Aerosol Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Indoor Air Pollution in Kenya","authors":"Ibrahim Kipngeno Rotich,&nbsp;Peter K. Musyimi","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00205-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00205-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor air pollution is an environmental health challenge in Kenya, particularly in rural households, and low-income urban areas. This review aims to provide an overview of the sources, health effects and mitigation strategies for indoor air pollutants in Kenya. The main goal of our study was to review existing literature on indoor air pollution in Kenya with the aim of identifying research gaps for future research. Our methodology involved a critical examination of the existing literature review. This is because traditional fuel burning for cooking and heating, and kerosene lamps are major sources of indoor air pollution. Exposure to air pollutants can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular disease among women and children who are more vulnerable. Despite efforts to improve indoor air quality, significant challenges remain including access to clean fuels and technologies, inadequate infrastructure, and low awareness of health impact of indoor air pollution. Mitigation strategies include the transition to cleaner cooking sources, solar lamps for lighting and education campaigns on health impacts. The review concludes that a multifaceted approach involving various stakeholders is necessary to effectively address indoor air pollution in Kenya and improve public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"54 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41810-023-00205-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on Aerosol and Particulate Matter Dynamics During 2001–2021 Using Satellite, In Situ, and Reanalysis Datasets over the Mining-Dominated State Odisha, India","authors":"Pratap Kumar,&nbsp;Avinash Kumar Ranjan,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Gorai","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00208-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00208-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating the aerosols and particulate matter (PM) dynamics in mining and industrial-dominated regions holds profound significance for understanding air quality, environmental dynamics, and human health. The present study investigates aerosols and PM dynamics in the mining-dominated state Odisha, India. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) aerosol product was used to analyze the long-term (2001–2021) annual and seasonal trends using Theil–Sen's slope test. Before trend analysis, MODIS-based AOD was also evaluated with the ground-based observations in the opencast mine site. Furthermore, the multiple regression models were developed to estimate the seasonal spatial distribution of particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) using MODIS-based AOD, ground-based PM, and reanalysis weather datasets. The key findings of the study showed that MODIS-based AOD was moderately correlated with ground-based AOD at daily (<i>r</i> = 0.42, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and monthly (<i>r</i> = 0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.1) time scale with considerable RMSE (0.29 and 0.19, respectively) and MAE (0.22 and 0.15, respectively). The long-term (2001 to 2021) AOD trends analysis exhibited a significantly increasing annual AOD trend (0.047 units/year) over the entire Odisha state. The seasonal trend analysis showed that winter (December–January–February) has the utmost increasing AOD trend (0.056 units/year), followed by the pre-monsoon (March–April–May) (0.055 units/year) and post-monsoon (September–October–November) (0.031 units/year). Besides, the multiple-regression-based models to estimate the seasonal mean spatial distributions of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.1) only for winter. The accuracy of the derived map for PM_2.5 estimation was relatively better than the PM₁₀ with low RMSE (16.28 µg/m³) and MAE (13.71 µg/m³) values compared to CPCB-based observations. The study's findings contribute to our understanding of regional aerosol and PM dynamics, with potential implications for policy and air quality management in mining and industrial-dominated regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"87 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mist Generation Behavior in Ultrasonic Atomizer for Aerosol Jet® Printing","authors":"James Feng,&nbsp;James D. Klett,&nbsp;Michael J. Renn","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00207-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00207-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous ultrasonic atomization in a closed chamber is expected to generate a mist with an equilibrium droplet concentration and size distribution. Such a mist of microdroplets with controllable mist density has been used for Aerosol Jet® printing in the fabrication of a variety of additively manufactured microscale devices. Despite many unique capabilities demonstrated with the Aerosol Jet® printing technology, its ultrasonic atomization behavior appears to be rather sensitive to the ink properties with gaps in our understanding of the fundamental physics underlying its operation. In this work, we investigate some basic mechanisms in the Aerosol Jet® ultrasonic atomizer with a lumped-parameter kinetic coagulation model for highly concentrated mist. To mitigate the difficulty with unavailable knowledge about the complex turbulent flow inside the atomizer chamber, we present results for several orders of magnitude of the turbulent energy dissipation rates to examine a range of possibilities. The same approach is taken for analyzing the scavenging effect of the swirling bulk liquid. Our results also demonstrate the theoretical possibility for achieving a mist saturation condition where the mist output from the atomizer can become insensitive to process variables. As observed in experiments, such a saturated mist is highly desirable for Aerosol Jet® printing with maximized and well-controlled throughput in additive manufacturing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"77 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Effects of the National Clean Air Programme on Air Quality Parameters in Chandigarh: A Scientific Assessment","authors":"Lekha Dhote,&nbsp;Pranjali Sharma,&nbsp;Sushil Dogra,&nbsp;P. Arulrajan,&nbsp;Prashant Pandey,&nbsp;Ankur Kansal,&nbsp;Manisha Dhiman,&nbsp;Alok Sagar Gautam,&nbsp;Sneha Gautam","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00206-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00206-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution is a pressing contemporary concern, particularly in urban areas. While various strategies have been deployed to address this issue, the implementation of sector-specific measures has emerged as a pivotal approach. The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a notable initiative designed to mitigate air pollution, with a specific goal of reducing Particulate Matter (PM) pollution by 20–30% by the year 2024 revised as 40% reduction by 2026. This study delves into the nuanced impact of the NCAP on the air quality characteristics of Chandigarh, focusing on the period between 2021 and 2022. Analysis reveals that concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO exhibited an increase in 2022 compared to 2021. However, the rate of this increase has been constrained due to the targeted implementation of sector-specific actions outlined in the NCAP. These measures encompassed a subsidy scheme for Battery-Operated Vehicles, stringent enforcement of Pollution Under Control Certificates for all vehicles, augmenting the city's green cover, establishing cycle tracks, and promoting their use to reduce emissions from slow-moving vehicular traffic. Nevertheless, the city faces a recurring challenge in the form of stubble burning from neighboring areas, which significantly escalates pollutant concentrations during the winter season, exacerbated by atmospheric stability conditions. In response to these findings, this study proposes micro-level action points designed to enhance the effectiveness of efforts to mitigate PM10 pollution and other pollutants. These recommendations aim to supplement existing strategies, contributing to a more comprehensive approach to address air quality issues in Chandigarh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"66 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Detect Aerosols Optical Depth (AOD) Local Hotspot Region: Spatiotemporal Characteristics over Indian Regions","authors":"Ranjitkumar Solanki,&nbsp;K. N. Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00204-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00204-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>India’s geographic and climatic characteristics make it a key region for the description of atmospheric aerosol optical properties around the globe. Spatiotemporal variations of Aerosol’s Optical Depth (AOD) are significant in understanding aerosols’ characteristics. The study’s primary focus is to show the variation of MODIS AOD along with the Dust Column mass density over the selected study regions. MODIS AOD at 550 nm of five major significant regions from India was selected using aerosol products from January 2001 to December 2020. To evaluate the optical properties of aerosols, satellite-based measurements offer greater geographical and temporal coverage due to the dearth of ground observations across the entirety of India, particularly over the Eastern region. The present study also compares dust column mass density obtained from the MERRA-2 database monthly averages for five major regions in India. Results show that the highest annual mean AOD is observed in the eastern Indian region (especially the IGB region), possibly due to air mass from the Thar desert. At the same time, values in other parts of the country are much lower. The eastern Indian region has indeed been identified as a local hot spot for aerosols, significantly affecting the local area’s air quality. Although, from April to August, the AOD levels are much more significant, when dust occurrences are more frequent throughout Southwest India, high AOD over the eastern Indian region is significantly associated with frequent dust outbursts throughout the year. Peak AOD (~ 0.6 to 0.7) values have been observed in other largely urbanized areas between mid-winter and mid-spring as a result of high aerosol emissions from fossil fuel burning coupled with thin atmospheric boundary-layer depths, which result in the development of a rigorous mass of aerosols near the surface. However, the AOD (~ 0.2) least observed from August to November shows a relatively higher value due to the MODIS algorithm not working correctly during the monsoon period. Average AOD over India shows increasing trends in 2016 (~ 1.2) for the eastern region and decreasing trends in 2003 (~ 0.2–0.4) throughout the study period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"44 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend Analysis for Different Types of Aerosols in Conjugation with Temperatures for the Indian Region During the Post-monsoon Season (1980–2019)","authors":"Harsh Yadav,&nbsp;Manu Mehta,&nbsp;Shruti Jain,&nbsp;Sandhya Singh,&nbsp;Srishti Bhandari,&nbsp;Seema Nihalani","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00201-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00201-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study has made an effort to understand the long-term changes of aerosol loadings as well as temperature in the post-monsoon season (October–November) over a long period of 40 years (1980–2019) for the Indian region using MERRA-2 reanalysis data. Special emphasis has been given on the highly populated and polluted cities of the country notably, Delhi, Mumbai, Kanpur, and Jaipur. The study focuses on the trends in total column optical depth for aerosols with specific reference to black carbon, organic carbon and sulphates. The rapid urbanisation and increasing population growth of the cities have brought tremendous amount of air pollution levels, and a substantial increase in aerosol optical depth levels, especially in the recent decades. The changes in temperature were analysed by studying the air temperature at 2 m height and the surface air temperature parameters. The long-term trend analysis of aerosols showed an increasing trend in rapid rise of the aerosol optical depth levels. Corresponding increase or decrease in temperature trends have been discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Filtering Efficiency of an Air Filter Using Light Shading Rate","authors":"Yusuke Sekiguchi,&nbsp;Ryoma Toyama,&nbsp;Yoshio Zama","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00203-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00203-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There have been some studies on the theoretical formula for predicting the filtering efficiency of an air filter. However, accurate predictions remain challenging even today. Measurement of the filtering efficiency of an air filter requires multiple devices, including an air compressor, a particle generator, and a particle counter. Therefore, utilizing easily measurable performance parameters for prediction is advantageous as it eliminates the need for measuring equipment, resulting in significant cost reduction in manufacturing process for an air filter. This study focuses on the light shading rate (LSR) as a readily measurable parameter that potentially correlates with logarithm of penetration (− ln<i>P</i>). To predict the − ln<i>P</i>, an empirical formula using the LSR was attempted to be developed. Four types of test filters were produced using glass wool with different fiber diameters (<i>d</i>_f) as materials. The packing density (<i>α</i>), the thickness (<i>T</i>), the LSR, and the − ln<i>P</i> were measured and analyzed. In modeling the LSR, the number of fibers (<i>N</i>_f) for thickness direction was obtained by calculating the inter-fiber distance (<i>D</i>_i) using the packing density and the fiber diameter. The LSR per fiber (LSR/<i>N</i>_f) was determined based on the number of fibers (<i>N</i>_f). The results of comparing calculated values with actual measurements showed a good fit. Additionally, an experimental formula was constructed to predict the − ln<i>P</i> based on the correlation between the LSR and the − ln<i>P</i>. The experimental formula for predicting the − ln<i>P</i> exhibited a high level of agreement. However, it should be noted that its effectiveness is limited to a certain range of fiber diameter, thickness, packing density, LSR, and transparent glass wool as the fiber material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"33 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Aerosol Particle Radiative Forcing Under Cloud-Free Condition During Dry Season Period Over West Africa","authors":"P. O. Awoleye,&nbsp;K. O. Ogunjobi,&nbsp;I. A. Balogun,&nbsp;M. Wendisch","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00202-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00202-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The significance of quantifying the interaction of other non-dust particles with solar radiation cannot be overemphasized. This paper presents the radiative forcing aerosol effects of some non-dust particles over four different climatic zones of West Africa. Aerosol radiative effects on solar radiation require accurate analysis of optical and radiative properties. Radiative forcing was determined by anthropogenic, dust, marine, and non-dust aerosols governed by their size distribution and concentration. A consistent increase in daily AOD values was observed with decreasing angstrom exponent. Results showed that high negative forcing was experienced in the Savanna and Guinea zones which can be attributed to the addition of black carbon and organic matter aerosols to the heavily deposited dust in the atmosphere. Non-dust and anthropogenic aerosols were found to be major contributors to the high atmospheric absorption. The result also shows that the observed variations in the aerosol properties indicate an increase in the surface cooling in the early days of February. Therefore, a larger quantity of anthropogenic and non-dust aerosols, apart from the predominant dust, could cause and boost the radiative forcing of aerosols over West Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"20 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Air Quality in a Tertiary Institution: The Case of Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Nigeria","authors":"Francis Olawale Abulude,&nbsp;Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide,&nbsp;Akinyinka Akinnusotu,&nbsp;Oyebola Adebola Elemide,&nbsp;Arinola Oluwatoyin Gbotoso,&nbsp;Susan Omolade Ademilua,&nbsp;Ifeoluwa Ayodeji Abulude","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00200-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00200-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Federal College of Agriculture in Akure, Nigeria, was the site of this study, which aimed to monitor indoor air quality (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) and toxicity potential. The novelty of the study is: it is the first one in Africa to employ a cheap sensor called the Canāree A1 to measure the indoor air quality of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. The study offers baseline data for the next investigations and the formulation of policies regarding indoor air quality in Nigeria. Five distinct places were selected for the preliminary investigation, which lasted for 1 month. The protocols from the manufacturer were strictly followed. The findings revealed that while PM₁₀ levels were 2.3–13.1 times greater than 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) standards, PM_2.5 readings were 5.8–20.3 times higher. Additionally, it exceeded The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) guidelines by 1.2–6.6 times for PM_2.5 and 0.7–3.9 times for PM₁₀, respectively. Other findings include the following: Toxicity Potential (TP) ranges from 5.28 to 33.14 for PM_2.5 and 2.30–8.33 for PM₁₀; Indoor air quality index (IAQIndex) ranges from 1.16 to 6.63 for PM_2.5 and 0.69–3.91 for PM₁₀; and PM size distribution is from 0.31 to 0.34 for PM_1.0/PM_2.5, 0.34–0.84 for PM_2.5, and 0.25–0.34 for PM₁₀, respectively. The findings indicated that the study’s study sites were contaminated, since the TP levels were higher than 1. An attempt should be made to lessen anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic activities’ indoors. It is crucial that all parties involved in environmental issues comprehend the causes, effects, and mitigations of climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Characterization from Diesel and Renewable Fuel Engine Exhaust: Particulate Size/Mass Distributions and Optical Properties","authors":"Nikhil Sharma,&nbsp;Kalyan Mitra,&nbsp;Jelena Pezer,&nbsp;Ravikant Pathak,&nbsp;Jonas Sjöblom","doi":"10.1007/s41810-023-00199-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41810-023-00199-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"7 4","pages":"556 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71909159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}