Current Pathobiology Reports最新文献_第7页

Regional control of regulatory immune cells in the intestine. 肠道调节免疫细胞的区域控制。

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-03-01

Tina L Morhardt, Atsushi Hayashi, John Y Kao, Nobuhiko Kamada

{"title":"Regional control of regulatory immune cells in the intestine.","authors":"Tina L Morhardt, Atsushi Hayashi, John Y Kao, Nobuhiko Kamada","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The intestine contains the largest compartment of immune regulatory cells which include T regulatory cells and IL-10 producing macrophages. These cell populations serve to restrain unnecessary immune responses of the intestine, which may lead to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease or food allergy.Recent findings: This review discusses the recent findings pertaining to the functional regulation of these cells which may provide insight into novel therapies. Both T regulatory cells and macrophages are regulated in microbiota-dependent and microbiota-independent manners, i.e., dietary antigens. Often, this is specific to regional specialization and environment in small intestine vs. colon.Summary: These immune regulatory cells are largely regulated by microbiota in the colon, whereas in the small intestine, the microbiota has less affect, as seen in germ-free mice studies. Targeting these cells in their specific compartments may direct future treatment modalities for inflammatory bowel disease as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's are vastly different diseases.","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5943041/pdf/nihms934729.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9485028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting the Microbiota, from Irritable Bowel Syndrome to Mood Disorders: Focus on Probiotics and Prebiotics. 针对微生物群，从肠易激综合症到情绪失调：关注益生菌和益生元。

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-03-01 Epub Date: 2018-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0160-3

M M Pusceddu, K Murray, M G Gareau

{"title":"Targeting the Microbiota, from Irritable Bowel Syndrome to Mood Disorders: Focus on Probiotics and Prebiotics.","authors":"M M Pusceddu, K Murray, M G Gareau","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0160-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40139-018-0160-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The crosstalk between the gut and the brain has revealed a complex communication system responsible for maintaining a proper gastrointestinal homeostasis as well as affect emotional mood and cognitive functions. Recent research has revealed that beneficial manipulation of the microbiota by probiotics and prebiotics represent an emerging and novel strategy for the treatment of a large spectrum of diseases ranging from visceral pain to mood disorders. The review critically evaluates current knowledge of the effects exerted by both probiotics and prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression.Recent findings: Relevant literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE via PubMed using the following words, \"probiotics\", \"prebiotics\", \"microbiota\", and \"gut-brain axis\" in combination with \"stress\", \"depression\", \"IBS\", and \"anxiety\". A number of trials have shown efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating both IBS related symptoms and emotional states. However, limitations have been found especially due to the small number of clinical studies, studies design, patient sample size, and placebo effect.Summary: Nonetheless, current finding supports the view that beneficial manipulation of the microbiota through both probiotics and prebiotics intake represents a novel attractive strategy to treat gut-brain axis disorders such as IBS and depression.","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5958897/pdf/nihms942111.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36118399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TISSUE REPAIR AND EPIMORPHIC REGENERATION: AN OVERVIEW. 组织修复和表皮再生：概述。

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-03-01 Epub Date: 2018-02-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0161-2

Ricardo Londono, Aaron X Sun, Rocky S Tuan, Thomas P Lozito

{"title":"TISSUE REPAIR AND EPIMORPHIC REGENERATION: AN OVERVIEW.","authors":"Ricardo Londono, Aaron X Sun, Rocky S Tuan, Thomas P Lozito","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0161-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40139-018-0161-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the review: This manuscript discusses wound healing as a component of epimorphic regeneration and the role of the immune system in this process.Recent findings: Epimorphic regeneration involves formation of a blastema, a mass of undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to the regenerated tissues. The apical epithelial cap plays an important role in blastemal formation.Summary: True regeneration is rarely observed in mammals. With the exception of transgenic strains, tissue repair in mammals usually leads to non-functional fibrotic tissue formation. In contrast, a number of lower order species including planarians, salamanders, and reptiles, have the ability to overcome the burden of scarring and tissue loss through complex adaptations that allow them to regenerate various anatomic structures through epimorphic regeneration. Blastemal cells have been suggested to originate via various mechanisms including de-differentiation, transdifferentiation, migration of pre-existing adult stem cell niches, and combinations of these.","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6025457/pdf/nihms940053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36279325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alerting the body to tissue injury: The role of alarmins and DAMPs in cutaneous wound healing. 警示机体组织损伤:警报器和阻尼器在皮肤伤口愈合中的作用。

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-03-01 Epub Date: 2018-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0162-1

Traci A Wilgus

引用次数: 19

Racing to Stay Put: How Resident Microbiota Stimulate Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation 竞相停留:常驻微生物群如何刺激肠上皮细胞增殖

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0163-0

T. A. Jones, K. Guillemin

引用次数: 4

Policing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier: Innate Immune Functions of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes 管理肠上皮屏障：上皮内淋巴细胞的先天免疫功能

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-01-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0157-y

Madeleine D. Hu, L. Jia, Karen L. Edelblum

引用次数: 20

Regional Control of Regulatory Immune Cells in the Intestine 肠道中调节性免疫细胞的区域控制

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-01-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0156-z

Tina L. Morhardt, A. Hayashi, J. Kao, N. Kamada

引用次数: 5

Tumor Pre-Analytics in Molecular Pathology: Impact on Protein Expression and Analysis. 分子病理学中的肿瘤前期分析:对蛋白质表达和分析的影响。

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0179-5

Veronique M Neumeister, Hartmut Juhl

{"title":"Tumor Pre-Analytics in Molecular Pathology: Impact on Protein Expression and Analysis.","authors":"Veronique M Neumeister, Hartmut Juhl","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0179-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0179-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Precision medicine promises patient tailored, individualized diagnosis and treatment of diseases and relies on clinical specimen integrity and accuracy of companion diagnostic testing. Therefore, pre-analytics, which are defined as the collection, processing, and storage of clinical specimens, are critically important to enable optimal diagnostics, molecular profiling, and clinical decision-making around harvested specimens. This review article discusses the impact of tumor pre-analytics on molecular pathology focusing on biospecimen protein expression and analysis.Recent findings: Due to busy clinical schedules and workflows that have been established for many years and to lack of standardization and limited assessment tools to quantify variability in pre-analytical processing, the effects of pre-analytics on biospecimen integrity are often overlooked. Several studies have recently emphasized an emerging crisis in science and reproducibility of results.Summary: Biomarker instability due to pre-analytical variables affects comprehensive analysis and molecular phenotyping of patients' tissue. This problematic emphasizes the critical need for standardized protocols and technologies to be applied in the clinical and research setting.","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 4","pages":"265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0179-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36812966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Correction to: Liver Disease in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Current Approaches and Future Directions. 修正:肝脏疾病的α -1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏:目前的方法和未来的方向。

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0164-z

Ellen L Mitchell, Zahida Khan

引用次数: 2

Life History Trade-Offs in Tumors. 肿瘤的生活史权衡。

Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-10 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0188-4

Amy M Boddy, Weini Huang, Athena Aktipis

{"title":"Life History Trade-Offs in Tumors.","authors":"Amy M Boddy, Weini Huang, Athena Aktipis","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0188-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0188-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In this paper, we provide an overview of a life history theory and how it applies to cancer evolution.Recent findings: We review the literature on trade-offs in tumors, focusing on the trade-offs among cellular proliferation, survival, and motility. Trade-offs are critical natural constraints for almost all evolutionary processes. Many ecological studies show that trade-offs among these cellular functions maintain a genetic diversity. In addition, these trade-offs are not fixed, but rather can shift depending on the ecological circumstances in the microenvironment. This can lead to selection for the cellular capacity to respond to these differing microenvironments in ways that promote the fitness of the cancer cell. We relate these life history trade-offs to the recently developed Evo-Eco indexes and discuss how life history theory can help refine our measures of tumor evolution and ecology.Summary: Life history theory provides a framework for understanding how the spatial and temporal variability in the tumor microenvironment-in particular resources and threats-affect trade-offs among cell survival, cell proliferation, and cell migration. We discuss how these trade-offs can potentially be leveraged in cancer therapy to increase the effectiveness of treatment.","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 4","pages":"201-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0188-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36812964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13