Journal of Chinese Writing Systems最新文献

{"title":"About the King of Han-Winu (漢委奴國王) on the gold seal","authors":"Fumiri Deno","doi":"10.1177/25138502221121682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502221121682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the text of a gold seal Hanweinu guowang 漢委奴國王 and points out why the traditional theories about ‘the king of Na (奴) of Wa (委)’ and ‘King of Ito (伊都)’ are wrong. Next, the content of the gold seal will be interpreted from the historical aspect and the study of Chinese characters, and the author will prove that ‘委奴’ is synonymous with ‘倭人’, which is the state name of the Japanese archipelago.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"265 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73625225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short traditional and long simplified: The paradox of contemporary traditional Taiwanese characters that consist of fewer strokes than their equivalent simplified forms","authors":"Edwin B Messchendorp","doi":"10.1177/25138502221114652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502221114652","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese characters are usually written with at least as many strokes as simplified characters, but there are Chinese characters with fewer strokes in their Taiwanese traditional forms than in their Mainland Chinese simplified forms. This study lists these characters and gives the reasons for the differences between their traditional and simplified forms. These reasons will lead to the conclusion that there are motivations for orthographic choices in Mainland China and Taiwan that extend beyond the desire for standardization or simplification. These motivations have been explicitly expressed in texts dictating the rules for standard character forms, but are little known and rarely discussed. This study brings these motivations to the forefront and shows the effects they have had on orthographic policy, in particular where differing motivations between Mainland China and Taiwan have caused Taiwanese traditional characters to consist of fewer strokes than their simplified equivalents. The root cause underlying the different choices made by the Mainland Chinese script authorities and their Taiwanese counterparts post-1949 is a difference in ideology. In Mainland China, the script was a tool to be employed in such a way as to achieve a practical goal, namely mass literacy. Since achieving this goal was thought to require or at least be facilitated by simplifying the script, that course of action was taken. In Taiwan, however, the goal of script policy is to preserve the traditional way of writing characters. In practice, this means that unlike simplified characters, Taiwanese traditional characters are preferably made to structurally conform to their seal script forms in the Shuoˉwén Jieˇzì, leaving certain Taiwanese traditional characters with lower stroke counts than their equivalent simplified forms. Thus, Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese character forms are different because the Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese script authorities ultimately want different things from their scripts.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":"297 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88427903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature of “you 有” in the “you 有+verb” structure of oracle bone inscriptions","authors":"Runlong Yang, Junjun Ma, Fei Deng","doi":"10.1177/25138502221099072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502221099072","url":null,"abstract":"A large volume of published studies have described the part of speech of “you 有” in the “you 有+verb phrase (VP)” structure of oracle bone inscriptions. However, much of the literature lacks a fine-grained classification of the VP following “you 有.” This article starts with the structure of the VP and analyzes the syntactic and semantic relationship between “you 有” and the VP. It is found that when “you 有” is used in conjunction with different VPs, it has changed the lexical meaning and syntactic function from a verb indicating existence to an adverb denoting emphasis on the VP, with the pragmatic effect of focus-marking. Several factors could explain this change, ranging from syntactic structure to frequency of use and subjectivity.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"91 1","pages":"221 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83733757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further discussion on the complexity \u2028of synonymic interchange of characters \u2028in the Chu bamboo slips","authors":"Xiaorui Feng, Shaohong Yu","doi":"10.1177/25138502211103904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502211103904","url":null,"abstract":"The synonymic interchange of characters in the Chu bamboo slips could be combined with other language phenomena, such as jiajie (假借), showing complexity as follows: one character was synonymously interchanged as another character, and then it was borrowed as the loan graph of a third character, which was same in pronunciation as the other character, or one character was borrowed as the loan graph of another character, and then it was synonymously interchanged as a third character, which is the same as or close in meaning to the other character. After one character was synonymously interchanged as another character, the interchanged character could be used as the phonetic component to construct new characters.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"73 1","pages":"231 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91232707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A development trend comparison of reading speed and comprehension between students with visual handicap in Chinese Braille and sighted ones in print","authors":"Yu Sun, Chun-lian Li, Yingju Sun","doi":"10.1177/25138502221116146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502221116146","url":null,"abstract":"At present, most of the comparisons of reading performance (reading speed and reading comprehension) between Braille readers and print readers is focused on English, while there is little research on Chinese in this aspect. To obtain the comparisons, experiments were designed to test the reading performance of Braille readers and print readers, and then the test data were analyzed. The study reveals the differences between Braille readers and print readers in compulsory primary schools for students with visual handicap and sighted ones in Mainland China. It is found that the reading performance of Braille readers is generally lower than that of print readers, but the opposite is true in some instances, notably the average score of reading comprehension among students in sixth grade of primary school in the study. At the same time, it is suggested that the homophones among Chinese characters are among the important factors that have a great influence on the reading performance of Braille readers. From the perspective of the experimental data, the paper illustrates that finding ways to distinguish homophones in Chinese Braille will be one of the key problems to address in order to improve the reading performance of Braille readers.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"93 1","pages":"273 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of The Corpus-based Study of \u2028Chinese Characters (Words) Metaphor \u2028Models in Shuowen Jiezi","authors":"Yingjie Li","doi":"10.1177/25138502221115873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502221115873","url":null,"abstract":"Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字; literally, explaining graphs and analyzing characters) is an early 2nd-century dictionary. It was not the first Chinese dictionary, but it was the first to analyze the structure of ancient Chinese characters, which made it the most remarkable in Chinese history. It innovatively organized characters through their shared graphic components, which distinguished itself from the previous early dictionaries and had far-reaching implications for the following Chinese character studies for nearly 2000 years. The relationship between language and cognition has become particularly popular in recent years. Cognitive linguists argue that language is intimately linked to embodied cognition, a link tempered by human interaction with the environment. Metaphors, long studied within the discipline known as rhetoric, are viewed as a major cognitive mechanism, rather than merely a linguistic device. Conceptual metaphors enable people to understand abstract concepts in terms of concrete concepts, and linguistic metaphors mirror human cognitive processing in return. In their new book, The Corpus-based Study of Chinese Characters (Words) Metaphor Models in Shuowen Jiezi 基于语料库的《说文解字》字(词)汇隐喻模式研究 (Wu et al., 2020), Professor Sixiong Wu 吴 世雄, Associate Professor Yunhui Zhou 周运会 and Min Zhang 章敏 from Fujian Normal University offer an approach that explores the ancient dictionary in the new era. In this book, the authors set up a significant corpus, the corpus of Chinese character metaphors, by sorting out the etymology of characters collected in Shuowen Jiezi and analyzing the metaphors used in structuring them. Based on the data of the corpus, the book systematically investigates the metaphor models of Chinese characters. The book consists of four chapters, with the first being the starting point at which the corpus approach to metaphor research is introduced. Chapter 1, “Corpus metaphor research,” outlines the history of metaphor research from Aristotle to the recent Lakoff and Johnson (1980), and reviews previous corpus-based metaphor studies and diachronic metaphor studies. Proceeding from previous work, the authors pointed out four criticisms in the current cognitive metaphor studies: the ignorance of diachronic analysis, the over-indulgence in the universal cognitive phycological model, the disregard for cultural influence, and the neglect of the corpus-based lexical evidence. To avoid these pitfalls, they argue that diachronic research should be introduced into metaphor studies. It can be helpful in amending conceptual metaphor theory, exploring the intertwined relationship between cognition and culture, and proposing a dynamic model for language evolution. In addition, they hold that in order to overcome the weakness of the introspective approach to conceptual metaphor theory, interdisciplinary methodology should be adopted in metaphor research. Thus, they proposed to use etymology and the corpus linguistics method in the investigation of metap","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"319 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73915298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretations of the term Fu Yao (扶揺) \u2028in the Zhuang Zi outer chapter Zaiyou \u2028(在宥) and Guo Xiang Zhu (郭象注): Issues \u2028concerning the commentator approach","authors":"T. Ohgata","doi":"10.1177/25138502221103903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502221103903","url":null,"abstract":"The 10 suns bathing relates to sun worship. The story of the suns bathing and then emerging from the water has likely become one of a fish changing into a bird, becoming a winged sun, and then flying off from the tree branches. When icons and documents such as Chu Ci (楚辞), the Chu (楚) silk paintings, Shan Hai Jing (山海經), and the Mawangdui (馬王堆) silk paintings are brought together, this outline can be drawn. In doing so, the “Fu Yao (扶揺)” is not the “wind” in Guo Xiang’s (郭象) annotation; it is best to understand the “Fu Yao (扶揺)” in Xiaoyaoyou (逍遙遊) and the “Fu Yao \u2028(扶揺) branches” in the Zaiyou (在宥) text to both be akin to “Fusang (扶桑).”","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"58 1","pages":"237 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86578314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tablet inscription recognition based on the convolutional neural network","authors":"Shun Luo","doi":"10.1177/25138502211063531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502211063531","url":null,"abstract":"Text image recognition has opened up a new path for intelligent text sorting and research. The number of epitaph inscriptions is very large and of great value. Due to the limitation of objective conditions, there are many deficiencies in the study of its text arrangement and it is urgent to adopt new methods and new technologies to overcome them. This paper attaches great importance to the design of an automatic recognition algorithm for tablets based on the convolutional neural network. It also describes the application prospects of using the algorithm for the reading and distinguishing of inscriptions, the sorting of inscriptions, and the building of intelligent databases.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"637 1","pages":"185 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76819096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sacrifice to the wind gods in late Shang China – religious, paleographic, linguistic and philological analyses: An integrated \u2028approach","authors":"Fa Li, K. Takashima","doi":"10.1177/25138502211063232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502211063232","url":null,"abstract":"There is a bewildering array of rituals and sacrifices performed by the aristocratic, ruling elite in late Shāng China \u2028(c. 13th–11th centuries BC). They range from major, regularly scheduled, ritual observances to unscheduled rituals and sacrifices directed to the ancestors and the nature gods such as the wind, rivers, mountains and other deities. They were often accompanied with apotropaic prayers. What might have been their rationale is a question that remains to be answered. Sacrificing to the wind gods, for example, is often encountered in oracle-bone inscriptions. Scholars do not seem to have examined the deeper, ontological problem of the raison d’être of various rituals and sacrifices. A closer reading of the inscriptions containing fēng 風 ‘wind’, fèng 鳳 ‘phoenix’ and other collocated words may restore their original meanings. This paper distinguishes the ‘wind’ as a natural phenomenon from the ‘wind god’, even though they are written by the same graph. It also distinguishes between dì fēng 禘風 ‘dì-sacrifice to the wind (god)’ and níng fēng 寧風 ‘appease (unwanted) winds’. Identifying collocations of the words involved is an effective way for the distinctions we will be making. The paper also explores the need for the wind sacrifices accompanied by various other sacrifices. By addressing these issues, the paper is intended to stimulate further, in-depth discussion of the ritual and sacrificial system of late Shāng China. It covers a wide-ranging topic on late Shāng religious beliefs. They are analyzed in terms of paleography, linguistics and philology in an integrated manner.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"28 1","pages":"81 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86971719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honorific personal pronouns in the Tangut language","authors":"Niè Hóngyīn","doi":"10.1177/25138502211048947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/25138502211048947","url":null,"abstract":"There is an integral system of personal pronouns in the Tangut language. It is already known that there are pairs of general and honorific pronouns in the first- and second-person singular. Besides narrating the meaning of the honorifics in detail, it is pointed out in the present paper that a parallel distinction exists in the first-person plural as well, and if more than two pronouns of the same person appear successively in one phrase, only the preceding one may be expressed by an honorific form. There is no honorific form for the pronoun of the second-person plural.","PeriodicalId":36639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Writing Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"129 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73811959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}