Global Bioethics最新文献_第7页

Ethical challenges in research on post-abortion care with adolescents: experiences of researchers in Zambia. 青少年堕胎后护理研究中的伦理挑战：赞比亚研究人员的经验。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2018.1528657

Joseph M Zulu, Joseph Ali, Kristina Hallez, Nancy E Kass, Charles Michelo, Adnan A Hyder

{"title":"Ethical challenges in research on post-abortion care with adolescents: experiences of researchers in Zambia.","authors":"Joseph M Zulu, Joseph Ali, Kristina Hallez, Nancy E Kass, Charles Michelo, Adnan A Hyder","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2018.1528657","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2018.1528657","url":null,"abstract":"Post-abortion care (PAC) research is increasingly being conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to help reduce the high burden of unsafe abortion. This study aims to help address the evidence gap about ethical challenges that researchers in LMICs face when carrying out PAC research with adolescents. Employing an explorative qualitative approach, the study identified several ethics challenges encountered by PAC researchers in Zambia, including those associated with seeking ethics and regulatory approvals at institutional and national levels. Persistent stigma around abortion and community perceptions that PAC studies encourage adolescents to seek abortion affected adolescents' right to exercise their autonomy and to make decisions as well as exposed adolescents to social stigmatization risks. Challenges with recruitment was reported to result in abandoning of studies, thereby undermining development of PAC services that are more responsive to adolescent needs. Training needs identified included knowledge of best practices for conducting and disseminating PAC research. Strategies for addressing the ethical challenges included trust building and using less value-laden terminology when seeking permission and consent. It is essential to the future of PAC research in Zambia and globally that these important challenges be addressed through the development of comprehensive ethics guidance.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"104-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7733980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38731090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quality of medicines in resource-limited settings: need for ethical guidance. 资源有限环境中的药品质量：需要道德指导。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2018.1522991

Raffaella Ravinetto, Wim Pinxten, Lembit Rägo

{"title":"Quality of medicines in resource-limited settings: need for ethical guidance.","authors":"Raffaella Ravinetto, Wim Pinxten, Lembit Rägo","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2018.1522991","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2018.1522991","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of medicines is generally adequately assured by manufacturers and regulatory authorities for well-resourced settings, while the implementation of existing quality standards is challenged in many low- and middle-income countries. This situation of multiple pharmaceutical standards raises the question whether it could ever be ethically justified to compromise on the quality assurance of medicines depending on what individuals, communities, or societies can afford. In this paper, we contend that ethically, any unjustified exceptions to medicines' quality assurance represents a violation of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. Exceptions are only acceptable in exceptional and temporary circumstances, if based on a meaningful quality risk assessment, guided by a rigorous ethical framework built on the principles of independence, technical competence, transparency, and accountability. We also discuss how such exceptional and temporary circumstances should be defined/justified. Finally, we propose that empirical bioethics should acknowledge the existence of these dilemmas in public health, and help to build a normative approach to dealing with them. Ideally, an international group of experts in quality assurance/regulatory affairs and health ethicists should be set up to take up this topic and formulate a Guide to Ethical Principles of Quality Assurance of Medical Products.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11287462.2018.1522991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36517587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

"Not just dogs, but rabid dogs": tensions and conflicts amongst research volunteers in Malawi. “不仅仅是狗，还有疯狗”:马拉维研究志愿者之间的紧张和冲突。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-09-03 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2018.1509925

Mackwellings Phiri, Kate Gooding, Deborah Nyirenda, Rodrick Sambakunsi, Moses Kelly Kumwenda, Nicola Desmond

{"title":"\"Not just dogs, but rabid dogs\": tensions and conflicts amongst research volunteers in Malawi.","authors":"Mackwellings Phiri, Kate Gooding, Deborah Nyirenda, Rodrick Sambakunsi, Moses Kelly Kumwenda, Nicola Desmond","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2018.1509925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2018.1509925","url":null,"abstract":"Building trust between researchers and communities involved in research is one goal of community engagement. This paper examines the implications of community engagement for trust within communities, including trust among community volunteers who assist with research and between these volunteers and other community members. We describe the experiences of two groups of community volunteers recruited as part of an HIV and TB intervention trial in Malawi: cluster representatives, recruited both to act as key informants for TB suspects and mortality reporting and to identify and report community concerns, and community counsellors, recruited to provide semi-supervised HIV self-testing. We examine tensions experienced due to playing multiple roles, and the implications of volunteer responsibilities for short- and long-term community relationships. Data was collected through a workshop, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with volunteers and community members. While the volunteer system initially enhanced trust among volunteers and with the community, relationships deteriorated when cluster representatives assumed an additional supervisory role part-way through the trial. Combined with challenging recruitment targets and unequal power relations between volunteers, this new role damaged trust, with implications for volunteer well-being and social relationships. These experiences suggest researchers should consider potential social implications when designing community engagement systems.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"65-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11287462.2018.1509925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36477953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Complex mediascapes, complex realities: critically engaging with biotechnology debates in Ghana. 复杂的媒体景观，复杂的现实：批判性地参与加纳的生物技术辩论。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-05-31 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2018.1480253

Joeva Rock

引用次数: 0

Hidden concerns of sharing research data by low/middle-income country scientists. 中低收入国家科学家对共享研究数据的隐忧。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2018-02-26 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2018.1441780

Louise Bezuidenhout, Ereck Chakauya

{"title":"Hidden concerns of sharing research data by low/middle-income country scientists.","authors":"Louise Bezuidenhout, Ereck Chakauya","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2018.1441780","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2018.1441780","url":null,"abstract":"There has considerable interest in bringing low/middle-income countries (LMIC) scientists into discussions on Open Data - both as contributors and users. The establishment of in situ data sharing practices within LMIC research institutions is vital for the development of an Open Data landscape in the Global South. Nonetheless, many LMICs have significant challenges - resource provision, research support and extra-laboratory infrastructures. These low-resourced environments shape data sharing activities, but are rarely examined within Open Data discourse. In particular, little attention is given to how these research environments shape scientists' perceptions of data sharing (dis)incentives. This paper expands on these issues of incentivizing data sharing, using data from a quantitative survey disseminated to life scientists in 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This interrogated not only perceptions of data sharing amongst LMIC scientists, but also how these are connected to the research environments and daily challenges experienced by them. The paper offers a series of analysis around commonly cited (dis)incentives such as data sharing as a means of improving research visibility; sharing and funding; and online connectivity. It identifies key areas that the Open Data community need to consider if true openness in research is to be established in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"29 1","pages":"39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5827722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10335358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflections on the ethics of participatory visual methods to engage communities in global health research. 参与式视觉方法使社区参与全球卫生研究的伦理思考。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2017-12-20 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2017.1415722

Gillian F Black, Alun Davies, Dalia Iskander, Mary Chambers

{"title":"Reflections on the ethics of participatory visual methods to engage communities in global health research.","authors":"Gillian F Black, Alun Davies, Dalia Iskander, Mary Chambers","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2017.1415722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2017.1415722","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing body of literature describing conceptual frameworks for working with participatory visual methods (PVM). Through a global health lens, this paper examines some key themes within these frameworks. We reflect on our experiences of working with with an array of PVM to engage community members in Vietnam, Kenya, the Philippines and South Africa in biomedical research and public health. The participants that we have engaged in these processes live in under-resourced areas with high prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Our paper describes some of the challenges that we have encountered while using PVM to foster knowledge exchange, build relationships and facilitate change among individuals and families, community members, health workers, biomedical scientists and researchers. We consider multiple ethical situations that have arisen through our work and discuss the ways in which we have navigated and negotiated them. We offer our reflections and learning from facilitating these processes and in doing so we add novel contributions to ethical framework concepts.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"22-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11287462.2017.1415722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35822811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Abortion and conscientious objection: rethinking conflicting rights in the Mexican context. 堕胎和依良心拒服兵役：重新思考墨西哥背景下相互冲突的权利。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2017-12-08 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2017.1411224

Gustavo Ortiz-Millán

{"title":"Abortion and conscientious objection: rethinking conflicting rights in the Mexican context.","authors":"Gustavo Ortiz-Millán","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2017.1411224","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2017.1411224","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2007, when Mexico City decriminalized abortion during the first trimester, a debate has been taking place regarding abortion and the right to conscientious objection (CO). Many people argue that, since the provision of abortions (or \"legal terminations of pregnancy\" as they are called under Mexico City's law) is now a statutory duty of healthcare personnel there can be no place for \"conscientious objection.\" Others claim that, even if such an objection were to be allowed, it should not be seen as a right, since talk about a right to CO may lead to a slippery slope where we may end up recognizing a right to disobey the law. In this paper, I argue that there is a right to CO and that this may be justified through the notions of autonomy and integrity, which a liberal democracy should respect. However, it cannot be an absolute right, and in the case of abortion, it conflicts with women's reproductive rights. Therefore, CO should be carefully regulated so that it does not obstruct the exercise of women's reproductive rights. Regulation should address questions about who is entitled to object, how such objection should take place, and what can legitimately be objected to.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5727449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35664217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Art and theatre for health in rural Cambodia. 艺术和戏剧促进柬埔寨农村的健康。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2017-12-07 eCollection Date: 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2017.1411762

Chea Nguon, Lek Dysoley, Chan Davoeung, Yok Sovann, Nou Sanann, Ma Sareth, Pich Kunthea, San Vuth, Kem Sovann, Kayna Kol, Chhouen Heng, Rouen Sary, Thomas J Peto, Rupam Tripura, Renly Lim, Phaik Yeong Cheah

{"title":"Art and theatre for health in rural Cambodia.","authors":"Chea Nguon, Lek Dysoley, Chan Davoeung, Yok Sovann, Nou Sanann, Ma Sareth, Pich Kunthea, San Vuth, Kem Sovann, Kayna Kol, Chhouen Heng, Rouen Sary, Thomas J Peto, Rupam Tripura, Renly Lim, Phaik Yeong Cheah","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2017.1411762","DOIUrl":"10.1080/11287462.2017.1411762","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes our experience using art and theatre to engage rural communities in western Cambodia to understand malaria and support malaria control and elimination. The project was a pilot science-arts initiative to supplement existing engagement activities conducted by local authorities. In 2016, the project was conducted in 20 villages, involved 300 community members and was attended by more than 8000 people. Key health messages were to use insecticide-treated bed-nets and repellents, febrile people should attend village malaria workers, and to raise awareness about the risk of forest-acquired malaria. Building on the experience and lessons learnt in the year prior, the 2017 project which was conducted in 15 villages involved 600 community members and attracted more than 12,000 people. In addition to the malaria theme, upon discussion with local health authorities, secondary theme (infant vaccination) was added to the 2017 project. We learnt the following lessons from our experience in Cambodia: involving local people including children from the beginning of the project and throughout the process is important; messages should be kept simple; it is necessary to take into consideration practical issues such as location and timing of the activities; and that the project should offer something unique to communities.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5727450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35664218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial. 社论。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2017-03-17 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2017.1302184

Patricia Kingori, Michael Parker

引用次数: 0

Debated agronomy: public discourse and the future of biotechnology policy in Ghana. 辩论农学:加纳公共话语和生物技术政策的未来。

Global Bioethics Pub Date : 2017-02-22 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11287462.2016.1261604

Joseph A Braimah, Kilian N Atuoye, Siera Vercillo, Carrie Warring, Isaac Luginaah

{"title":"Debated agronomy: public discourse and the future of biotechnology policy in Ghana.","authors":"Joseph A Braimah, Kilian N Atuoye, Siera Vercillo, Carrie Warring, Isaac Luginaah","doi":"10.1080/11287462.2016.1261604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2016.1261604","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the highly contested and ongoing biotechnology (Bt) policy-making process in Ghana. We analyse media content on how Bt is viewed in the context of Ghana's parliamentary debate on the Plant Breeders Bill and within the broader public policy-making literature. This paper does not seek to take a position on Bt or the Bill, but to understand how policy actors influence the debate with political and scientific rhetoric in Ghana. The study reveals that in the midst of scientific uncertainties of Bt's potential for sustainable agriculture production and food security, policy decisions that encourage its future adoption are heavily influenced by health, scientific, economic, environmental and political factors dictated by different ideologies, values and norms. While locally pioneered plant breeding is visible and common in the Ghanaian food chain, plant breeding/GMOs/Bt from international corporations is strongly resisted by anti-GMO coalitions. Understanding the complex and messy nature of Bt policy-making is critical for future development of agricultural technology in Ghana and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":36835,"journal":{"name":"Global Bioethics","volume":"28 1","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11287462.2016.1261604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35618099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13