Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献

{"title":"Advancements in combustion technologies: A review of innovations, methodologies, and practical applications","authors":"Abdellatif M. Sadeq ,&nbsp;Raad Z. Homod ,&nbsp;Husam Abdulrasool Hasan ,&nbsp;Bilal Naji Alhasnawi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Kadhim Hussein ,&nbsp;Ali Jahangiri ,&nbsp;Hussein Togun ,&nbsp;Masoud Dehghani-Soufi ,&nbsp;Shahbaz Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review comprehensively examines key advancements in combustion technologies, multi-scale modeling approaches, and experimental diagnostics, highlighting their contributions to enhancing energy efficiency, reducing emissions, and advancing sustainable energy solutions. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) achieves thermal efficiencies up to 50 %, while Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) reduces NO_x emissions by up to 90 % and improves brake thermal efficiency by 43 %, demonstrating significant potential for low-emission power generation. Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) achieves thermodynamic efficiency improvements with pressure ratios reaching 2.0, while Plasma-Assisted Combustion (PAC) shortens ignition delay by 35 %, enabling stable operation under lean conditions. Multi-scale modeling techniques, such as hybrid DNS-LES models, achieve a 5 % error margin in flame speed predictions, and Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) reduces computational costs by 50 % without compromising accuracy. Experimental diagnostics, including Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), deliver high-resolution measurements, with PIV capturing flow fields at over 10 kHz and high-speed imaging recording transient combustion events at up to 100 kHz. Future research directions emphasize advancing low-temperature combustion strategies, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven modeling techniques, and developing hybrid diagnostic methods for real-time combustion analysis. These advancements collectively support the transition to cleaner, more efficient combustion systems, contributing to sustainable energy solutions and guiding future innovations in combustion science and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing wastewater heat resources in Zambian food and beverage processing: Case studies, regional assessment, and implications","authors":"Eleanor Mancusi-Ungaro ,&nbsp;Madhu K. Murali ,&nbsp;Paul Coughlan ,&nbsp;Godfrey Hampwaye ,&nbsp;Derrick Bwalya Tembo ,&nbsp;Aonghus McNabola","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater heat recovery (WWHR) aims to recycle low-grade thermal resources embedded in wastewater discharges and lower the energy requirements for hot-water production in various settings. WWHR has received growing attention in recent years, however, limited attention has been given to potential WWHR resources or the technologies required to exploit these in hot-water-intensive industrial settings, such as food and beverage processing. In addition, very limited attention has been given to WWHR in a Global South context. To address these gaps, and an additional gap on WWHR in subtropical locations, this paper seeks to quantify the thermal resources available in Zambia’s food and beverage industry. Two potential WWHR resources were selected for deeper analysis based on site assessments: boiler blowdowns and cleaning-in-place. This analysis shows a significant heat resource in both processes based on analysis of on-site data and nationwide extrapolation. Cleaning-in place processes also represent a new avenue for WWHR currently not explored in the literature. Extrapolating the WWHR findings to a country-wide scale showed that boiler blowdowns have an annual thermal potential of about 4 GWh and cleaning-in-place had an annual thermal potential of 4.4 GWh. In summary, this paper demonstrates that the Zambian food and beverage processing sector has a significant wastewater heat resource. Recovering this heat could reduce sector emissions by around 2.5 kT CO₂ equivalent emissions per year. These results also demonstrate the potential of industrial WWHR in subtropical climates and the potential for this source of renewable heat warrants exploration regionally beyond the national context of Zambia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100968"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable electrification of remote communities: Techno-economic and demand response analysis for renewable microgrids","authors":"Md. Feroz Ali ,&nbsp;Md. Rafiqul Islam Sheikh ,&nbsp;Mir Md. Julhash ,&nbsp;Ashraf Hossain Sanvi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bangladesh has an acute power deficit, its rural areas consequently calling for creative renewable-energy solutions. A remote riverside-border village in the district of Rajshahi, off-grid due to its geography across the Padma River, boasts 2,500 inhabitants with 850 households, a primary school among them. It is to be powered from abundant renewables by means of an off-grid microgrid integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) generation with a battery energy storage system (BESS), designed in HOMER Pro (version 3.14.2). Optimum systems, including PV, WT, and BESS, attain an NPC of $171,720, a COE of $0.0688/kWh, an operating cost of $2,658.03, and a capital cost of $136,082 among three configurations analyzed. The system ensures zero carbon emission with a 100% Renewable Fraction (RF), indicating environmental benefits. Sensitivity analysis of factors like solar irradiance, wind speed, and component costs revealed economic variability, while diverse load dispatch strategies enhanced efficiency. Using MATLAB simulation, demand response analysis showed annual energy savings of 9,686.427 kWh/year. Moreover, future energy demand projections and system scalability analysis demonstrate the adaptability of the microgrid to population growth, ensuring long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study offers a scalable model for sustainable rural electrification in remote regions globally, promoting environmental sustainability and energy access in isolated communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergy Perspective on the environmental and economic Viability of a Biomass-Driven Polygeneration system","authors":"Parviz Heydari Nasab ,&nbsp;Ata Chitsaz ,&nbsp;Hiva Rashidzadeh ,&nbsp;Alireza Rostamzadeh Khosroshahi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Innovative methods have been increasingly adopted to evaluate industrial processes’ sustainability, environmental impact, and economic feasibility. Among these approaches, emergy analysis has emerged as a comprehensive tool. This study investigates a multiple system driven primarily by biomass gasification (using municipal solid waste) to generate power, heating, cooling, and freshwater. The gasification process incorporates a Brayton cycle, supplemented by natural gas to enhance the thermal value of the gas mixture. For cooling, a double-effect absorption chiller system utilizes the waste heat from the gas turbine, offering superior performance compared to single-effect systems. Additionally, a 24-stage Multi-Flash Distillation (MSF) unit produces freshwater, and the gasification unit’s dissipated heat is used for generated heating. The system’s performance was assessed using thermodynamic modeling in EES software, alongside an emergy analysis to determine economic and environmental parameters. Key metrics evaluated included the Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), Emergy Investment Ratio (EIR), Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR), renewability, and Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI). Critical variables such as Gas Flow Rate (GMR), Equivalence Ratio (ER), Gasification Temperature (T_gh), Combustion Chamber Temperature (T_cc), and Combustion Chamber Pressure (P_cc) were examined. The subsystems were individually validated based on credible sources, and finally, the system was evaluated. Results indicated that the total emergy value of the system was 2.03E + 20, with maximum sustainability indices of 8.5, 6.81, 6.2, 6.13, and 6.6 across the system’s variables, respectively. The net power output reached 18.756 MW. However, as variable values increased, system sustainability decreased while net power output improved. This study demonstrates the potential of biomass-based systems for sustainable emergy solutions while highlighting the trade-offs between efficiency and environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated solution to mitigate climate change through direct air capture and diabatic compressed air energy storage","authors":"Yide Han ,&nbsp;Yurong Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Peng ,&nbsp;Bo-Yu Peng ,&nbsp;Yuxing Ding ,&nbsp;Wenli Du ,&nbsp;Weimin Zhong ,&nbsp;Feng Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct air capture (DAC) is a technology designed to capture CO₂ directly from ambient air for carbon removal, while compressed air energy storage (CAES) involves compressing and storing air for later use in energy generation. However, diabatic CAES (D-CAES) systems, despite their commercial deployment, face limitations due to reliance on combustion, contributing to environmental pollution. Liquid-based DAC (L-DAC) systems offer negative emissions but are energy-intensive, often depending on electricity from natural gas plants. This study introduces an integrated system where L-DAC captures CO₂ emitted by D-CAES during discharge, using electricity directly supplied by D-CAES, thus addressing energy and environmental concerns. Implemented in Aspen Plus® V11 and validated with literature data, the system’s performance was assessed under various parameters. Results show a D-CAES round-trip efficiency of 59.27% and a levelized cost of electricity of $0.53/kWh. The cost of captured CO₂ from the air is $259/tCO₂. This study provides a comprehensive analysis and offers guidance for the sustainable commercial deployment of D-CAES while fostering advancements in DAC and energy storage integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of permitting times and grid expansion capacity in industrial decarbonization – A case study of the electrification of Swedish industry","authors":"Sebastian Karlsson,&nbsp;Johanna Beiron,&nbsp;Fredrik Normann,&nbsp;Filip Johnsson","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial sector accounts for almost one-third of global CO₂ emissions, making it an important target for emissions mitigation measures, with electrification representing an important mitigation pathway with reliance on timely permitting procedures and ramping up of electricity grid expansion.</div><div>In this work, we investigate the impacts of permitting times and grid construction capacity on the evolution of industrial electrification, using the Swedish basic industry as a case study. We develop and apply an optimization model, with the objective of minimizing the time required to electrify the steel, cement, refinery and chemical industrial processes. The model is applied to different scenarios, within the ranges of 1–9 years of permitting time and 100–700 MW/year of grid expansion capacity, while varying the level of project coordination between the industrial sites and grid infrastructure deployments. In the modeling, we assume that the required CO₂-free power generation is installed alongside the grid expansion. In a scenario with 8-year permitting times and the ability to expand the grid to accommodate 4.5 % (150 MW) of the modeled industrial load per year, the transition to a fully electrified industry takes until Year 2058. For 2-year permitting times and the ability to expand the grid to connect 18 % (600 MW) of the modeled industrial load per year, the modeled sites could be electrified by Year 2037. In addition, the results show that for low levels of coordination, modeled such that industrial actors wait for infrastructure projects to be completed before they initiate their own pre-studies, there is an increase of almost 8 years in the average time taken for sites to be electrified compared to a modeled base scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis mechanism of isolated microalgal composition and their potential as liquid biofuels: Neutral lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Huiyu Qiu ,&nbsp;Menghao Zuo ,&nbsp;Lu Zuo ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Pengye Song ,&nbsp;Shaojie Guo ,&nbsp;Boxiong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgal lipids are the important feedstock of alternative liquid biofuels due to their similar structure to liquid hydrocarbons and high content in microalgae. However, complex composition of microalgal lipids hinders their practical application as biofuels and their reaction mechanism is also not fully studied, especially for phospholipids and glycolipids. In this study, the key fractions (neutral lipids, phospholipids, and glycolipids) in microalgal lipids were separated by a solid phase extraction method. There was a predominant content (39.5 %) for glycolipids in lipids of microalga <em>Chlorella</em> sp., while there was similar content between the neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids for microalga <em>Nanochloropsis</em> sp.. The pyrolysis characterization of each lipid fraction was analyzed via pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main carbon number distribution in pyrolysis products were C₁₆, C₁₈, and C₂₀ for all lipid fractions. The main compound types were long-chain chemicals with the carbon number range of C₁₆–C₂₀, especially carboxylic acids. The pyrolysis mechanism was elucidated based on carbon number distribution and compound type distribution in pyrolysis products. The major decomposition reactions were mainly decarboxylation, decarbonylation, glycerol fragmentation, and steroid cracking to form hydrocarbons, acids, and esters. Due to the typical characteristics of sterols in microalgal lipids, the pyrolysis products presented more cyclic structures, especially aromatic hydrocarbons as a typical composition in liquid transportation fuels. This study provide necessary information for large-scale application of microalgal lipids in liquid biofuels via pyrolysis pathway, which is also benefit for the research of novel composite catalysts during catalytic pyrolysis to further upgrading of non-catalytic pyrolysis products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic view to decarbonising cruise ships with a combination of energy saving technologies and hydrogen as fuel","authors":"Mia Elg ,&nbsp;Bogdan Molchanov ,&nbsp;Arun Krishnan ,&nbsp;Annika Sandberg ,&nbsp;Tomasz Hinz","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cruise ship decarbonisation was studied on a Mediterranean cruise profile. The analysis focused on ship energy flows, fuel consumption, carbon emissions, ship CII and EEDI. A combination of technologies for reducing ship fuel consumption was simulated before introducing hydrogen fueled machinery for the ship. The studied technologies included ultrasound antifouling, shore power, battery hybrid machinery, waste heat recovery and air lubrication. Their application on the selected operational profile led to combined fuel savings of 18,7%. When the same technologies were combined to a hydrogen machinery, the ship total energy consumption, compared to baseline was reduced by 25%. The cause of this was the synergies in the ship energy system, such as ship auxiliary powers, heat consumption and machinery efficiency. The proposed methodology of ship energy analysis is important step in starting to evaluate new fuels for ships and in preliminary technology screening prior to integrating them in the ship design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100953"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart energy management for revenue optimization and grid independence in an Indian RDS","authors":"T. Yuvaraj ,&nbsp;M. Thirumalai ,&nbsp;M. Dharmalingam ,&nbsp;Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti ,&nbsp;Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel smart energy management framework for the Indian 28-bus radial distribution system (RDS), optimizing energy consumption across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The framework employs the hunter-prey optimization algorithm (HPOA) to enhance appliance scheduling, renewable energy integration (PV, WT, EV, BESS), and dynamic tariff management while addressing uncertainties in electric vehicle (EV) usage and renewable distributed generation (RDG) output. By incorporating photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines (WT), electric vehicles (EVs), and battery energy storage systems (BESS), the system maximizes renewable energy utilization, reducing grid dependency and improving cost-effectiveness. HPOA ensures efficient scheduling, balancing user comfort, cost savings, and revenue generation through real-time pricing (RTP) and feed-in tariffs. The system effectively manages EV and RDG uncertainties, optimizing surplus energy redirection to the grid, thereby enhancing economic viability. A comparative analysis with alternative optimization algorithms demonstrates HPOA’s superiority in convergence speed, computational efficiency, and energy cost reduction. Additionally, the study evaluates the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), confirming the economic feasibility of the proposed model. The results indicate a significant reduction in electricity costs and grid dependence, yielding a total revenue of ₹ 20,982.00—comprising ₹ 2,042.64 from residential, ₹ 4,780.98 from commercial, and ₹ 7,158.38 from industrial sectors. These findings underscore the financial and sustainability advantages of implementing smart energy management strategies in evolving energy landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twin technology in electric and self-navigating vehicles: Readiness, convergence, and future directions","authors":"Uma Ravi Sankar Yalavarthy ,&nbsp;N Bharath Kumar ,&nbsp;Attuluri R Vijay Babu ,&nbsp;Rajanand Patnaik Narasipuram ,&nbsp;Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital Twin (DT) technology, which creates digital replicas of physical systems, significantly enhances the lifecycle of complex items, systems, and processes. It is especially important in the automotive industry for improving the design, construction, and operation of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Digital Twins make EVs safer, more comfortable, and more enjoyable to drive, thereby enhancing user experience. As mobility systems evolve to become more intelligent and eco-friendlier, electric and self-navigating vehicles are increasingly replacing internal combustion engine vehicles by leveraging technologies such as IoT, Big Data, AI, ML, and 5G. Significant contribution of transportation to global CO2 emissions underscores the need for sustainable practices. Smart EVs, capable of significantly reducing emissions, require innovative architectures like DTs for optimal performance. The advancement of data analytics and IoT has accelerated the adoption of DTs to increase the efficiency of system design, construction, and operation. EV batteries, being the most expensive components, necessitate thorough analysis for State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH). This review examines the application of DT technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), addressing challenges with particular attention on issues regarding monitoring, tracking, battery and charge administration, communication, assurance, and safety. It also explores current trends in EV energy storage technologies and the crucial role of Digital Twins in optimizing battery systems. This technology enables comprehensive digital lifecycle analysis, enhancing battery management efficiency through optimal models for SoC and SoH assessments. Additionally, this review provides insights into various models, future challenges, and discusses DTs for EV battery systems, highlighting case studies, characteristics, and technological opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}