibodies were associated with flares. The vaccine type, neutralizing antibody titer, and adverse reaction frequency did not affect flares. Therefore, residual disease activity before vaccination increases flare risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunological MedicinePub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2024.2306672
Yoji Uejima, Satoshi Sato
{"title":"Prophylactic immunoglobulin therapy for pediatric congenital myotonic dystrophy.","authors":"Yoji Uejima, Satoshi Sato","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2306672","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2306672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy (CMD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by mutations in the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene. Patients with CMD often exhibit low immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels. While Ig replacement therapy for low IgG levels has been reported in several adult cases, there have been no reports on pediatric patients. This study presents a first pediatric case where Ig replacement therapy effectively eliminated susceptibility to infections. The CMD patient, a 1-year-old Japanese female with a history of premature birth and necrotizing enterocolitis, developed recurrent severe bacterial infections due to hypogammaglobulinemia. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (600 mg/kg/month) was administered but failed to maintain sufficient serum trough IgG levels. The dosage was increased to 2 g/kg/month, and later, the treatment shifted to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG), resulting in a stable serum trough IgG level above 700 mg/dL for one year. The cause of hypogammaglobulinemia in CMD patients remains unclear, but potential mechanisms, including IgG-mediated hypercatabolism by alterations in the neonatal Fc receptor, have been considered. Genetic testing ruled out common variable immunodeficiency, and other potential causes were excluded. The study suggests that higher doses of IVIG or SCIG can effectively prevent severe infections associated with CMD-induced hypogammaglobulinemia in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"C5a stimulation induces caspase-1 activation and mature IL-1β production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.","authors":"Yuya Fujita, Haruki Matsumoto, Kenji Inada, Michio Onizawa, Kenji Saito, Yuya Sumichika, Shuhei Yoshida, Jumpei Temmoku, Naoki Matsuoka, Tomoyuki Asano, Shuzo Sato, Takeshi Machida, Kiyoshi Migita","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2023.2292665","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2023.2292665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complement component C5a contributes to the recruitment of immune cells to inflamed tissues and local inflammation. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β is also related to inflammatory disorders through inflammasome activation. However, the association between inflammasome activation and C5a is unclear. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with C5a and measured for IL-1β secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pro-IL-1β expression in cell lysates was also examined by Western blot analysis. Similarly, magnetic bead-isolated CD14<sup>+</sup> monocyte-depleted and lymphocyte-depleted PBMCs were stimulated with C5a, and immunoblot analysis was performed using an anti-cleaved-IL-1β (p17) antibody. FACS was performed to detect caspase-1-activated cells. C5a-stimulated PBMCs produced IL-1β in C5a concentration-dependent manner. The protein levels of pro-IL-1β in the cell lysates were significantly increased. Furthermore, the cleaved-IL-1β (p17) was faintly detected in the same lysates. Active caspase-1 was demonstrated in C5a-simulated CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes by FACS. Cleaved-IL-1β (p17) was demonstrated in the supernatant of C5a-stimulated PBMCs. Lymphocyte-depleted PBMCs stimulated with C5a but monocyte-depleted PBMCs produced cleaved-IL-1β (p17). C5a induced the production of mature IL-1β in PBMCs. The IL-1β production is mediated mainly by caspase-1 activation in CD14<sup>+</sup> monocytes. These results suggest that C5a alone potentiates mature IL-1β production mainly in monocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayumi Matsuda, Yu Funakubo Asanuma, Kyohei Emoto, Sakon Sakai, Nobuhito Okumura, H. Yazawa, Takashi Maruyama, Takuma Tsuzuki Wada, K. Yokota, Yasuto Araki, Yuji Akiyama, T. Mimura
{"title":"New-onset of rheumatic diseases following COVID-19 vaccination: the report of three cases and a literature review.","authors":"Mayumi Matsuda, Yu Funakubo Asanuma, Kyohei Emoto, Sakon Sakai, Nobuhito Okumura, H. Yazawa, Takashi Maruyama, Takuma Tsuzuki Wada, K. Yokota, Yasuto Araki, Yuji Akiyama, T. Mimura","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2339542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2339542","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been distributed in most countries for the prevention of onset and aggravation of COVID-19. Recently, there have been increasing numbers of reports on new-onset autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases following COVID-19 vaccination, however, only little information is available on the long-term safety of these vaccines. Here, we experienced three cases of new-onset rheumatic diseases following COVID-19 vaccination, one case each of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The symptom onset ranged from one day to a few days following vaccination. The patients of AAV and SLE were treated successfully with glucocorticoid therapy, and the patient of RA died due to COVID-19. In the literature review of new-onset rheumatic diseases following COVID-19 vaccination, which including seven cases of RA, 37 cases of AAV and 18 cases of SLE, the mean time from vaccination to onset was approximately 11 to 12 days. Most cases improved with glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive drugs and biologic agents. Although such adverse effects are rare, and vaccines are useful in prevent onset and severity of infections, continued accumulation of similar cases is important in terms of examining the long-term safety and understanding pathogenic mechanism of rheumatic diseases.","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fetal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: an intertwined case.","authors":"Yusuke Ueda, Tomoyuki Sakai, Kazunori Yamada, Kotaro Arita, Yoko Ishige, Daisuke Hoshi, Hiroto Yanagisawa, Haruka Iwao-Kawanami, Takafumi Kawanami, Shuichi Mizuta, Toshihiro Fukushima, Sohsuke Yamada, Akihiro Yachie, Y. Masaki","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2338594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2338594","url":null,"abstract":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been recognized as a rare adverse event following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. We report a case of neuropsychiatric symptoms and refractory HLH in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after receiving her COVID-19 vaccine treated with belimumab, later found to have intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) at autopsy. A 61-year-old woman with SLE was referred to our hospital because of impaired consciousness and fever. One month prior to consulting, she received her second COVID-19 vaccine dose. Afterward, her consciousness level decreased, and she developed a high fever. She tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Neuropsychiatric SLE was suspected; therefore, glucocorticoid pulse therapy was initiated on day 1 and 8. She had thrombocytopenia, increased serum ferritin levels and hemophagocytosis. The patient was diagnosed with HLH and treated with etoposide, dexamethasone and cyclosporine. Despite treatment, the patient died on day 75; autopsy report findings suggested IVLBCL as the underlying cause of HLH. Differentiating comorbid conditions remains difficult; however, in the case of an atypical clinical presentation, other causes should be considered. Therefore, we speculate that the COVID-19 vaccination and her autoimmune condition may have expedited IVLBCL development.","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140699981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of diagnostic criteria and new insights into clinical testing in mixed connective tissue disease; anti-survival motor neuron complex antibody as a novel marker of severity of the disease.","authors":"S. Kubo, Yoshiya Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2338593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2338593","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a combination of clinical features from systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and inflammatory muscle disease, along with the presence of positive anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein (U1-RNP) antibodies. The exact etiology of the disease remains unclear, but it is believed to involve vascular damage within the context of heightened autoimmune responses. Consequently, Raynaud's phenomenon and pulmonary arterial hypertension are observed in patients with MCTD. While specific biomarkers for MCTD have not yet been identified, the recent study of the utility of anti-survival motor neuron complex (SMN) antibodies in MCTD suggests a promising avenue for further research and the accumulation of additional evidence.","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successful high-dose glucocorticoid therapy for anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive myocarditis arising during tocilizumab and low-dose glucocorticoid therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Koji Suzuki, M. Akiyama, S. Saito, Yuko Kaneko","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2336689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2336689","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-positive myopathy, a recently identified condition with significant cardiac involvement, poses a serious challenge in treatment consensus due to its extreme rarity. While several studies demonstrate the efficacy of high-dose prednisolone in managing this disease, the current literature lacks substantial evidence regarding the effectiveness of biologic therapy or low-dose prednisolone for remission induction. Here, we present a case of AMA-positive myocarditis that emerged during rheumatoid arthritis treatment with tocilizumab (TCZ) and low-dose prednisolone (PSL). Successfully, intensive immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose PSL proved effective in stabilizing this condition. Our case highlights the necessity of a robust immunosuppressive approach, favoring high-dose PSL over the combination of low-dose PSL and TCZ in this disease.","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}