Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Review of the Methods Available for the Detection of Antibodies Against Transglutaminase and Deaminated Gliadin in Celiac Disease, Traditional and Emerging Technologies.","authors":"Diana Landoni, Gerson Dierley Keppeke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy where serological testing, centered on IgA anti Tissue Transglutaminase 2 (anti-TG2) and IgA anti Endomysium antibodies (anti-EMA), is the diagnostic cornerstone. Anti-TG2 is recognized as the most sensitive marker, while anti-EMA is the most specific. This review examines the performance characteristics, advantages, and limitations of traditional and emerging technologies for CD serology. Traditional platforms include ELISA - a cost-effective, open platform used for quantitative anti-TG2 and anti-DGP detection and IIF for anti-EMA, which, despite being labor-intensive and operator-dependent, maintains high specificity by detecting anti-TG2 in its native conformation. Newer technologies prioritize automation in view of clinical laboratory demands. CLIA and FEIA are fully automated systems that offer enhanced analytical sensitivity and rapid workflow. Meta-analyses confirm that the diagnostic accuracy of IgA anti-TG2 is statistically equivalent across CLIA (Sens. 0.98, Spec. 0.97), FEIA (Sens. 0.97, Spec. 0.99), and ELISA (Sens. 0.96, Spec. 0.97). However, CLIA often requires higher diagnostic thresholds for biopsy-sparing protocols. Emerging solutions include Multiplex Flow Immunoassays (MFI) /Microarrays, which enable simultaneous multi-isotype antibody detection with high concordance to reference assays (PPA 96.0 %, NPA 98.0 % for IgA anti-TG2) while Point-of-Care Tests (POCTs) provide rapid, equipment-free screening for primary care, though they exhibit moderate sensitivity compared to laboratory assays. The overall trend favors automated and multiplexed methods, improving efficiency and supporting biopsy-sparing strategies based on robust quantitative autoantibody profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 3","pages":"517-531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Need for standardization of Homocysteine Assay: Insights from the Results of External Quality Assurance.","authors":"Sojit Tomo, Snigdha Singh, Amandeep Birdi, Manoj Khokhar, Dharmveer Yadav, Mithu Banerjee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Homocysteine is an intermediate product of the biosynthesis of methionine and cysteine and a sulfhydryl-containing amino acid. The study aims to assess the difference between the estimated levels of homocysteine by different automated systems on Biorad External Quality Assurance Services samples and the imprecision of examination of homocysteine levels below the limit of detection in External Quality Assurance Services samples by proficiency testing providers. This study involves the analysis of Biorad External Quality Assurance Services sample reports of two cycles (cycles 10 and 11) for homocysteine level evaluation performance. Our study demonstrates the wide difference in the bias percentage of homocysteine levels when bias was calculated with the peer mean and the method mean. There was a substantial increase in bias percentage for the Siemens Advia Centaur XP machine for samples with levels of homocysteine below the limit of detection. Our study also demonstrated that Siemens Advia and Siemens Atellica were evidently underestimating homocysteine levels when compared with other platforms. The use of Standard Reference Material for traceability of calibrators will ensure the standardization of assays between different manufacturers. The variation observed in the External Quality Assurance Services results of homocysteine highlights the impending requirement of standardization of assays using Standard Reference Materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 3","pages":"396-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Sample Reception Errors: A Failure Reporting Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS)-Based Laboratory Quality Improvement Study.","authors":"Vijetha Shenoy Belle, Merin K Thomas, Nihaal Maripini, Saritha Kamath U","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Approximately 70% of clinical decisions depend on laboratory test results, underscoring the critical importance of examination accuracy. Among the phases of the total testing process, the pre-examination phase accounts for the highest proportion of errors; therefore, interventions aimed at reducing these errors can significantly enhance overall laboratory quality. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of risk assessment and corrective strategies through the implementation of the Failure Reporting, Analysis, and Corrective Action System (FRACAS) by comparing Risk Priority Number (RPN) scores before and after implementing corrective strategies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective observational quality-improvement study obtained approval from the institutional ethics committee. It analyzed two years of data from a clinical biochemistry laboratory. A total of 573 samples were rejected in a NABL-accredited, ISO 15189-compliant tertiary-care hospital in South India. Each nonconformance (NC) was categorized, and its frequency, percentage distribution, and RPN were calculated for both study periods. The effectiveness of risk assessment and corrective strategies was evaluated by comparing pre- and post-corrective RPN values and percentage reductions in NCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 573 rejected samples (216 pre-corrective in 2021; 357 post-correctives in 2022) were analysed. Mean RPN decreased from 18.0 ± 16.1 to 10.9 ± 15.3 (mean difference 6.0, 95% CI 2.0-24.0, p = 0.041); paired Bayesian t-test showed BF10 = 1.15, evidence for effectiveness. Four NCs were eliminated; however, three new NCs emerged post-STAT lab launch.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FRACAS-guided interventions reduce pre-examination NCs and lower RPNs for high-risk processes, supporting their use for pre-examination quality improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 3","pages":"482-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrelationship between Serum FGF21, GDF15, and Microalbuminuria as Predictive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Mustakin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable visual loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet current screening largely detects disease after microvascular damage has occurred. This review synthesizes emerging evidence that three measurable biomarkers - fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), and microalbuminuria -capture complementary dimensions of early DR pathobiology. FGF21 reflects hepatometabolic stress and adaptive signaling via the β-Klotho-FGFR1 axis; GDF15 mirrors mitochondrial/integratedstress-response activation with systemic effects through the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor-α-like (GFRAL) REarranged during Transfection (RET); and microalbuminuria indicates systemic endothelial dysfunction and increased microvascular permeability. We narratively integrate cross-sectional, cohort, and meta-analytic studies in human T2DM populations (excluding type 1 diabetes and animal experiments) and map these signals onto a unified metabolic-renal-retinal framework. Across studies, higher circulating FGF21 and GDF15 associate with DR presence and severity, while microalbuminuria correlates with DR grade and predicts progression independent of glycemic control. We propose a tri-biomarker model in which chronic lipotoxicity and oxidative stress elevate FGF21/GDF15, drive endothelial injury detectable as microalbuminuria, and together forecast early retinal microangiopathy. Translational implications include risk stratification before funduscopic changes, therapy monitoring for metabolic/mitochondrial targets, and development of multimarker algorithms alongside OCTA imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first review to integrate FGF21, GDF15, and microalbuminuria as a coherent predictive axis for early DR in T2DM, highlighting priorities for longitudinal validation and population-specific cut-offs.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 3","pages":"532-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13543409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mini-Review of Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing in Sepsis in the Emergency Department.","authors":"Natasha Gomes Berlouis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Timely initiation of appropriate treatment of sepsis in the Emergency Department is crucial in a patient's prognosis. Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines suggest improved results in septic shock where antimicrobials are given within 1 hour of presentation. The recognition and treatment of critically ill patients could be expedited using different methods of point-of-care testing as opposed to centralised laboratory testing. C-reactive protein is utilised as a predictor for sepsis prognosis and should be interpreted in conjunction with patient clinical findings due to its low specificity and sensitivity. Some efficient and simple C-reactive protein point-of-care assay kits discussed include immunoturbidimetry, immunonephelometry, lateral flow assays and bioassays, which have advantages over laboratory-based methods, but still require further investigation. A useful tool such as a C-reactive protein point-of-care test could potentially enhance the operational performance of emergency care. Its use in optimizing antibiotic therapy to curb the rate of antimicrobial resistance and improve sepsis outcomes still requires validation. Septic shock management in the Emergency Department continues to be a challenging task and future verification studies and clinical guidelines on biomarkers for point-of-care testing are required to establish its reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 2","pages":"260-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Hematological Inflammatory Indices with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A Cross-sectional study.","authors":"S Kiran, E Karthick, Sathya Selvarajan, Sowmya Krishnamurthy, K S Sridharan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global health concern characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, contributing to various complications. While Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a primary tool for assessing glycemic control, hematological inflammatory indices derived from routine Complete Blood Count (CBC) are emerging as promising, low-cost indicators of systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the association between these indices and glycemic control in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This comparative cross-sectional study included 750 individuals, equally categorized into non-diabetic, well-controlled T2DM (HbA1c < 7%), and poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 7%) groups. HbA1c, and eleven hematological inflammatory indices like NLR, MLR, SII, SIRI, etc, were calculated and compared between the groups using JASP software followed by correlation, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, and binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI consistently showed a rising trend with poorer glycemic control, correlated moderately with HbA1c, and demonstrated moderate predictive performance for uncontrolled diabetes (AUC > 0.6). Subgroup analysis also revealed higher NLR in poorly controlled diabetics and regression analysis proved NLR as an independent predictor of poor glycemic control (adjusted odds ratio = 4.73, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that hematological inflammatory indices, particularly NLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI, are significantly elevated in patients with poorly controlled T2DM, reflecting a state of chronic systemic inflammation. Among these, NLR shows the strongest and independent association with poor glycemic status, highlighting its potential as a low-cost, accessible adjunct marker for monitoring glycemic control and systemic inflammation in T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 2","pages":"247-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of LDL-C Estimation Using Ridge Regression and Four Established Equations Against Direct Determination of LDL-C in a Northeastern Population in Thailand.","authors":"Sirawich Sonsok, Pongdech Sarakarn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equations traditionally used for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have limitations in accuracy and reliability. This study aimed to compare the performance of established equations with a machine learning approach to determine the most appropriate method for LDL-C estimation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using 14,109 lipid profile records from inpatients and outpatients at Kosumphisai Hospital, Northeastern Thailand (2017-2021). LDL-C was estimated using the Friedewald, Puavilai, National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Martin equations, as well as a Ridge regression model. Direct LDL-C measurement served as the reference standard. Model performance was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), the proportion of estimates within ±12% of the direct measurement, and Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The calculation of LDL-C using Ridge regression provided the highest proportion of estimates within the ±12% error margin (75.37%), the lowest MAE (10.05 mg/dL), and the narrowest 95% limits of agreement (-31.19 to 31.57 mg/dL) in Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ridge regression provided greater accuracy and reliability for LDL-C estimation compared with the four established equations. Future research should consider incorporating additional predictors and alternative penalized regression techniques, such as Lasso or Elastic Net, to enhance model robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 2","pages":"238-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of caspase-3 with thyroid hormone levels in patients with hypothyroidism - A hospital-based study.","authors":"Sathwika Shetty, Sindhu, Poornima Ajay Manjrekar, Sowndarya Kollampare, Janice Dsa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This hospital-based prospective study examined the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and serum levels of caspase-3, a critical marker of apoptosis, in 183 patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum caspase-3 concentrations were measured using a human caspase-3 ELISA kit. Elevated caspase-3 levels indicate increased apoptotic activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the overall cohort, the serum caspase-3 levels were not significantly correlated with the thyroid hormone level. However, among patients with mildly elevated TSH (Group I), caspase-3 levels were inversely correlated with T3 (r = -0.319, p < 0.05) and T₄ (r = -0.377, p < 0.001). Age-stratified analysis revealed that among younger participants (18-40 years), age independently predicted lower caspase-3 levels (p = 0.027), suggesting a decline in apoptotic activity with advancing early adulthood. In older individuals (≥41 years), serum T₄ independently and negatively predicted caspase-3 levels (p = 0.048). Partial correlation analysis controlling for age rendered the previous associations nonsignificant, indicating that age was a confounding factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relationship between thyroid hormones and apoptosis appears to be both age- and severity-dependent. While thyroid hormones are inversely associated with apoptotic activity in mild hypothyroidism, age independently influences caspase-3 in younger individuals and T₄ remains a significant predictor in older adults. These findings underscore the complex interplay between aging, thyroid function, and apoptosis, with implications for thyroid-related pathophysiology across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 2","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating netrin-1 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Roshan Kumar Mahat, Vedika Rathore, Mritunjay Kumar Mishra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Netrin-1, a laminin-related guidance cue protein with emerging immunomodulatory roles, has shown conflicting associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in human studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate circulating netrin-1 levels in individuals with T2DM compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Europe PMC up to March 17, 2025, was performed for studies reporting netrin-1 levels in T2DM patients. Eligible studies were observational and provided extractable quantitative data. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and JBI checklist. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, subgroup, sensitivity, and publication bias analyses were performed using R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty studies involving 1,798 articles were included. Pooled analysis revealed significantly elevated netrin-1 levels in T2DM (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.03-1.11; p = 0.0393), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 96.4%). Subgroup analyses indicated geographic and diagnostic criteria as key moderators. Egyptian studies and those using ADA guidelines reported increased netrin-1, while Indian and WHO-based studies reported reductions. The 95% prediction interval (-2.03 to 3.18) reflected wide variability. No significant publication bias was detected (LFK index = -0.49).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis supports a potential link between netrin-1 and T2DM, suggesting its role as a biomarker of metabolic inflammation. However, substantial heterogeneity and study-level differences necessitate further standardized, longitudinal research to clarify its clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 2","pages":"345-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial Intelligence in Laboratory Medicine: Aligning Human and Artificial Intelligence for Value-Based Outcomes.","authors":"Damien Gruson, Pradeep Kumar Dabla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare and laboratory medicine is reshaping diagnostics, workflows, and patient management. Yet, technological progress alone cannot ensure meaningful outcomes. The concept of Beneficial Intelligence (BI), defined as the synergy of human and artificial intelligence (H + A = B), emphasizes that technology must be guided by human purpose, ethics, and empathy. BI reframes AI not as a replacement for human expertise but as an augmentation that enables laboratory professionals to deliver care that is accurate, sustainable, and patient-centered. In alignment with value-based healthcare, BI prioritizes outcomes that matter most-clinical, operational, economic, and societal. Laboratory medicine provides a fertile ground for this framework, where digitalization, automation, and machine learning models already enhance diagnostics, risk stratification, and decision support. However, responsible adoption requires validation against patient outcomes, adherence to structured evaluation frameworks and continuous human oversight. Ultimately, Beneficial Intelligence is not only a technical model but a mindset: a commitment to ensure that the alliance of human wisdom and AI fosters equitable, efficient, and sustainable healthcare for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":37192,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine","volume":"37 2","pages":"364-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13088478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}