Forum Historiae最新文献

{"title":"Domestic violence in the 18th century Transylvania","authors":"A. Feher","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"FEHÉR, Andrea. Domestic violence in the 18 th century Transylvania. This paper examines family violence in the 18 th century Transylvania with a fo-cus on two major themes: child maltreatment and intimate partner violence. The topic will be explored based on records and documents produced by secular and ecclesiastical courts. The primary goal of the current study is twofold— to analyze the legal consequences of family violence and to investigate the construction of the narratives surrounding these trials. Emphasis will be placed on the differences in approaches to domestic violence in the aforementioned sources and a few illustrations of the way hierarchical violence was perpetuated in these documents will be provided.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46687914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminality: Terminology and Interpretation (An Introduction)","authors":"B. Szeghyová","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"SZEGHYOVÁ,","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„Bezuzdné jazyky.“ Česť, reč a podoby nactiutŕhačstva v Bardejove od polovice 16. do polovice 18. storočia","authors":"Peter Benka","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"BENKA, Peter. “Unbridled Tongues.” Honour, Speech and Forms of Slander in Bardejov from the Middle of the 16th to the Middle of the 18th Century. Honour was a universally present theme in the social interactions of pre-mod-ern European societies. The current paper aims to analyse this concept through the urban community of Bardejov between approximately 1550 and 1750, fo-cusing on verbal offences against honour. The topic is approached from two perspectives. Firstly, an emphasis is placed on the Reformation and humanist discourse in urban communities, the roles placed on preserving one’s own and one’s neighbours’ good reputation, and appropriate reactions to becoming the object of slander. In the second part, social practice is emphasised. On the basis of the source material and brief case studies, examples of three levels of offences are identified: individual, collective/institutional and transcendental. The last two categories suggest possible approaches for future research on honour in the context of variously defined collective identities analysis.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petty offences Related to Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Hungary in the Period before 1848","authors":"Zsuzsanna Peres","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"PERES, Zsuzsanna. Petty offences Related to Smoking and Alcohol Consumption in Hungary in the Period before 1848. The history of alcohol consumption in Hungary, like much of the rest of the world, dates back to the time before the state was founded. Smoking, on the other hand, became popular under Turkish influence in Hungary in the early modern period. Both vices were eventually regulated due to their wider detri-mental effects on society and the possibility of resultant accidents. Though neither alcohol consumption nor smoking in general was strictly prohibited, legislation attempted to raise awareness of their serious consequences by imposing restrictions and sometimes even fines on perpetrators. In the absence of state regulations, many of these rules were found only in county and city statutory decrees, which were the legal regulations most often applied by courts due to a lacking hierarchy of legal references. After a brief introduction to the struc-ture of Hungarian criminal law before 1848, the current article aims to provide insight into these alcohol and smoking regulations. In addition, a brief descrip-tion of the afterlife of such provisions, through codification attempts of the 19 th century and Act No. 5 of 1878, the first criminal code passed by the Hungarian Parliament, is provided in the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Slavic Leader to National Ruler: A Modern Discursive Construction of the Early Medieval Rulership of Pribina († 861)","authors":"Matej Harvát, Michal Ďurčo","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"HARVÁT, Matej. From Slavic Leader to National Ruler: A Modern Discursive Construction of the Early Medieval Rulership of Pribina († 861). Pribina was a Slavic leader of unknown origin from the 9 th century who was expelled by the Moravian prince ( dux ) Mojmir I. However, his rank in the territory north of the Danube before exile is a matter of an age-long scholarly debate. This article presents an analysis of historiographic discourse which has resulted in the national scholarly construction of an early medieval, hypothetical Slo-vak/Nitrian rulership of Pribina. The aim is to illustrate the gradual progression of scholarly concepts regarding this rather shadowy Slavic leader and his supposed ethnically distinct north-Danubian domain, which is typically presented in historiography as “The Nitrian Principality.” In this study, the genesis of historiographic narrative about the putative “first ruler” of modern Slovaks’ ethnic ancestors, adopted mainly by Slovak historians, archaeologists and intellectuals in general is traced. A discourse analysis of intellectual writings about Pribina and Nitra is used to demonstrate how the particular narrative of “national ruler” unambiguously correlated with modern socio-political transformations during the political creation of Slovakia after the First World War. The article suggests that the notion of Pribina as original independent ruler emerged in the late 19 th century and was cemented in the scholarship only after 1918 due to the formation of Czechoslovakia and subsequent need for an official version of distinct Slovak history.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41847363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nationalist Perspective within Slovak Com­munist Intellectual Thinking (1921–1968)","authors":"Adam Hudek","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"HUDEK, Adam. The Nationalist Perspective within Slovak Com munist Intellectual Thinking (1921–1968). This study deals with the idea of nationalism in the thinking of Slovak communist intellectuals from the early 1920s until the end of the 1960s. The variety of roles that national communism took during these decades are detailed, in-cluding an “intellectual exercise” in the 1930s, an ideological deviation in the 1950s, a program of national emancipation in 1960s and finally, the narrative of legitimizing the normalization orthodoxy after the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion into Czechoslovakia. The aim of this paper is to explore the variety of ways Slovak communist intellectuals connected the Marxist-Leninist worldview with their own nationalist discourse in different periods, describing how encountered ideological dilemmas were solved and then integrated into the program of Slovak national communism. The opening pages discuss the first generation of Slovak Marxist intellectuals in the interwar period, who defined the essential points of the Slovak national communist program. Next, following the example of historian Ľubomír Lipták, the second part documents the “intellectual de-Stalinization” of the 1960s, which included profound criticism of the Slovak position in the republic. The final piece of this study analyzes the culmination of discussions regarding Czech-Slovak relations in 1968 and 1969.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Historiographies of Finitude and Appropriation of the Annales School: The “National Question” in Post-1945 Croatian Intellectual History","authors":"Lucija Balikić","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"BALIKIĆ, Lucija. Between Historiographies of Finitude and Appropriation of the Annales School: The “National Question” in Post-1945 Croatian Intellectual History. The present article outlines the main trends in post-1945 Croatian intellectual history writing, with special attention paid to the unique dynamics of the reception and influence of the Annales school, plus other external historiographical trends dominant in “Western” historiographies of the time. Moreover, the intellectual history was oftentimes written from a teleological perspective, culminating in either the people’s liberation struggle ( narodnooslobodilačka borba ) and socialist revolution, or in the making of an independent Croatian nation-state, whereby numerous ideologies were fashioned to fit these two goals. In con-trast, a more self-reflexive and open-ended intellectual history inspired by the Annales School opposed these type of schemes. Nevertheless, both historiographical traditions of the period primarily grappled with the so-called national question and the historical interplay between the Yugoslav and Croatian national movements and ideologies, debating the intellectual and social origins of the former from a zero-sum perspective, while attempting to alienate the latter from the projects of Yugoslavism and socialism in the period after the wars of the 1990s. Using primarily the example of Mirjana Gross and her treatment of the ideology of rightism ( pravaštvo ) together with the polemics she developed with other historians about its morphology and relevance for the development and content of Croatian nationalism, the article demonstrates the aforementioned argument about historiographical trends and debates, as well as their notable transformations in the given period.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Normativity of a Nation: A Case Study of Slovene Historians in Early Post-socialism","authors":"Tjaša Konovšek","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"KONOVŠEK, Tjaša. The Normativity of a Nation: A Case Study of Slovene Historians in Early Post-socialism. This paper focuses on an issue many would consider a minor episode in Slovene historiography. A public discussion took place on the pages of Delo , one of the central Slovene newspapers in 1993, where some of the most prominent historians debated the relationship between the nation, politics and history, eventually roughly establishing two different world-views: one connected to past experiences and the other focused on the unknown of the future. Within the framework of conceptual history, this paper tackles the concept of “nation” as it was understood by these debaters themselves, establishing an understanding within the specific historical circumstances to which it belonged, thus histori-cizing the debate itself. While the question of 1989 as a break has generally already been well-researched with regard to politics, economy and memory, much less is known about the connections between the break, historiography and politics. Uncovering more than superficial disagreements within a community of historians, this paper aims not to be solely a contribution to the understanding of nationalism in post-socialism between a small group of people, but rather, to underline the link between a radically different view of the past among professional historians and the establishment of a new political and social order after 1989. Some historians involved realized the opportunity to directly channel their views into political and state-related activities, such as a bilateral commission and the educational system.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept of “Nation” and “National Community” in the Thinking of Štefan Polakovič: A Case of the Nazi Idea of Volksgemeinschaft Spread within Slovak Catholic Nationalism","authors":"Michaela Lenčéšová","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"LENČÉŠOVÁ, Michaela. The Concept of “Nation” and “National Community” in the Thinking of Štefan Polakovič: A Case of the Nazi Idea of Volksgemeinschaft Spread within Slovak Catholic Nationalism. This study explores a range of shifts in the understanding of “nation” by Štefan Polakovič, a Catholic intellectual, in the period of the wartime Slovak Republic, focusing on the root causes of Polakovič’s adoption of Volksgemeinschaft— the racial concept of “nation” that drew upon the ideology of German National Socialism. The current paper examines the genesis of the Slovak adaptation in Polakovič’s interpretation and his coming to terms with the Catholic critique of racism. Polakovič’s conceptualisation of the idea of “nation” is explored within a wider context of its understanding in Slovak political Catholicism. We are not untamed savages for someone disseminating, by the power of a holy crown, culture among us. We are a nation culturally more ancient than the neigh-bouring nations. They have much to thank the ancient Slovak culture for, as it raised them [...]. The crown of St. Stephen, as presented by the Hungarian counts, has, apart from its founder, little in common with genuine Christianity and true understanding of culture. With this idea, the Hungarian lords merely cover their preposterous territorial claims. They believe it is only within the crown St. Stephen that Christianity is protected, and culture is possible. They thus attribute to the crown of St. Stephen the mission to save Christianity and spread culture in the Danube area. 56 Slovak blood is the biological foundation of Slovak distinctiveness [...]. This blood is the biological wealth of the Slovak nation. Its power was also proven by the fact that the Danube basin has a biologically uniform character. For the signs of the Mongol race disappeared from it [...]. We needn’t be afraid of speaking of Slovak blood. Slovak blood is a fact. We emphasise our vital blood purity, because, among all the nations of Central Europe, we have maintained an exceptionally pure biological character.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42194205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slovakness in the Making: The Concept of “Nation” and “National Literature” in the Works of 1930s Literary Critics","authors":"Viliam Nádaskay","doi":"10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/forhist.2022.16.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"NÁDASKAY, Viliam. Slovakness in the Making: The Concept of “Nation” and “National Literature” in the Works of 1930s Literary Critics. The study outlines the opinions on and sources of the so-called Slovak question in the interwar Czechoslovak republic amongst the writings of three Slovak literary critics: Stanislav Mečiar, Andrej Kostolný and Michal Chorváth. Each author stood for a different contemporary ideology; nationalist/autonomist, Czechoslovakist and communist, respectively. The current article details the ways and reasons these critics legitimised national self-determination, whether by invoking the legacy of the national awakening and those stereotypical historical narratives of Slovak oppression, equality and fulfilment within a common Czechoslovak state, or through the idea of social revolution and stark op-position to tradition deriving from modernist distrust and a general fragmentation of the world and society. Opinions on the problem with the Slovakness of national literature are also illustrated, as well as its place within the context of world literature, including an analysis of how these ideological rivals shared certain attitudes towards the national self-determination of Slovaks, yet differed greatly in their ideas on its manifestation. On the one hand, cooperation among literary intelligentsia may be seen as an effort to remain internally united while facing an impending world war; on the other hand, it could be inter-preted as another part of the ideological struggle, as the case of the famous Congress of Slovak Writers seems to demonstrate.","PeriodicalId":37228,"journal":{"name":"Forum Historiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46037782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}