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Mechanisms of Fibroblast Activation in the Remodeling Myocardium. 成纤维细胞在心肌重构中的活化机制。
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-06-01 Epub Date: 2017-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0132-z
Arti V Shinde, Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
{"title":"Mechanisms of Fibroblast Activation in the Remodeling Myocardium.","authors":"Arti V Shinde,&nbsp;Nikolaos G Frangogiannis","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0132-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0132-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Activated fibroblasts are critically implicated in repair and remodeling of the injured heart. This manuscript discusses recent progress in the cell biology of fibroblasts in the infarcted and remodeling myocardium, highlighting advances in understanding the origin, function and mechanisms of activation of these cells.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Following myocardial injury, fibroblasts undergo activation and myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Recently published studies have suggested that most activated myofibroblasts in the infarcted and pressure-overloaded hearts are derived from resident fibroblast populations. In the healing infarct, fibroblasts undergo dynamic phenotypic alterations in response to changes in the cytokine milieu and in the composition of the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts do not simply serve as matrix-producing cells, but may also regulate inflammation, modulate cardiomyocyte survival and function, mediate angiogenesis, and contribute to phagocytosis of dead cells.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In the injured myocardium, fibroblasts are derived predominantly from resident populations and serve a wide range of functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0132-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35537214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
Heterogeneity of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts in Pulmonary Fibrosis. 肺纤维化中成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞的异质性
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-06-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0134-x
David M Habiel, Cory M Hogaboam
{"title":"Heterogeneity of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts in Pulmonary Fibrosis.","authors":"David M Habiel, Cory M Hogaboam","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0134-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40139-017-0134-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of interstitial lung diseases of unknown eathiopathogenesis, mean survival of 3-5 years and limited therapeutics. Characterized by a loss of alveolar type II epithelial cells and aberrant activation of stromal cells, considerable effort was undertaken to characterize the origin and activation mechanisms of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in IPF lungs. In this review, the origin and contribution of fibroblast and myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis will be summarized.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Lineage tracing experiments suggested that interstitial lung fibroblasts and lipofibroblasts, pericytes and mesothelial cells differentiate into myofibroblasts. However, epithelial and bone marrow derived cells may give rise to collagen expressing fibroblasts but do not differentiate into myofibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>There is great heterogeneity in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in fibrotic lungs. Further, there is evidence for the expansion of pericyte derived myofibroblasts and loss of lipofibroblasts and lipofibroblast derived myofibroblasts in IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5654579/pdf/nihms872843.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35503501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms in the Heart. 心脏中的线粒体自噬和线粒体质量控制机制。
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-06-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0133-y
Roberta A Gottlieb, Amandine Thomas
{"title":"Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms in the Heart.","authors":"Roberta A Gottlieb,&nbsp;Amandine Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0133-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0133-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Mitochondrial homeostasis and quality control are essential to maintenance of cardiac function and a disruption of this pathway can lead to deleterious cardiac consequences.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Mitochondrial quality control has been described as a major homeostatic mechanism in cell. Recent studies highlighted that an impairment of mitochondrial quality control in different cell or mouse models is linked to cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, some conditions as aging, genetic mutations or obesity have been associated with mitochondrial quality control alteration leading to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria responsible for increased production of reactive oxygen species, metabolic inflexibility, and inflammation, all of which can have sustained effects on cardiac cell function and even cell death.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we describe the major mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, factors that can impair mitochondrial quality control, and the consequences of disrupted mitochondrial quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 2","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0133-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35649147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Kidney Fibrosis 衰老、细胞衰老和肾纤维化
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-05-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0143-9
N. Susnik, P. Sen, A. Melk, R. Schmitt
{"title":"Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Kidney Fibrosis","authors":"N. Susnik, P. Sen, A. Melk, R. Schmitt","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0143-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0143-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0143-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46982397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Developmental Signaling and Organ Fibrosis 发育信号和器官纤维化
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0136-8
Konrad Hoeft, R. Kramann
{"title":"Developmental Signaling and Organ Fibrosis","authors":"Konrad Hoeft, R. Kramann","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0136-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0136-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"133-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0136-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Development Aspects of Zebrafish Myotendinous Junction: a Model System for Understanding Muscle Basement Membrane Formation and Failure 斑马鱼肌腱连接的发育方面:了解肌基底膜形成和失效的模型系统
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0140-z
A. Wood, P. Currie
{"title":"Development Aspects of Zebrafish Myotendinous Junction: a Model System for Understanding Muscle Basement Membrane Formation and Failure","authors":"A. Wood, P. Currie","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0140-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0140-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0140-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48964142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Matricellular Proteins and Organ Fibrosis 基质细胞蛋白与器官纤维化
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0138-6
Niki Prakoura, C. Chatziantoniou
{"title":"Matricellular Proteins and Organ Fibrosis","authors":"Niki Prakoura, C. Chatziantoniou","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0138-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0138-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0138-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44977924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Modeling human craniofacial disorders in Xenopus. 在爪蟾中模拟人类颅面疾病。
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0128-8
Aditi Dubey, Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
{"title":"Modeling human craniofacial disorders in <i>Xenopus</i>.","authors":"Aditi Dubey,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0128-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0128-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Craniofacial disorders are among the most common human birth defects and present an enormous health care and social burden. The development of animal models has been instrumental to investigate fundamental questions in craniofacial biology and this knowledge is critical to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The vast majority of craniofacial disorders arise from abnormal development of the neural crest, a multipotent and migratory cell population. Therefore, defining the pathogenesis of these conditions starts with a deep understanding of the mechanisms that preside over neural crest formation and its role in craniofacial development.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review discusses several studies using <i>Xenopus</i> embryos to model human craniofacial conditions, and emphasizes the strength of this system to inform important biological processes as they relate to human craniofacial development and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0128-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34779047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
MicroRNAs in Cancer: challenges and opportunities in early detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic agents. 癌症中的microrna:在早期检测、疾病监测和治疗药物方面的挑战和机遇。
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0123-0
Namita Chatterjee, Shushan Rana, Cristina Espinosa-Diez, Sudarshan Anand
{"title":"MicroRNAs in Cancer: challenges and opportunities in early detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic agents.","authors":"Namita Chatterjee, Shushan Rana, Cristina Espinosa-Diez, Sudarshan Anand","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0123-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40139-017-0123-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The goals of this review are to examine the usefulness of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer and to evaluate the applicability of miRNAs as cancer therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Examination of miRNA milieu from body fluids offers a new alternative for quick, affordable and easy analysis of disease status in patients. Blood-based exosomal miRNAs have increased stability and are an excellent choice for clinical cancer diagnostics and prognostics. Currently, there are many miRNA signatures associated with cancer and progression but there is no consensus among multiple sera and tumor sample studies. Off-target and immunological effects remains an obstacle for use of miRNAs as novel chemotherapeutics in the clinic. Recent developments in nanotechnology and drug delivery systems which target the tumor microenvironment may provide an alternative therapeutic approach with decreased toxicity.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review critically evaluates the literature investigating the use of miRNAs as biomarkers and their future as potential therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0123-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35405498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Tumor immunology viewed from alternative animal models-the Xenopus story. 从其他动物模型看肿瘤免疫学——非洲爪蟾的故事。
Current Pathobiology Reports Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0125-y
Maureen Banach, Jacques Robert
{"title":"Tumor immunology viewed from alternative animal models-the <i>Xenopus</i> story.","authors":"Maureen Banach,&nbsp;Jacques Robert","doi":"10.1007/s40139-017-0125-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-017-0125-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>A purpose of review: </strong>Nonmammalian comparative animal models are important not only to gain fundamental evolutionary understanding of the complex interactions of tumors with the immune system, but also to better predict the applicability of novel immunotherapeutic approaches to humans. After reviewing recent advances in developing alternative models, we focus on the amphibian <i>Xenopus laevis</i> and its usefulness in deciphering the perplexing roles of MHC class I-like molecules and innate (i)T cells in tumor immunity.</p><p><strong>B recent findings: </strong>Experiments using MHC-defined inbred and cloned animals, tumor cell lines, effective reagents, sequenced genomes, and adapted gene editing techniques in <i>Xenopus</i>, have revealed that the critical involvement of class I-like molecules and iT cells in tumor immunity has been conserved during evolution.</p><p><strong>C summary: </strong>Comparative studies with the <i>X. laevis</i> tumor immunity model can contribute to the development of better and more efficient cancer immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-017-0125-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35542222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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