{"title":"Stuck on a phishing lure: differential use of base rates in self and social judgments of susceptibility to cyber risk","authors":"E. Blair Cox, Quanyan Zhu, E. Balcetis","doi":"10.1080/23743603.2020.1756240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2020.1756240","url":null,"abstract":"How do people assess the likelihood of personal risk in online activity? In three pilot experiments and one preregistered experiment, we tested the motivational and cognitive mechanisms that shape ...","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89966060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does engaging in social rejection heighten or diminish social processing?","authors":"Gili Freedman, Serena Brandler, Jennifer S. Beer","doi":"10.1080/23743603.2019.1684820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2019.1684820","url":null,"abstract":"When people find themselves in the unenviable position of having to socially reject, do they have access to enhanced social sensitivity or does the role of rejector blunt their social sensitivity? ...","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75678574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Replicability Crisis and Public Trust in Psychological Science","authors":"Farid Anvari, D. Lakens","doi":"10.1080/23743603.2019.1684822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2019.1684822","url":null,"abstract":"Replication failures of past findings in several scientific disciplines, including psychology, medicine, and experimental economics, have created a ‘crisis of confidence’ among scientists. Psychological science has been at the forefront of tackling these issues, with discussions about replication failures and scientific self-criticisms of questionable research practices (QRPs) increasingly taking place in public forums. How this replicability crisis impacts the public’s trust is a question yet to be answered by research. Whereas some researchers believe that the public’s trust will be positively impacted or maintained, others believe trust will be diminished. Because it is our field of expertise, we focus on trust in psychological science. We performed a study testing how public trust in past and future psychological research would be impacted by being informed about i) replication failures, ii) replication failures and criticisms of QRPs, and iii) replication failures, criticisms of QRPs, and proposed reforms. Results from a mostly European sample (N = 1129) showed that, compared to a control group, whereas trust in past research was reduced when people were informed about the aspects of the replication crisis, trust in future research was maintained except when they were also informed about proposed reforms. Potential explanations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86000965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanine D. Hess, Tamar L. Valdman, Megan L. Knowles
{"title":"Interpersonal and intrapersonal approach and avoidance motives after social rejection","authors":"Yanine D. Hess, Tamar L. Valdman, Megan L. Knowles","doi":"10.1080/23743603.2019.1684819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2019.1684819","url":null,"abstract":"Theories pertaining to social rejection often posit that rejected individuals are motivated to both pursue belonging and protect the self. The present study examined whether rejection indeed produc...","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86406563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hoogeveen, E. Wagenmakers, Aaron C. Kay, M. Elk
{"title":"Compensatory control and religious beliefs: a registered replication report across two countries","authors":"S. Hoogeveen, E. Wagenmakers, Aaron C. Kay, M. Elk","doi":"10.1080/23743603.2019.1684821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2019.1684821","url":null,"abstract":"Compensatory Control Theory (CCT) suggests that religious belief systems provide an external source of control that can substitute a perceived lack of personal control. In a seminal paper, it was e...","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73992225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of psychological distance on automatic goal contagion.","authors":"Janet Wessler, Jochim Hansen","doi":"10.1080/23743603.2017.1288877","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23743603.2017.1288877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated how psychological distance influences goal contagion (the extent to which people automatically adopt another person's goals). On the basis of construal-level theory, we predicted people would be more prone to goal contagion when primed with psychological distance (vs. closeness) because they would construe the other person's behavior in terms of its underlying goal. Alternatively, we predicted people primed with psychological closeness (vs. distance) would be more prone to goal contagion because closeness may increase the personal relevance of another's goals - a process not mediated by construal level. In two preregistered studies, participants read about a student whose behavior implied either an academic or a social goal. We manipulated (a) participants' level of mental construal with a mind-set task (Study 1) and (b) their social distance from another person who showed academic or social behaviors (Study 2). We measured performance on an anagram task as an indicator of academic goal contagion. For Study 1, we predicted that participants reading about academic (vs. social) behaviors would show a better anagram performance, especially when primed with an abstract mind-set. For Study 2, we predicted that construal level and relevance effects might cancel each other out, because distance triggers both high-level construal and less relevance. In contrast to the construal-level hypothesis, the mind-set manipulation did not affect goal contagion in Study 1. In accordance with the relevance hypothesis, psychological proximity <i>increased</i> goal contagion in Study 2. We discuss how the findings relate to previous findings on goal contagion and imitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"1 1-3","pages":"51-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5644154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35566978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relational Processing of Conflicting Arguments Effects on Biased Assimilation","authors":"Keiichi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1177/2165222816657801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2165222816657801","url":null,"abstract":"When exposed to conflicting arguments, people tend to evaluate the attitude-congruent arguments favorably and the attitude-incongruent arguments unfavorably. This phenomenon is called biased assimi...","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"2165222816657801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78920084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Professional Development in Practice: An Exploratory Study With Attending Physicians","authors":"S.-H. Hou, Ruey-Yun Horng, Pei-hua Chen","doi":"10.1177/2165222816656497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2165222816656497","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined professional development in practice. Interview data from 20 medical attending physicians suggested their professional practice progressed through four stages: (a) becoming familiar with the basic skills and operations of a profession, (b) building professional competence, (c) shifting practice from self-centered to client-centered, and (d) developing a continuous concern for the profession. Professional development is a life-long learning process. Attending physicians must continue learning after residency to acquire not only expert-level clinical competencies but also a set of personal qualities and attitudes that constitute the core of professionalism. Senior attending physicians stressed the importance of providing and receiving mentoring in professional development. A general model of professional development in practice was proposed.","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"105 1","pages":"2165222816656497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85897839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing the psychological type profile of churchgoers and non-churchgoers in Italy","authors":"L. Francis, G. Crea","doi":"10.1177/2165222816652510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2165222816652510","url":null,"abstract":"A series of recent studies in the U.K. and in Australia has drawn attention to the distinctive psychological type profile of churchgoers compared with non-churchgoers or with the general population. This study extends that research to Italy. A sample of 1,155 Italians between the ages of 14 and 80 completed the Italian form of the Francis Psychological Type Scales (translated and tested within the Salesian Pontifical University) together with a measure of their frequency of church attendance. The data demonstrated that intuitive types and thinking types were under-represented in church congregations in Italy. This pattern is broadly consistent with findings from the U.K. and Australia.","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"2165222816652510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81953770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variations of the Relative Age Effect Within and Across Groups in Elite Alpine Skiing","authors":"Øyvind Bjerke, H. Lorås, A. V. Pedersen","doi":"10.1177/2165222816648077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2165222816648077","url":null,"abstract":"The term relative age effect (RAE) refers to age differences between athletes within the same cohort, and is frequently found within a plethora of sports. Less clear than the actual occurrence of the effect has been the strength of the effect across, and within, different sports, and also variations across sex, age, and skill level. In this study, we analyzed birth dates among the fifty top ranked alpine skiers in the World Cup system over the last twenty years. The analysis included both male (n = 238) and female skiers (n = 235) grouped into either a speed group (downhill and Super-G) or a technical group (slalom and giant slalom) based on World Cup points. The results show an RAE among the male skiers in the speed disciplines. No significant RAEs were found in men specializing in technical disciplines, and none at all in women. This finding demonstrates that the RAE can vary across subdisciplines within alpine skiing at the elite level.","PeriodicalId":37202,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"2165222816648077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85561494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}