European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasm 2/3 after primary excisional conization/LEEP treatments: A follow-up nationwide cohort study","authors":"Hung Shen ,&nbsp;Mei-Hsuan Wu ,&nbsp;Jian-Jhih Lin ,&nbsp;Heng-Cheng Hsu ,&nbsp;Yi-Jou Tai ,&nbsp;Chia-Ying Wu ,&nbsp;Chia-Yi Lee ,&nbsp;Yen-Han Wang ,&nbsp;Ying-Cheng Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Follow-up human papillomavirus (HPV) testing 6 months after treatment is suggested for women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) 2/3. However, the Pap smear remains the only feasible tool in areas with limited resources. Our study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of recurrent CIN2/3 after excision treatment by follow-up Pap smear in a nationwide database.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively identified women receiving excision treatment for CIN2/3 from 2007 to 2016 in the Taiwan National Cervical Cancer Screening Database. Risk factors of recurrence including age, education status, follow-up frequency, and the results of serial follow-up Pap smears were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 11595 women were enrolled, 287 having recurrent CIN2 + diseases (cumulative incidence of recurrence of 24.8/1000 people). The incidence of recurrent CIN2 + lesions was highest in the over 60-year-old age group (12.12/1000 person-years). For the first follow-up Pap smear, the highest recurrence rate was in the AGC/HSIL+ group (106.6/1000 people). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that over 60 years of age, AGC/HSIL+ in the first follow-up pap smear, and any abnormal pap smear result within the first year after treatment were risk factors of CIN2/3 recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In patients receiving excision for CIN2/3, the recurrence risk was higher in patients older than 60 years of age, and who had any abnormal follow-up Pap smear results, especially AGC/HSIL+ , in the first year after treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and enablers to postnatal care utilization in the Oshana region of Namibia: A qualitative study","authors":"Enos Moyo ,&nbsp;Perseverance Moyo ,&nbsp;Tafadzwa Dzinamarira ,&nbsp;Andrew Ross","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postnatal care (PNC) service utilization remains low in Namibia, including in the Oshana region, with only 20 % of newborn babies accessing them within two days of delivery in 2021, which is much lower than the 69 % of mothers nationwide who utilized PNC services. As low PNC utilization is linked to high maternal and child morbidity and mortality, this study aimed to explore the barriers and enablers of PNC utilization among women in the Oshana region of Namibia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive qualitative design within an explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used<strong>.</strong> 13 female participants were recruited from the Oshana region's public healthcare facilities through purposive sampling with maximum variation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data was analyzed thematically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six themes and 15 subthemes emerged from the barriers, while five themes and 11 subthemes emerged from the enabling factors. Themes related to barriers and enablers included personal, household, community, cultural, health system, and economic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A comprehensive approach is needed to improve PNC utilization. This includes enhancing PNC knowledge, increasing healthcare accessibility, addressing gender norms and cultural beliefs, and improving the quality of PNC services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of physician, family and society on the choice of Cesarean-section delivery mode among Lebanese females","authors":"Elie Ouainaty ,&nbsp;Abdallah Chahine ,&nbsp;Elie Chalhoub ,&nbsp;Charly-Joe Layoun ,&nbsp;Souheil Hallit ,&nbsp;Habib Barakat","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing rate of cesarean section (C-section) deliveries has become a global concern, prompting intervention from governments and healthcare organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), which is actively working to reduce the number of unnecessary C-sections worldwide. This study examines the role of physicians, family, and societal factors on C-section decision-making among Lebanese women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 367 Lebanese women recruited between March and September 2024. The Attitude Toward Birth Selection Method was used to determine factors influencing birth method preference. The scale evaluates eight factors: beliefs and attitudes, sexual and physical attitudes, fear of childbirth, preference of convenience, health and support, sociocultural norms, confidence in the birth practitioners, personal and practical choice, and sources of motivation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings suggest that sources of motivation and confidence in birth practitioner were associated with a higher preference for C-section delivery. In contrast, beliefs and attitudes and personal and practical choices were more strongly associated with a preference for vaginal delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the significant role of physicians, family, and societal influences play in shaping C-section decision-making. These findings serve as a first step for developing awareness campaigns aimed at reducing unnecessary C-sections and supporting women to make informed and health-conscious decisions about childbirth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infertility-related stress and marital intimacy among infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment in Western Iran: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Sara Abdoli ,&nbsp;Salman Khazaei ,&nbsp;Faezeh Fazli ,&nbsp;Shamim Pilehvari ,&nbsp;Ensiyeh jenabi","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Given the fundamental role of fertility and childbearing in Iranian families, along with its cultural and social dimensions, and considering the importance of paying attention to marital issues among infertile couples, despite the limited and contradictory studies in this area, the present research aimed to Study marital intimacy and infertility stress in infertile couples undergoing in Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment in the west of Iran.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 2023, a cross-sectional study from 1 September until December was undertaken on 117 couples at an Infertility Center in Hamadan City, Iran. Measurement tools were demographic characteristics, Newton's infertility stress questionnaire and the marital intimacy questionnaire. A convenience sampling method was utilized to recruit a total of 117 eligible women, each part of a couple, for the study. All participants completed the questionnaires of demographic characteristics, newton's infertility stress and the marital intimacy as required. Data analysis was carried out using Stata-17 software, with significance set at a level below 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the present study the number of 234 cases was investigated. There wasn't a significant difference observed in infertility-related stress domains by gender (P &gt; 0.05).Significant direct correlations were observed between infertility-related stress and age (r = 0.55, P &lt; 0.001), duration of marriage(r = 0.72, P &lt; 0.001), duration of infertility (r = 0.64, P &lt; 0.001), and duration of treatment (r = 0.67, P &lt; 0.001). Conversely, marital intimacy exhibited significant inverse correlations with these variables (P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between marital intimacy and infertility-related stress (r = -0.67, P &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study has shown that the mean score of marital intimacy among women is significantly higher than men. Additionally, there is a significant negative correlation between marital intimacy and infertility-related stress. Considering the importance of mental health in infertile couples and its potential impact on the outcome of IVF treatment, it appears that supportive interventions and counseling sessions to increase marital intimacy in infertile couples undergoing IVF treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extragenital endometriosis associated with uterine scar defects","authors":"Tilman Born,&nbsp;Katrin Krejci,&nbsp;Maximilian Rauh,&nbsp;Georgia Cole,&nbsp;Maurice Kappelmeyer,&nbsp;Mehmet Vural ,&nbsp;Angela Köninger","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Uterine scar defects result from poor healing of the hysterotomy after cesarean sections (CS), in multiple cases leading to retroflexio uteri and retrograde menstruation. Endometriosis is the probable consequence. Patients often experience overlapping symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This study analysed cases of sonographically detected uterine scar defects, subsequently undergoing laparoscopy at the University Clinic St. Hedwig, in Regensburg, between 2020 and 2024. Herefore, surgery reports were reviewed, focusing on extragenital endometriosis, symptoms of Cesarean Scar Disorder (CSD), niche morphology, uterine position, and endometriosis localisation using the #Enzian classification.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Extragenital endometriosis was histologically confirmed in 45 of 94 patients (47.9 %) with symptomatic or large uterine niches. A significant association was found between endometriosis and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) (p &lt; 0.001) as well as retroflexio uteri (p = 0.036). Symptoms related to CSD did not differ in patients with or without Endometriosis. Endometriotic implants were primarily located in the peritoneum behind the uterus and sacrouterine ligaments, supporting the hypothesis of retrograde menstruation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is significant overlap between the symptoms of endometriosis and CSD. Almost half of the patients with a symptomatic niche were found to have endometriosis, whereby the location of endometriosis supports the hypothesis of retrograde menstruation. However, the patient´s history of complaints is not indicative of the diagnosis of endometriosis. Therefore, all patients with CSD should be offered a laparoscopy and endometriosis surgery. All patients with a previous caesarean section presenting with symptoms of endometriosis should be offered standardised and high-quality niche diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused ultrasound treatment of cervical human papillomavirus infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions: A narrative review","authors":"Vincent Y.T. Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Focused ultrasound (FUS) appears to be a promising form of thermal ablation for treatment of cervical lesions, but evidence supporting its use is limited. This review evaluated the efficacy and safety of FUS treatment of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). The overall efficacy of FUS on HPV clearance was 75.0–85.7 % at 3 months, 35.5–77.1 % at 6 months and 64.7–94.1 % at 12 months. Its efficacy on low grade SIL and high grade SIL regression were 83.3–96.8 % and 70.9–96.6 % at 6 months, respectively. Complications were uncommon. FUS appears to be an effective and safe treatment modality for cervical HPV and SIL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: Three case reports and literature review","authors":"Esther Ruiz Pérez ,&nbsp;Cristina Álvarez Colomo ,&nbsp;Victoria Pascual Escudero ,&nbsp;Álvaro Sanz Díaz-Heredero ,&nbsp;Lidia Casamayor Del Nogal ,&nbsp;Marta Ibáñez Nieto ,&nbsp;Sandra Canales Martínez ,&nbsp;Jimena Bayón Pascual ,&nbsp;Mónica Simón de la Fuente ,&nbsp;Mónica Consuelo Horstmann Sendagorta","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) is defined as an ectopic pregnancy in which the gestational sac implants on the surgical scar of a previous cesarean section or isthmocele.</div><div>Despite its low incidence, the diagnosis presents a significant difficulty, and a false negative diagnosis can lead to serious complications that may require more aggressive treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objective of this study is to present three clinical cases of patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy in the cesarean scar, including a review of the current literature on this condition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The clinical case data were obtained from the patients’ medical records, including the results of the additional tests performed, as well as subsequent gynecology appointments. On the other hand, a literature review was conducted on ectopic pregnancies in the cesarean scar.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During ultrasound examinations of patients with a history of previous cesarean sections, special attention should be paid to identifying the implantation site of the gestational sac to rule out CSP.</div><div>Due to the limited number of trials and case reports on CSP, there is no consensus on standardized treatment and management. The primary goal is to preserve patient's fertility and avoid severe complications such as massive hemorrhage or uterine rupture.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) should be considered among the diagnostic options when finding a gestational sac located in atypical situations in patients with a history of cesarean section.</div><div>Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for achieving the best outcomes. A minimally invasive approach should be planned as first-line treatment in all situations where CSP is included in the differential diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between regular physical activity during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: A population-based cohort study","authors":"Šejla Heljezović ,&nbsp;Miha Lučovnik ,&nbsp;Ivan Verdenik ,&nbsp;Darija Šćepanović","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Regular physical activity during pregnancy is associated with several maternal and neonatal health benefits. However, most studies focus on specific forms of exercise in low-risk populations, limiting generalizability.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate associations between regular physical activity during singleton pregnancy and perinatal outcomes using a national perinatal registry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Slovenian National Perinatal Information System (2013–2022), which included 190,331 singleton pregnancies. Regular physical activity was defined as any form of physical activity at least twice weekly throughout pregnancy. The outcomes analyzed included preterm birth (&lt;37 and &lt;32 weeks), preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pelvic girdle pain, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates, cesarean delivery, urinary incontinence postpartum, and Apgar scores &lt; 7 at 5 minutes. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for parity, maternal age, BMI, prepregnancy hypertension and diabetes, and gestational weight gain.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regular physical activity during pregnancy was reported by 69 % of the women. It was significantly associated with reduced odds of preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks, aOR 0.658; &lt;32 weeks, aOR 0.393), preeclampsia (aOR 0.719), gestational hypertension (aOR 0.708), pelvic girdle pain (aOR 0.808), SGA (aOR 0.903), LGA (aOR 0.902) and low Apgar scores (aOR 0.638). Physically active women with GDM were less likely to require insulin (aOR 0.768). No significant associations were found with cesarean delivery or urinary incontinence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Regular physical activity during pregnancy, regardless of specific type, was associated with improved perinatal outcomes without safety concerns. These findings highlight the potential benefits of encouraging physical activity during pregnancy in diverse populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic potential of elastosonography in cesarean scar pregnancy","authors":"Ömer Tammo ,&nbsp;Esra Söylemez ,&nbsp;Enes Çelik ,&nbsp;Süleyman Yıldız ,&nbsp;Emre Uysal ,&nbsp;Yurdagül Tolu Gökhaner ,&nbsp;Rahime Kada Düken","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy where the embryo implants in the scar from a previous cesarean section. CSP is a high-risk condition that can cause serious complications, such as uterine rupture and life-threatening bleeding. This study investigated the accuracy and reliability of elastosonography in diagnosing CSP.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A prospective cohort study was conducted at Mardin Training and Research Hospital (Turkey) between October 2023 and January 2024. The study included 61 patients with CSP and a separate control group of 61 patients, all between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation. Both groups were evaluated using elastosonography.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elastosonography parameters, including strain ratio, myometrial shear wave velocity, and scar hardness, were significant in diagnosing CSP. Age, BMI, parity, and number of previous cesarean sections did not significantly correlate with elastosonography findings. Beta-hCG and fetal heart rate were not significant diagnostic factor</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elastosonography shows promise as a diagnostic tool for CSP. Further research is needed to confirm its clinical utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate skin-to-skin contact after caesarean section – A simulation study","authors":"Leena Taittonen,&nbsp;Tanja Mäkynen,&nbsp;Tiina-Liisa Erkinheimo","doi":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Performing a caesarean section using a drape with a transparent window between the mother and the surgical area has not been studied previously.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To describe ways of passing a baby to the mother for skin-to-skin contact after caesarean section, and to analyse the time lapse between cutting the umbilical cord and placement of the baby on the mother.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Simulation characters were used as study subjects. Three methods of passing a baby to the mother for skin-to-skin contact after caesarean section were assessed. In the first method, an opaque drape was placed between the mother and the surgical area, so the mother could not see the baby being born. The surgeon passed the baby to the midwife, who placed the baby on the mother for skin-to-skin contact. In the second method, the mother was able to see the baby being born through a transparent drape. The baby was otherwise handled as in the first method. In the third method, a transparent drape with a window was placed between the mother and the surgical area, so the mother could see the baby being born. The baby was passed through the window in the drape and placed on the mother for skin-to-skin contact. The time lapse between cutting the umbilical cut and skin-to-skin contact was analysed for the three methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For the first and second methods, the time between cutting the umbilical cord and skin-to-skin contact ranged from 11 to 15.5 s. For the third method, the time was 20–29 s. A minor technical difficulty was noted for the third method.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Passing a baby to the mother through a transparent drape with a window after caesarean section is not superior in terms of time, but may improve bonding between the mother and baby.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37085,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}