Immunological MedicinePub Date : 2022-03-01Epub Date: 2021-05-25DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1914962
Norihiro Nagamura, Toshihiro Imada
{"title":"Anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody related disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis with pathological features of immunoglobulin G4-related disease.","authors":"Norihiro Nagamura, Toshihiro Imada","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1914962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1914962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 72-year-old man who was diagnosed as pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease had suffered from antibiotics resistant fever with left renal enlargement surrounded by inflammatory change and multiple osteolytic lesions on computed tomography (CT). The renal biopsied samples pathologically showed immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) positive plasma cell infiltration and many acid-fast bacilli without granuloma formation. Nucleic acid identification test for MAC from the samples of vertebral osteolytic lesion was positive. In the autopsy samples from left kidney, epithelioid cell granuloma and Langhans giant cell with many acid-fast bacilli were shown pathologically. In addition to osteolytic lesions on CT study, these pathological findings were not consistent with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). The diagnosis of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis was made, and plasma anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibody was found as the cause of underlying immunodeficiency. Disturbed function of IFN-γ resulted in impaired ability of phagocytic cells against pathogens and leading to spread of infection. T-helper type 2 dominant immune response was induced by prolonged antigenic stimulation of mycobacteria, which might have contributed to form the pathological features of IgG4-RD.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1914962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39017232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages (AtoMs) participate in pathological bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.","authors":"Tomoya Agemura, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Shinya Yari, Junichi Kikuta, Masaru Ishii","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1944547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1944547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic form of arthritis that causes bone destruction in joints such as the knees and fingers. Over the past two decades, the clinical outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis have improved substantially with the development of biological agents and Janus kinase inhibitors. Osteoclasts are myeloid lineage cells with a unique bone-destroying ability that can lead to joint destruction. On the other hand, osteoclasts play an important role in skeletal homeostasis by supporting bone remodeling together with osteoblasts in the bone marrow under steady-state conditions. However, the same osteoclasts are considered to participate in physiological bone remodeling and joint destruction. We found that pathological osteoclasts have different differentiation pathways and regulatory transcription factors compared to physiological osteoclasts. We also identified arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages (AtoMs), which are common progenitors of pathological osteoclasts in mice and humans that develop specifically in inflamed synovial tissue. This review presents details of the newly identified AtoMs and the original intravital imaging systems that can visualize synovial tissue and pathological osteoclasts at the pannus-bone interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1944547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39141753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunological MedicinePub Date : 2021-12-01Epub Date: 2021-02-14DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1886630
Motohisa Yamamoto
{"title":"B cell targeted therapy for immunoglobulin G4-related disease.","authors":"Motohisa Yamamoto","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1886630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1886630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucocorticoids are the first-line drug for the remission induction therapy of immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease. Achieving drug-free remission using glucocorticoids alone is difficult, however, and many patients require maintenance therapy with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. Studies have recently found that the number of peripheral memory B cells and plasmablasts is increased in IgG4-related disease and have indicated the efficacy of rituximab, which, in remission induction therapy, rapidly reduces serum IgG4 levels and has the tapering effect of glucocorticoids. Rituximab has been shown to reduce the risk of relapse more than oral immunosuppressants such as azathioprine. However, maintaining drug-free remission is difficult with a single course of rituximab alone, and many cases require maintenance therapy with rituximab. This article outlines the potential of B-cell targeted therapy, focusing on the efficacy, and safety of rituximab for IgG4-related disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1886630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25366035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Black-blood magnetic resonance imaging suggesting central nervous system vasculitis in moyamoya syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.","authors":"Keiichiro Kadoba, Keisuke Nishimura, Daisuke Waki, Tsutomu Okada, Takao Kumazawa, Rintaro Saito, Hiroyuki Murabe, Toshihiko Yokota","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1878728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1878728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moyamoya syndrome is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by bilateral stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid arteries and their branches. A 45-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted for recurrent ischemic strokes. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography revealed moyamoya-like vasculopathy. Black-blood gadolinium-based contrast-enhanced MR images showed strong, concentric enhancement along the occluded arteries, which suggested vasculitis as the etiology of moyamoya-like vasculopathy. Intensive immunosuppressive therapy combined with anticoagulation therapy and rehabilitation led to a favorable outcome in this case. Black-blood MR imaging can be a non-invasive and prompt imaging modality when central nervous system vasculitis is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"270-273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1878728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25380107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anti-complement factor H (CFH) antibodies and a novel <i>CFH</i> gene mutation in an atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome patient with complement activation of the classical pathway.","authors":"Sonoko Minato, Hiroyuki Iijima, Hiro Nakao, Kentaro Nishi, Yoshihiko Hidaka, Norimitsu Inoue, Mitsuru Kubota, Akira Ishiguro","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1905303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1905303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease caused by overactivation of the complement alternative pathway. aHUS involves the presence of antibodies against complement factor H and its mutations in the complement genes. A 2-month-old boy presented with discoid rash, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, multiple antibodies, and hypocomplementemia with a very low level of C4 (< 3 mg/dL), indicating activation of the complement pathway, together fulfilling the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) criteria of the American College of Rheumatology at 5 months of age. However, most of these findings normalized spontaneously without any intervention. Further investigations revealed a high level of anti-complement factor H antibodies and a novel heterozygous missense mutation (p.Glu1172Ala, located in exon 22) in a complement gene, <i>CFH</i>. At 2 years of age, his SLE-like symptoms have not recurred, but hematuria and schistocytes were persistent. Eventually, aHUS was diagnosed rather than SLE. Our findings suggest that multiple antibody complex, including anti-complement factor H antibody, may temporarily activate the classical pathway, resulting in SLE-like findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"274-277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1905303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25545532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case of pulmonary arterial hypertension complicated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and systemic sclerosis.","authors":"Hajime Yoshifuji, Sumika Kagebayashi, Hideyuki Kinoshita, Takao Fujii, Yoshiaki Okano, Masao Katsushima, Tsuneyo Mimori","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1874137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1874137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare complication of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). We report a 37-year-old man with PAH complicated by both AAV and SSc who presented with dyspnea, cardiac enlargement, positive myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, anti-centromere antibodies, proteinuria, and urinary casts. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (58/22/34 mmHg) and low PAWP (2 mmHg) were confirmed by right heart catheterization. Treatment with glucocorticoids (GC) decreased urinary protein and serum MPO-ANCA; however, PAH did not respond to GC. Therefore, a combination of beraprost, bosentan, and tadalafil was needed. The differences in responses to GC suggest that the pathophysiology of nephropathy is different from that of PAH. We considered that nephropathy was associated with AAV but that PAH was associated with SSc in the present case. We discuss the pathophysiology and treatment response of PAH complicated by AAV, referring to nine past cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"263-269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1874137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38824087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical manifestations in anti-Ro52/SS-A antibody-seropositive patients with Sjögren's syndrome.","authors":"Hideki Nakamura, Shimpei Morimoto, Toshimasa Shimizu, Ayuko Takatani, Shin-Ya Nishihata, Atsushi Kawakami","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1919342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1919342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The relationship between anti-Ro52/SS-A antibody (anti-Ro52) and the clinical manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has not been fully clarified. We determined the clinical factors relevant to SS patients with anti-Ro52.<b>Methods:</b> We conducted a retrospective study of 149 subjects suspicious for SS and 50 healthy control subjects. We analyzed items of the American-European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria and the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI).<b>Results:</b> SS was documented in 115 subjects. Anti-Ro52 was observed in 70 SS patients. Anti-Ro52 positivity showed a significantly higher association with anti-Ro60 positivity than with anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positivity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Regarding the difference in the anti-Ro52 concentration, we observed six significantly relevant components: two AECG components and four non-AECG components. The anti-Ro52 concentration well-discriminated three clinical factors (ROC AUC >0.75), i.e., ACA seropositivity, ESSDAI score ≥1, and RF, and it moderately discriminated high serum IgG, focus score ≥1, and anti-La/SS-B antibody seropositivity (ROC AUC >0.7). A linear relationship between the ESSDAI score and the anti-Ro52 concentration was observed.<b>Conclusion:</b> A significant association between clinical factors (including the ESSDAI) and the anti-Ro52 concentration were revealed. Anti-Ro52 was more highly associated with anti-Ro60 positivity than with ACA positivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1919342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38900432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunological MedicinePub Date : 2021-12-01Epub Date: 2021-04-25DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1910187
Ali Asghar Kiani, Hossein Elyasi, Shadiyeh Ghoreyshi, Negar Nouri, Ali Safarzadeh, Amirhossein Nafari
{"title":"Study on hypoxia-inducible factor and its roles in immune system.","authors":"Ali Asghar Kiani, Hossein Elyasi, Shadiyeh Ghoreyshi, Negar Nouri, Ali Safarzadeh, Amirhossein Nafari","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1910187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1910187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is a dimeric protein complex that plays a significant role in responding to low oxygen or hypoxia concentrations. Chronic inflammation is one of the immune system responses and can increase HIF expression in involved tissues through lowering the oxygen and hypoxia. The HIF factor has many critical roles in immunity, and thus, we reviewed the crucial roles of this factor in the immune system. The results showed various key roles on the immune system, including physical defenses, innate immune (neutrophils apoptosis, macrophages) and inflammatory responses (pyrexia and local heat, iron access, etc.), upregulation in response to microbial infections, cytokines expression (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, TNF, etc.), drug targeting, etc. The HIF roles in the acquired immune system include: enhance the adaptation of cells (dendritic cells) to new conditions and triggering the signal pathways. The findings of the present review demonstrated that the HIF has important roles in the immune system, including physical defense, innate immune as well as acquired immunity; therefore, it may be considered as a potent drug targeting several diseases such as cancers, infectious diseases, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"223-236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1910187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38906064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunological MedicinePub Date : 2021-12-01Epub Date: 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1913883
Tetsuo Hasegawa
{"title":"Updating the pathophysiology of arthritic bone destruction: identifying and visualizing pathological osteoclasts in pannus.","authors":"Tetsuo Hasegawa","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1913883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1913883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoclasts have a unique capacity to destroy bone, playing key roles in physiological bone remodeling and arthritic bone erosion. It is not known whether the osteoclast populations in different tissue settings arise from similar monocytoid precursors. The rapid progress in the next-generation sequencing technologies has provided many valuable insights into the field of osteoimmunology, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) can elucidate cellular heterogeneity within the synovial microenvironment. The application of scRNA-Seq to the defined osteoclast precursor (OP)-containing population enabled the identification of individual cells differentiating into mature osteoclasts in the inflamed synovium, which were distinct from conventional OPs in the bone marrow. In addition, an intravital imaging system using multi-photon microscopy has been applied to the synovial tissues of arthritic mice to observe the real-time dynamics of osteoclasts and immune cells in the pannus. These technologies have contributed to elucidate the transcriptomics and dynamics of specific cells involved in pathological osteoclastogenesis, improving our understand of the pathophysiology of inflammatory osteolytic diseases. Here, we review how novel technologies such as scRNA-Seq and intravital imaging help to better understand the pathogenesis of bone erosion and we introduce recent studies that have identified and directly visualized pathological OPs in inflamed synovium.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"246-251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1913883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38916571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunological MedicinePub Date : 2021-12-01Epub Date: 2021-05-13DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1912893
Masaki Shimizu
{"title":"Macrophage activation syndrome in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.","authors":"Masaki Shimizu","doi":"10.1080/25785826.2021.1912893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25785826.2021.1912893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA). An immunological feature is the excessive activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Massive hypercytokinemia is strongly associated with its pathogenesis, particularly the overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-18; interferon (IFN)-γ; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, heterozygous mutations in causative genes for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and <i>in vivo</i> exposure to highly elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-18 might induce natural killer cell dysfunction and decrease their numbers, respectively. A proper diagnosis is important to begin appropriate therapeutic interventions and change an unfavorable prognosis. The 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for MAS have a high diagnostic performance; however, the diagnostic sensitivity for onset is relatively low. Therefore, careful monitoring of laboratory values during the course of MAS is necessary to diagnose it early in s-JIA. Further studies on the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity using serum cytokine profile and a targeted cytokine strategy are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":37286,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Medicine","volume":"44 4","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25785826.2021.1912893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38907190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}