Estimating the Key Factors Contributing to Vehicular Exhaust Emission in Ghana

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI:10.1007/s41810-024-00214-y

Milku Augustine Kwame, Derkyi Sarfo Agyeman, Attiogbe Francis, Atombo Charles, Asuako Enoch Larson

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Abstract

The study examined the factors that contribute significantly to automobile exhaust pollution in the major city of Ghana, Accra. Using an SV-5Q automobile exhaust-gas analyzer, the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) were measured on 1002 light-duty gasoline automobiles taking into consideration age, maintenance, and emission technology (catalytic converters). To achieve the aim of the study, the emissions data gathered were analyzed against the vehicle parameters (Age of the vehicle, Frequency of maintenance, and Emission technology). The significant parameters explained variance of 42%, 22%, 32%, and 7% in CO, CO₂, HC, and NO_x, respectively. The results showed that the age of a vehicle is a significant positive predictor of CO, CO₂, and HC emission but has no significant effect on NO_x. The result further shows that the frequency of maintenance negatively predicted HC emissions with no significant effect on CO, CO₂, and NO_x. The results also demonstrated that emission technology was consistently negatively related to CO, CO₂, HC, and NO_x. Finally, the result established that an increase in vehicle age increases the emission level, while regular vehicle maintenance, two-way and three-way catalytic converters fitted on vehicle exhaust system decrease the exhaust emission level.

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估计造成加纳汽车尾气排放的主要因素

该研究探讨了造成加纳主要城市阿克拉汽车尾气污染的重要因素。使用 SV-5Q 汽车尾气分析仪，测量了 1002 辆轻型汽油汽车的二氧化碳 (CO2)、碳氢化合物 (HC)、一氧化碳 (CO) 和氮氧化物 (NOx) 的浓度，同时考虑了车龄、维护和排放技术（催化转换器）。为了达到研究目的，我们根据车辆参数（车龄、保养频率和排放技术）对收集到的排放数据进行了分析。重要参数对 CO、CO2、HC 和 NOx 的解释率分别为 42%、22%、32% 和 7%。结果表明，车龄对 CO、CO2 和 HC 排放有显著的正向预测作用，但对 NOx 没有显著影响。结果还显示，维修频率对 HC 排放有负面影响，而对 CO、CO2 和 NOx 没有显著影响。结果还表明，排放技术与 CO、CO2、HC 和 NOx 始终呈负相关。最后，结果表明，车龄的增加会增加废气排放水平，而定期的车辆保养、车辆排气系统上安装的双向和三向催化转换器则会降低废气排放水平。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.