{"title":"Chronic kidney disease and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential pathogenic link.","authors":"Hironari Hanaoka, Takumi Aoki, Taiji Kosaka, Shoichi Yoshinaga, Akiko Shibata, Ryota Sakai, Takahiko Kurasawa, Koichi Amano","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2025.2460267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2025.2460267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence indicates an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with prevalence rates ranging from 20.8% to 24.5%. Risk factors for CKD among RA patients include advancing age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and RA disease activity. Medications such as glucocorticoids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also accelerate CKD progression. Inflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1, play significant roles in the pathogenesis of both RA and CKD, promoting systemic inflammation and renal impairment. Elevated levels of various cytokines have been detected in the plasma and urine of CKD patients, and they raise morbidity and mortality rates, even during early disease stages. Effective management of RA activity and modifications in treatment to reduce renal burden are essential for lowering CKD risk and improving patient outcomes. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), particularly those targeting IL-6 and TNF-α, show potential in mitigating CKD progression in RA patients. However, individualized treatment and careful kidney function monitoring are critical, as CKD may impact RA management. Future research should focus on therapeutic strategies that address inflammation in both RA and CKD to optimize patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging roles of checkpoint molecules on B cells.","authors":"Hiromitsu Asashima, Satoshi Akao, Isao Matsumoto","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2025.2454045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2025.2454045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint molecules, including both co-inhibitory molecules and co-stimulatory molecules, are known to play critical roles in regulating T-cell responses. During the last decades, immunotherapies targeting these molecules (such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3)) have provided clinical benefits in many cancers. It is becoming apparent that not only T cells, but also B cells have a capacity to express some checkpoint molecules. These were originally thought to be only the markers for regulatory B cells which produce IL-10, but recent studies suggest that these molecules (especially T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), and PD-1) can regulate intrinsic B-cell activation and functions. Here, we focus on these molecules and summarize their characteristics, ligands, and functions on B cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness for remission maintenance rate and safety of different rituximab regimens for treating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in Japan: a J-CANVAS study.","authors":"Chie Ogita, Kazuteru Noguchi, Jiro Takeuchi, Naoto Azuma, Satoshi Omura, Daiki Nakagomi, Yoshiyuki Abe, Masatoshi Kadoya, Naoho Takizawa, Atsushi Nomura, Yuji Kukida, Naoya Kondo, Yasuhiko Yamano, Takuya Yanagida, Koji Endo, Shintaro Hirata, Tohru Takeuchi, Kunihiro Ichinose, Masaru Kato, Ryo Yanai, Yusuke Matsuo, Yasuhiro Shimojima, Ryo Nishioka, Ryota Okazaki, Tomoaki Takata, Takafumi Ito, Mayuko Moriyama, Ayuko Takatani, Yoshia Miyawaki, Yutaka Kawahito, Toshiko Ito-Ihara, Takashi Kida, Nobuyuki Yajima, Takashi Kawaguchi, Kiyoshi Matsui","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2448912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2448912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rituximab (RTX) has been reported to effectively maintain remission in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). In this multicenter study involving 57 patients who achieved remission after 24 weeks, we evaluated the effectiveness of RTX in maintaining remission in patients with AAV. Patients were divided into three groups based on RTX administration: continuous, induction phase-only, and maintenance phase-only groups. The continuous group had a remission maintenance rate after 48 weeks of treatment compared with the induction phase-only group (100% vs. 88.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.29). More patients in the continuous group received three or more RTX doses during the induction period (82.4% vs. 52.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.06), and this group had a lower incidence of infection (5.9% vs. 29.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.08). Compared with the maintenance-only group, the continuous group had a numerically higher proportion of patients in remission after 48 weeks of treatment (100% vs. 83.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.26) and a lower incidence of infection (5.9% vs. 50%, <i>p</i> = 0.04); however, the N in the maintenance phase was small and suspected to have low power. Regardless of the method of RTX administration (induction phase-only or continuous), administering RTX during the induction phase may be crucial for achieving remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Additional benefits of belimumab in chronic phase of systemic lupus erythematosus and efficacy of tacrolimus combination therapy.","authors":"Satoshi Suzuki, Tomoya Otani, Keigo Ikeda, Naoto Tamura, Shinji Morimoto","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2447629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2447629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical autoimmune disease; although severe disease and refractoriness to existing therapies are still experienced, the number of cases resistant to remission induction has decreased with the establishment of various therapies. However, improving long-term prognosis remains a challenge due to the unavoidable prolonged use of non-selective glucocorticoids. To investigate the additional effect of belimumab in the chronic phase, we included 28 of 46 patients with SLE who were initiated on belimumab between January 2018 and October 2022 for glucocorticoid reduction. The efficacy of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in combination with belimumab was also compared. In the stable chronic phase, the combination with belimumab improved the SLE Disease Activity Index and reduced glucocorticoid requirement. The tacrolimus with belimumab group was not significantly inferior to the mycophenolate mofetil with belimumab group and was effective in treatment and glucocorticoid sparing including cases at all phases of SLE. To improve the long-term prognosis of SLE, it is crucial to introduce highly selective biological agents and reduce glucocorticoids whenever possible. Belimumab is effective with or without hydroxychloroquine and Tac was effective as concomitant drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel frameshift mutation in ADCK1 identified in a case of chronic fatigue syndrome successfully treated with oral 5-ALA/SFC.","authors":"Tomohiro Koga, Kiyoshi Kita, Junko Okumura, Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura, Atsushi Kawakami","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2445399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2445399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a complex disorder characterized by prolonged, unexplained fatigue and challenging diagnosis. We report the case of a 35-year-old Japanese woman with CFS who had experienced chronic fatigue since the age of 11 years. Despite treatment with modafinil, methylphenidate, levocarnitine, and ubiquinone, the symptoms persisted. Introduction of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid with sodium ferrous citrate (5-ALA/SFC) led to significant improvements in daily activities, mobility, and psychosocial functioning. Genetic analysis revealed a novel heterozygous frameshift deletion in <i>ADCK1</i> (p.Asn280fs), a gene related to mitochondrial function, which was confirmed using cDNA sequencing. <i>ADCK1</i> deficiency has been associated with developmental disabilities, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species levels, and apoptosis in Drosophila and muscle cells. This case supports the hypothesis that <i>ADCK1</i> mutations contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and CFS pathogenesis. The patient's significant clinical improvement with 5-ALA/SFC and ubiquinone suggests their potential for addressing mitochondrial dysfunction. Further functional and familial analyses are required to confirm the role of this heterozygous <i>ADCK1</i> mutation in CFS. This case highlights the importance of considering mitochondrial dysfunction in CFS, and the potential therapeutic benefits of 5-ALA/SFC and ubiquinone.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pyoderma gangrenosum arising at the site of BCG immunization in a nine-month-old girl.","authors":"Yuka Okura, Yasuyoshi Hiramatsu, Masaki Shimomura, Kota Taniguchi, Mitsuru Nawate, Yutaka Takahashi, Masahiro Ueki, Shunichiro Takezaki, Ichiro Kobayashi","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2445388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2445388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an extremely rare disorder in children. We report a nine-month-old girl with PG who presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive ulcers at the site of a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) inoculation 2 months after the immunization. Additional small pustules developed on her hand and posterior neck three months after the immunization and rapidly progressed. Cytokine profiling demonstrated elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-6 and IL-18, which is similar to adult cases. Genetic analysis identified heterozygous R202Q variant of the <i>MEFV</i> gene. All of her systemic and local symptoms responded to intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by prednisolone 2 mg/kg/day. There is no relapse of PG, to date, even after discontinuation of prednisolone. Atypical skin reactions after a BCG immunization could be an initial manifestation of infantile PG and need attention. Similarity of cytokine profile suggests common pathophysiology of infantile and adult PG.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of trained immunity for malignant disease.","authors":"Hiroyuki Takahashi, Daibo Kojima, Masato Watanabe","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2438426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2024.2438426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trained immunity (TI) is functional memory displayed by innate immune cells (IICs). TI facilitates rapid, non-specific responses to pathogens upon secondary challenge. It is driven by immunological signaling and metabolic rewriting <i>via</i> epigenetic alteration, triggered by recognition of certain stimuli. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have come into common use in clinical oncology settings, and genetically engineered cytotoxic T cells comprise a potent cancer treatment strategy. However, the contributions of TI in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are only beginning to be uncovered. Accumulating evidence that various microorganisms and vaccines convey tumoricidal ability suggest that TI may become a useful anti-cancer tool. The expected roles of TI in tumor therapy are the 1) promotion of proinflammatory cytokine section, 2) enhancement of phagocytosis, 3) quick expansion and recruitment of cancer-specific cytotoxic T cells to the TME through neoantigen presentation, 4) reversal of immunosuppression in the TME, and 5) removal of pathogens associated with carcinogenesis or tumor development. Medium- to long-term TI durability may reduce the risk of tumor development. Recent findings on TI usher in new aspirations for cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunological MedicinePub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2024.2370937
Yoji Uejima, Kenji Yoshida, Hirofumi Ohashi
{"title":"Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis associated with Kabuki syndrome.","authors":"Yoji Uejima, Kenji Yoshida, Hirofumi Ohashi","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2370937","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2370937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder caused by gene mutations in either lysine-specific methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) or lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A). This congenital disorder exhibits characteristic facial features, developmental delays in psychomotor skills, and skeletal abnormalities. Moreover, it is classified as a congenital immunodeficient disorder under the category of combined immunodeficiency, leading to hypogammaglobulinemia and the onset of autoimmune diseases. Here, we present the first case of KS complicated by idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). The KS patient, a 2-year-old Japanese girl with a history of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and recurrent bacterial infection, developed severe respiratory distress and anemia. She had autoimmune hemolytic anemia and gouty nephropathy. Hemophagocytic macrophages with hemosiderin ingestion were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, excluding differential diagnoses and leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Intravenous prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) was administered, but symptoms did not improve. However, pulmonary hemorrhage disappeared with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. IPH warrants consideration in cases where individuals with KS manifest idiopathic pneumonia and concurrent anemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"275-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low serum complements in idiopathic inflammatory myositis: clinical features and impact on the prognosis.","authors":"Shun Nomura, Yasuhiro Shimojima, Dai Kishida, Takanori Ichikawa, Akira Matsushima, Yoshiki Sekijima","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2370083","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2370083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the clinical features and prognostic relevance of decreased serum complement levels in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM). The clinical information of IIM patients with less than normal serum complement levels (L-Com) and that of those with normal serum complement levels (N-Com) was compared. In patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), regression analyses were used to investigate the implication of L-Com in their PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (P/F) ratio. Prognostic outcomes of ILD were evaluated using the log-rank test. Of 94 IIM patients, 26 with L-Com (median age, 56.0 years) and 68 with N-Com (56.5 years) were included. The prevalence of women was significantly higher in patients with L-Com (92.3%) than in those with N-Com (67.6%). ILD was observed in 17 (65.4%) patients with L-Com and in 46 (67.6%) with N-Com. Among patients with ILD, the P/F ratio was significantly lower in those with L-Com than in those with N-Com. Serum C3 levels were correlated with decreased P/F ratio. Inferior prognosis of ILD was significantly demonstrated in patients with L-Com, especially in those positive for anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody. L-Com may be implicated in reduced arterial oxygen levels and a poorer prognosis in patients with IIM-related ILD.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"238-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Double-filtration plasmapheresis reduces type I interferon bioavailability and inducing activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Takumi Saito, Ryo Takatsuji, Goh Murayama, Yu Yamaji, Yukitomo Hagiwara, Yujin Nishioka, Taiga Kuga, Tomoko Miyashita, Makio Kusaoi, Naoto Tamura, Ken Yamaji","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2372918","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25785826.2024.2372918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type I interferons (IFN-Is) play a significant role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. Double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) is a treatment option for SLE; however, its effect on IFN-Is remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DFPP on IFN-Is. Plasma from patients with SLE (<i>n</i> = 11) who regularly underwent DFPP was analysed using a cell-based reporter system to detect the bioavailability and inducing activity of IFN-I. The concentration of plasma dsDNA was measured, and western blotting analysis was used to assess the phosphorylation of the STING pathway. A higher IFN-I bioavailability and inducing activity were observed in patients compared to healthy controls, and both parameters decreased after DFPP. The reduction in IFN-I-inducing activity was particularly prominent in patients with high disease activity. Notably, this reduction was not observed in STING-knockout reporter cells. Additionally, plasma dsDNA levels decreased after DFPP treatment, suggesting that inhibition of the STING pathway was responsible for the observed decrease in activity. Western blotting analysis revealed suppression of STING pathway phosphorylation after DFPP. DFPP reduced IFN-I bioavailability and the inducing activity of plasma. This reduction is likely attributable to the inhibition of the STING pathway through the elimination of dsDNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"264-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}