Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports最新文献

{"title":"Effect of diazoxide on a cat with insulinoma.","authors":"Shiori Sato, Koji Hori, Gaku Tanabe, Shingo Maeda, Yasuyuki Momoi, Tomohiro Yonezawa","doi":"10.1177/20551169231220290","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169231220290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>The patient was a castrated male American Shorthair cat, approximately 14 years old, weighing 3.4 kg. The patient had chronic kidney disease (CKD) (International Renal Interest Society stages 3-4) as an underlying disease. The cat was examined at a hospital for intermittent lethargy and seizures. Hypoglycaemia was repeatedly observed, and the insulin level was 1.78 ng/ml (reference interval 0.27-0.69) when the blood glucose was 49 mg/dl. Although the cat was tentatively diagnosed with insulinoma, surgery was not recommended because of the severe CKD. Although frequent feeding and prednisolone treatment were initially attempted, blood glucose decreased to 24-42 mg/dl. Diazoxide was additionally prescribed at a dose of 5.2 mg/kg q12h. The cat's clinical signs improved, and the blood glucose was in the range of 75-103 mg/dl during the first 2 months. It was maintained at >50 mg/dl until the patient died of renal failure 161 days after the start of diazoxide treatment. With regard to adverse events, vomiting once every 2-3 days without weight loss and non-regenerative anaemia were observed, which might have been at least partially caused by diazoxide treatment. An insulinoma was definitively diagnosed via pathological autopsy.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This is the first reported case of long-term treatment with diazoxide in a cat with insulinoma. Since it was effective in situations where conventional therapies were unsuccessful, diazoxide could be useful as a new therapeutic option for cats with insulinoma. Since adverse events, such as progression of vomiting frequency and non-regenerative anaemia, were observed, careful monitoring was required during administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"20551169231220290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10807322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT features of feline cystic bronchiectasis forming mass lesions.","authors":"William J Moorhead, Wilfried Mai, Jennifer A Reetz, Silke Hecht, Peter G Noel","doi":"10.1177/20551169231217866","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169231217866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case series summary: </strong>Cystic bronchiectasis was diagnosed in three cats with known histories of chronic coughing using CT and histopathology. CT of the lungs revealed large space-occupying lesions that compressed and displaced unaffected pulmonary parenchyma and vessels. The masses were soft tissue attenuating in two cases and gas-cavitated with areas of dependent fluid in one case. All three cats were found to have mineral attenuating material in lesions and in other dilatated airways. Generalized bronchial wall thickening was also present and indicative of chronic lower airway disease. These findings were supported by histopathology showing inflammatory changes and dilatated airways in the collected tissues. In the two cases in which post-contrast CT series were acquired, the lesions had rim-enhancement.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>Cystic bronchiectasis is a rare presentation of bronchiectasis in cats and may mimic a pulmonary mass lesion, which could be mistaken for neoplasia or abscessation. The lack of central enhancement or presence of gas cavitation on CT, concurrent presence of diffuse bronchial wall thickening, other areas of bronchiectasis and the presence of broncholithiasis may alert the clinician to the possibility of cystic bronchiectasis related to chronic lower airway disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"10 1","pages":"20551169231217866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatitis associated with Mycoplasma felis infection in a cat","authors":"Jennifer S Eiermann, L. Peters, Stefano Bagatella, Jana Milenkovic, Stéphanie OA Jähne, Juliette B Burg-Personnaz, Simone Schuller, Alejandra C Valencia","doi":"10.1177/20551169241230861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20551169241230861","url":null,"abstract":"A 7-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented for periuria, apathy, fever, inappetence, diarrhoea and vomiting. A complete blood count and biochemistry analysis revealed severe thrombocytopenia, severe azotaemia, moderate panhypoproteinemia, mildly elevated DGGR lipase activity and mildly elevated liver enzyme activity. Abdominal ultrasound showed a hypoechoic pancreas with surrounding hyperechoic fat demonstrating dirty shadowing and ascites (protein-poor transudate). The cat was treated medically for pancreatitis with fluid therapy, antiemetics and pain medication. During the hospitalisation period, the cat developed severe anaemia and received multiple whole blood transfusions yet showed no signs of clinical improvement. A repeat ultrasound examination performed after 8 days showed progressive pancreatic lesions and ongoing ascites. Analysis of the free abdominal fluid revealed neutrophilic inflammation despite low protein and cell concentration, with the presence of numerous very small, coccoid, basophilic inclusions within neutrophils, raising the concern for a septic peritonitis due to Mycoplasma species. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed the presence of Mycoplasma felis. After 10 days of hospitalisation, the cat developed refractory septic shock and was euthanased. Necropsy revealed severe necrotising pancreatitis with systemic changes consistent with sepsis and microthrombi. qPCR testing for M felis in pancreatic tissue also yielded a positive result. Although pancreatitis is a common disease in cats, this case report presents the first documented occurrence of M felis as the suspected primary pathogen causing pancreatitis in a cat.","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe polycystic liver disease in a cat.","authors":"Emily M King, Maria Pappano, Sarah K Lorbach, Eric M Green, Valerie J Parker, Megan E Schreeg","doi":"10.1177/20551169231216859","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169231216859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>Ductal plate malformations (DPMs) are poorly documented in the veterinary literature, particularly those of the polycystic liver disease (PCLD) phenotype. A 13-year-old female spayed cat presented with progressive icterus, abdominal distension, weight loss and elevated liver enzymes. Initial empirical treatment consisting of amoxicillin/clavulanate, ursodiol and later prednisolone was attempted; however, clinical signs progressed. On abdominal ultrasound, numerous large hepatic cystic masses were noted, characterized by an anechoic center with a heterogeneous, hyperechoic wall. A post-mortem examination confirmed numerous hepatic cysts, the larger of which resulted in hemorrhage and subsequent hemoabdomen. Histologically, these cysts were determined to be of biliary origin, and a diagnosis of PCLD was assigned.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>Herein, we present a detailed report of clinical, gross and histologic findings in a cat clinically affected by PCLD. This case demonstrates that cysts present in this congenital disease can ultimately lead to hepatobiliary malfunction and clinical decline via marked expansion of cysts, compression of the liver and hemoabdomen from cyst rupture. DPMs, specifically PCLD, should be considered in cats presenting with multifocal large hepatic cysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"20551169231216859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139038002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features, MRI findings and outcome of a primary extranodal B-cell lymphoma affecting the tympanic bulla treated with chemotherapy alone.","authors":"Sara Silva, Angela Fadda, Emilie Paran, Sara Gould, Andrea Mosca","doi":"10.1177/20551169231214441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20551169231214441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 2-year-old neutered female feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-negative domestic shorthair cat was referred with an acute onset of vestibular signs. A clinical examination identified evidence of otitis externa of the right ear and enlargement of the right mandibular lymph node. MRI revealed predominantly T2 and FLAIR hyperintense and contrast-enhancing lesions affecting the right external ear canal, tympanic bulla and nasopharyngeal regions with intracranial extension. Cytology and culture and sensitivity samples collected from the middle ear via myringotomy revealed a population of intermediate to large lymphocytes consistent with lymphoma and mixed <i>Staphylococcus chromogenes</i> and <i>Pasteurella</i> species infection. PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements on the ear cytology was consistent with a B-cell rearrangement. A primary extranodal B-cell lymphoma affecting the tympanic bulla and other sites with secondary septic otitis media and interna was diagnosed. After the improvement of clinical conditions after corticosteroid, antibiotic and chemotherapy treatment, the cat was alive 22 months after diagnosis without recurrence of clinical signs.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This is the first report of a primary extranodal B-cell lymphoma affecting the tympanic bulla with suspected involvement of the nasopharynx and cranial vault treated with chemotherapy alone in the veterinary literature. Although very rare, B-cell lymphoma should be included in the differentials for diseases affecting the inner and/or middle ear and extending intracranially in cats. Chemotherapy represents a non-invasive treatment modality with a survival of up to 22 months appearing possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"20551169231214441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> infection in a pediatric domestic cat.","authors":"Molly Graham, Patty Ewing, Megan Whelan","doi":"10.1177/20551169231213505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20551169231213505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A domestic shorthair cat estimated to be 4-6 weeks old was presented to a referral center for evaluation of lethargy, anorexia and diarrhea for a duration of 24 h. A feline vector-borne PCR panel, as well as a blood smear, examined by a board-certified pathologist, confirmed an <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> infection. Morulae were identified in both feline neutrophils and eosinophils. Treatment consisted of a 21-day course of liquid doxycycline. Clinical signs rapidly resolved and were not noted to recur.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This case demonstrates that <i>A phagocytophilum</i> can infect cats as young as 4-6 weeks old. Doxycycline, as the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of <i>A phagocytophilum</i> infections, was used. Consistent with the literature, a rapid clinical improvement was detected. Anaplasmosis should be listed as a differential diagnosis in pediatric cats suffering from acute febrile illness with potential previous tick exposure (history of living outdoors) in order to provide proper treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"20551169231213505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10748583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified endoluminal ureteral stenting for the management of proximal ureteral obstruction in two cats.","authors":"Teng-Xiang Khoo, Shaojing Wang, Brenton Chambers, Angus McMillan, Guy Yates","doi":"10.1177/20551169231210449","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169231210449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case series summary: </strong>Two cases of placement of modified endoluminal ureteral stents are described, for revision of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) and for primary treatment of obstructive ureterolithiasis. Modified endoluminal stents were inserted through the ureterotomy, anchored in the renal pelvis with a single pigtail and shortened to a length sufficient to span the proximal ureter and ureterotomy site.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>The advantages of this approach as a surgical option for feline obstructive ureterolithiasis are demonstrated, including the avoidance of disruption, or bypass, of the ureterovesicular junction, minimisation of implanted foreign material and avoidance of intravesicular stent mass, maintenance of the physiological route of urine flow, including preservation of active distal ureteral function, and limitation of the potential complications of ureterotomy. The clinical efficacy of this adaptation of the previously published endoluminal stenting technique is demonstrated with its applicability de novo and in the revision of other stenting procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"20551169231210449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful minimally invasive simple hepatic cyst ablation via ethanol sclerotherapy in a cat.","authors":"Madison Pfahl, Hayley M Gallaher","doi":"10.1177/20551169231215273","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169231215273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 12-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated at the Michigan State University Veterinary Medical Center (MSU-VMC) for an abdominal cyst that was initially noted on ultrasound 1 year prior by the referring veterinarian. The cystic mass was causing clinical signs, including vomiting, diarrhea, hyporexia and abdominal pain. Cyst drainage had originally been performed every few months, but by referral, the required frequency of drainage had increased to every 2 weeks for a total of eight drainage events; therefore, a more definitive curative option was sought. CT evaluation revealed a large simple hepatic cyst - largest diameter 7.2 cm - likely associated with the right medial liver lobe. Minimally invasive ethanol sclerotherapy was performed. A locking-loop catheter was placed percutaneously and transhepatically into the cyst using ultrasound guidance. The cyst was drained, and contrast injected under fluoroscopic guidance to ensure no communication between the cyst and liver. Sclerotherapy was performed using a volume of 99.5% ethanol calculated from the volume of cyst fluid removed. The patient was discharged on the same day and had complete resolution of clinical signs. At a 6-month follow-up, the cyst had decreased in volume by an estimated 95%. The patient remains asymptomatic more than 1 year postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first report of a feline hepatic cyst treated via percutaneous transhepatic ethanol ablation. Minimally invasive simple hepatic cyst ablation is a viable treatment option in cats that could avoid the need for a more invasive surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"20551169231215273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophilic pericardial effusion and pericarditis in a cat.","authors":"Meagan Alisa Wheatley, John Shamoun, Ricardo Maggi, Edward B Breitschwerdt, Samantha L Sommer, John M Cullen, Devorah Marks Stowe","doi":"10.1177/20551169231213498","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169231213498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 10-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented for lethargy, anorexia and labored breathing. Significant pleural and pericardial effusions prompted thoracocentesis and pericardiocentesis. Cytologic evaluation of the pericardial effusion revealed a highly cellular hemorrhagic, eosinophilic (12%) effusion, with many markedly atypical suspected mesothelial cells, interpreted as concerning for neoplasia. Thoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy and histology of the pericardium revealed predominantly eosinophilic inflammation with multifocal mesothelial hypertrophy and ulceration. A peripheral eosinophilia was not present on serial complete blood counts. Initial infectious disease testing was mostly negative. <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> titers were most consistent with prior exposure, although reactivation could not be excluded. The owner's medical history included a prior diagnosis of bartonellosis. Owing to the challenges of definitive <i>Bartonella</i> species exclusion, the cat was treated empirically with pradofloxacin and doxycycline, and a subtotal pericardectomy. There was improvement at first but pleural effusion recurred approximately 3 months after discharge. The cat was euthanized and a necropsy was not performed. Subsequent pericardial effusion <i>Piroplasma/Bartonella/Borrelia</i> droplet digital PCR detected DNA of <i>Bartonella vinsonii</i> subspecies <i>berkhoffii</i>, and peripheral blood culture and sequencing revealed a rare apicomplexan organism (90% homology with <i>Colpodella</i> species) of unknown clinical significance. Testing for filamentous bacteria and fungal pathogens was not performed.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This case offers several unique entities - eosinophilic pericardial effusion and eosinophilic pericarditis of unknown etiology - and illustrates the well-known marked atypia that may occur in reactive and hyperplastic mesothelial cells, particularly of infrequently sampled and cytologically described feline pericardial effusion, supporting a cautious interpretation of this cytology finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"20551169231213498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10693801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138483181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial pericarditis associated with a hepatic abscess in a cat.","authors":"Melissa White, Rachel Miller, Laurent Locquet","doi":"10.1177/20551169231208896","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169231208896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>An 8-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented collapsed and was subsequently diagnosed with a pericardial effusion based on ultrasound imaging. A laboratory analysis of pericardial fluid revealed a septic pericardial effusion and further diagnostics, including abdominal ultrasound and fluid analysis, revealed a concurrent hepatic abscess. Bacterial isolation and identification from both septic foci revealed <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Therapeutic measures included a combination of medical and surgical intervention, the latter including a pericardiectomy, cholecystectomy, liver lobectomy and splenectomy.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>Septic pericarditis is one of the least reported causes of feline pericardial effusion. This case report describes bacterial pericarditis in a cat, suspected to be derived from a hepatic abscess via haematological spread. In this case, a favourable response was achieved with both surgical and medical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"9 2","pages":"20551169231208896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10685782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}