Vision (Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Variations in Macular Pigment Optical Density in Children and Adolescents Depending on Time Spent on Smartphones.","authors":"Livia Hopîrcă, Alexandru Țîpcu, Mădălina-Claudia Hapca, Iulia-Andrada Nemeș-Drăgan, Cosmina Teodora Lazăr, Simona Delia Nicoară","doi":"10.3390/vision10020030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children and teenagers use electronic devices daily, especially smartphones. The use of these devices exposes children and adolescents to excess blue light, which can alter the structures of the eye, especially the retina. As a protective mechanism, the macular region contains pigments represented by lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between the Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) levels in the macula and the time spent on smartphones in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-seven children and teenagers aged between 8 and 18 were evaluated, with a total of 114 eyes. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups: those who spent less than two hours a day on the device and those who exceeded this period. To determine the amount of macular pigment, the Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry technique was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a statistically significant difference in screen time between weekdays and weekends in favor of the latter. We compared the different refractive categories with respect to pigment levels and screen time and found no significant differences between groups. When comparing the patients with respect to environment, we found a slight difference in macular pigmentation in the favor of rural areas and also in the screen time which was shorter in rural areas. We found a strong association at all levels between longer screen time (both weekdays and weekend) and lower macular pigment quantities for both eyes. When comparing the groups with more/less than 2 h of screen time, the MPOD was lower for both eyes in the group with over 2 h screen time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study we demonstrated that smartphone use is a risk factor leading to a decrease in MPOD in children and adolescents. The amount of lutein in the retina, brain and serum are correlated, therefore MPOD can be considered a natural biomarker of lutein and zeaxanthin levels in the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing AMD Detection: Dataset Design and Deep Learning Optimization for Unconstrained Retinal Images.","authors":"Hala Nafie Fathee, Reyhan Babayev, Shaaban Sahmoud, Nazim Ağaoğlu","doi":"10.3390/vision10020028","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide, making early and accurate detection essential for effective clinical intervention. Recent advances in deep learning have demonstrated promising results in automated retinal image analysis; however, most existing approaches rely on datasets acquired under controlled conditions, limiting their generalizability to real-world clinical environments. In this paper, we propose a novel AMD dataset designed to simulate unconstrained imaging conditions, by incorporating noise, luminance variations, and device-related artifacts commonly encountered during retinal scan acquisition. Using this dataset, we conduct a comprehensive comparative evaluation of six widely adopted deep learning architectures: VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, and DenseNet. Experimental results indicate notable performance variations across models, highlighting the impact of architectural design on robustness to image degradation. Among the evaluated approaches, VGG16 achieved the best overall performance. By further optimizing this architecture through targeted training and fine-tuning strategies, the proposed system reached an accuracy of 88% in AMD detection. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimized VGG16 model and underline the importance of realistic datasets for developing reliable deep learning-based diagnostic tools for practical clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.","authors":"Filippo Lixi, Mario Troisi, Valerio Calabresi, Anina Giagoni, Costanza Rossi, Mihaela-Madalina Timofte-Zorila, Tudor-Corneliu Tarași, Livio Vitiello, Mara-Ioana Tomi, Alina-Gabriela Gheorghe, Giulia Coco, Giulia Lanzolla, Giuseppe Giannaccare","doi":"10.3390/vision10020029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and newer dual-incretin therapies have become central to the treatment of diabetes mellitus and obesity, with benefits extending beyond glycemic control. Their expanding use has prompted growing interest in their potential ocular effects. Experimental data support plausible protective mechanisms, including reduction in oxidative stress and neuroprotective effects on retinal and optic nerve tissues. Clinical evidence, however, remains heterogeneous. In diabetic retinopathy, the main concern appears to be transient early worsening associated with rapid glycemic improvement rather than direct retinal toxicity. A potential semaglutide-associated signal for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy has raised concern, although the absolute risk appears low and causality remains unproven. Emerging studies also suggest possible beneficial associations with glaucoma, ocular surface diseases, and certain retinal vascular outcomes, whereas the evidence regarding age-related macular degeneration and cataract remains conflicting or preliminary. Overall, ocular outcomes associated with incretin-based therapies seem to reflect a complex interplay among drug-specific pharmacology, systemic metabolic changes, and individual patient susceptibility rather than a class effect. Baseline ophthalmic assessment and individualized follow-up may be advisable in selected high-risk patients. Further prospective ophthalmology-focused studies are needed to clarify long-term safety and identify the patients most likely to benefit or develop adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Dimension of Peripheral Iridotomy for Anatomical Efficacy in Primary-Angle-Closure Disease.","authors":"Ludovico Alisi, Premanand Chandran, Mrunali M Dhavalikar, Niklank Mehta, Padmavathy A Sivakumar, Abhipsa Sahu, Rohan A J Daniel, Ganesh V Raman","doi":"10.3390/vision10020027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to determine the optimal functional size of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for anterior chamber parameter improvement in primary angle-closure disease (PACD). This study evaluated 109 eyes from 62 consecutive phakic patients. Baseline and one-week post-LPI anterior segment OCT were utilized to measure anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and iridotomy dimensions. Data was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), generalized additive models (GAMs), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Post-LPI, significant increases occurred in ACA 500 (+7.54°), ACV (+11.09 mm³), and gonioscopic grade. LMMs confirmed a positive association between iridotomy size and anatomical expansion. GAMs demonstrated a saturation effect for ACV improvement, plateauing at 0.1 mm² (narrow area) and 0.25-0.30 mm² (superficial area), while the ACA relationship remained predominantly linear. ROC analysis identified preliminary superficial area cutoffs of 0.14 mm² and 0.12 mm² as discriminators of above-median volumetric and angular response, respectively. These findings suggest that LPI size is an independent determinant of anatomical response, beyond simple patency. As a preliminary, hypothesis-generating target, a superficial iridotomy area of approximately 0.12-0.14 mm² was associated with above-median volumetric and angular response in this cohort. Prospective validation is required before these thresholds can be incorporated into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Effects of Low-Level Red-Light Therapy on Central Retinal Function: A Combined Pattern ERG and Photopic ERG Study.","authors":"Muhammad Qasim, Paulo Fernandes, Jorge Jorge","doi":"10.3390/vision10020026","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Low-level red-light therapy (RLRT) has emerged as a potential therapy in myopia management. However, its effects on retinal structure and function following repeated exposure remain incompletely understood. <b>Purpose:</b> To evaluate the short-term effects of RLRT on central retinal function in myopes and non-myopes using retinal electrophysiology and structural parameters. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-six subjects underwent RLRT exposures. Retinal function was assessed using pattern electroretinography (PERG) and photopic full-field electroretinography (Photopic 3.0 ERG). Structural measurements, including axial length (AL), obtained with an optical biometer and choroidal thickness (CT), were measured using MOPTIM 3000. Outcomes were compared between baseline and post-RLRT conditions (single 3 min and single 1 min exposure), across refractive groups, and correlated with AL and CT. This study was conducted at the University of Minho in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. <b>Results:</b> In myopic subjects, PERG N35-P50 amplitude significantly increased after 3 min of RLRT (baseline:0.88 ± 0.21 µV; post: 1.40 ± 0.25 µV; <i>p</i> = 0.013), whereas no significant changes were observed in non-myopes (baseline: 1.32 ± 0.19 µV; post: 1.39 ± 0.21 µV; <i>p</i> = 0.47). Latencies remained stable across all groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). No significant correlations were found between PERG and AL (ρ = -0.18, <i>p</i> = 0.44) or CT (ρ = 0.12, <i>p</i> = 0.52). Photopic 3.0 ERG showed an increase in b-wave amplitude after 3 min of RLRT in myopes (Δ = +2.42 µV, <i>p</i> = 0.06), but not in non-myopes. In myopes, AL was negatively correlated with post-therapy latency (ρ = -0.624, <i>p</i> = 0.060), while CT showed strong correlations with photopic a-wave responses after 1 min RLRT (CT vs. latency: ρ = -0.873, <i>p</i> = 0.010; CT vs. amplitude: ρ = 0.821, <i>p</i> = 0.034). <b>Conclusions:</b> Short-term exposure to RLRT, particularly at 3 min, enhances PERG and Photopic ERG responses in myopic subjects, suggesting transient improvements in retinal function with differential effects between refractive groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Field Loss and Self-Reported Driving Restriction in Glaucoma.","authors":"Mladena Radeva, Preslava Encheva, Elitsa Hristova, Daliya Stefanova, Igor Resnick, Zornitsa Zlatarova","doi":"10.3390/vision10020025","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> To evaluate the association between glaucomatous visual field loss and self-reported driving limitation, and to explore potential threshold ranges of visual field loss associated with an increased likelihood of driving restriction. <b>Methods:</b> In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma underwent standard automated perimetry. Visual function was assessed using Mean Deviation (MD) and Visual Field Index (VFI) from the better eye. Driving status, driving limitation, and self-reported driving difficulties were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent associations between visual field parameters and driving limitation, adjusting for age, sex, cataract status, and systemic comorbidities. Because MD and VFI are closely related indices of visual field loss, separate multivariable models were constructed for each parameter. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to explore threshold values associated with driving limitation. <b>Results:</b> Driving limitation increased progressively with worsening functional severity, affecting 17% of participants with preserved function, 48% of those with borderline impairment, and 72% of those with definite impairment (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Reduced VFI was independently associated with driving limitation (OR = 0.972, 95% CI: 0.948-0.996; <i>p</i> = 0.021). In a separate model, more negative MD was also independently associated with driving limitation (OR = 0.924, 95% CI: 0.875-0.976; <i>p</i> = 0.004). Male sex was associated with a lower likelihood of driving limitation. ROC analysis identified threshold values of VFI ≤ 71% (AUC = 0.663) and MD ≤ -13.36 dB (AUC = 0.650), both characterized by high specificity but limited sensitivity. Participants who had ceased driving demonstrated worse visual field indices than active drivers, whereas never-drivers showed no consistent association with visual field loss. <b>Conclusions:</b> Glaucomatous visual field loss was significantly associated with self-reported driving limitation and behavioural self-regulation. Objective perimetric parameters, particularly VFI and MD in the better eye, may help identify patients more likely to report driving difficulties. The reported threshold values should be interpreted as exploratory reference points rather than clinically actionable criteria and require further validation before clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidities in Age-Related Cataract: Epidemiological Burden and Public Health Implications.","authors":"Matteo Ripa, Matteo Forlini, Chiara Schipa, Neeraj Apoorva Shah","doi":"10.3390/vision10020024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cataracts represent the leading cause of blindness worldwide, particularly in older adults, and constitute a significant public health challenge. Although cataract surgery is generally associated with a high safety profile, both patients and healthcare providers often face significant challenges due to age-related physiological changes and the high prevalence of comorbidities, which are directly linked to cataractogenesis and other systemic diseases that can complicate both the surgical procedure and postoperative recovery. This narrative review aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of age-related physiological and pathological comorbidities in older adults with cataracts, evaluating their impact on preoperative assessment, surgical outcomes, and public health planning. Articles were identified through non-systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and free-text keywords. Among the multiple non-ocular comorbidities, carotid artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (HTN) are among the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with the highest correlations with cataract. Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are also highly prevalent and significantly influence surgical outcomes, as poor glycemic control increases intraoperative risks and postoperative complications. Additionally, neurological conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy often complicate anesthesia administration, contribute to postoperative delirium, and affect adherence to treatment protocols. Given these complexities, a multidisciplinary approach and targeted preoperative screening may offer personalized care to improve safety and outcomes. Despite advances in clinical care, disparities in access to cataract surgery, especially in underserved populations, continue to exist. Thus, a coordinated public health strategy that promotes early detection, equitable access, and the integration of innovations such as teleophthalmology and artificial intelligence is essential to optimize care for older adults with cataracts worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Visual Discrimination and Performance Adaptation in First-League Futsal Players via LUMMICS.","authors":"Bruno Monteiro, Ana Roque, Henrique Nacimento, Clara Martinez-Perez","doi":"10.3390/vision10020023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Perceptual-cognitive abilities such as visual discrimination, reaction time, and attentional control are important for performance in dynamic sports. However, evidence remains limited regarding how simplified visual tasks capture performance variability and dynamics under repeated exposure. This study examined session-to-session performance changes and individual trajectories in a programmable visual discrimination task of increasing complexity in elite futsal players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory repeated-measures study was conducted with ten first-league futsal players. Participants completed between six and ten sessions of a color-cue visual discrimination task (\"Follow the Color\") under one- and two-stimulus conditions. Outcomes included correct responses, errors, and reaction time per session. A total of 465 observations were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models to assess changes across sessions and the influence of task complexity. Individual analyses were also performed to explore player-specific trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean session accuracy was 63.8 ± 9.8 correct responses, with a mean error rate of 3.6 ± 6.1 and a mean reaction time of 0.63 ± 0.15 s. Error rates declined significantly across sessions (β = -0.008, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while reaction time improved modestly (β = -0.00011, <i>p</i> = 0.025). Correct responses showed a small negative trend over time. Increased task complexity was associated with fewer correct responses, higher error rates, and slower reaction times (all <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This programmable visual discrimination task captured variability in visuomotor responses under controlled conditions and may support monitoring of performance dynamics in sports vision research.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Year Longitudinal Assessment of Subjective and Objective Accommodation After Phakic IOL Implantation.","authors":"Esther López-Artero, María García-Montero, Blanca Poyales, Ricardo Pérez-Izquierdo, Alba Sáez, Nuria Garzón","doi":"10.3390/vision10020022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the 1 year behavior of accommodation and optical quality one year after the implantation of phakic intraocular lenses, specifically the implantable collamer lens (ICL), in myopic patients, comparing outcomes between low- and high-myopia groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative longitudinal study included 38 eyes of 38 patients who underwent ICL implantation for myopia correction. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative manifest sphere: low myopia (-2.50 D to -6.25 D) and high myopia (>-6.25 D to -12.50 D). The amplitude of accommodation (AA), subjective accommodative response (AR), optical quality parameters including the modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off, objective scatter index (OSI) and Strehl ratio (SR), and objective accommodative response with a double-pass system (HD Analyzer, Visiometrics) were assessed preoperatively, 1 month, and 1 year postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups achieved postoperative refractive outcomes close to emmetropia, with high efficacy and safety indices. A statistically significant decrease in the amplitude of accommodation was observed at 1 month and remained stable at 1 year in both groups; however, this change was not clinically meaningful. The optical quality parameters (MTF cut-off, OSI, and Strehl ratio) and objective accommodative response with the HD Analyzer showed no clinically relevant changes over time, with no significant intergroup differences detected (<i>p</i>-value > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An initial reduction in accommodative amplitude was observed after ICL implantation without recovery over time; however, it was not clinically relevant, as it fell within the test-retest variability in the minus lens technique. Other accommodative parameters and optical quality remained stable at 1 year in both low and high myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OCT and Autofluorescence Phenotypic Features in Autosomal Dominant <i>RHO</i>-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa Variants.","authors":"Christina Karakosta, Saoud Al-Khuzaei, Penny Clouston, Morag Shanks, Susan M Downes","doi":"10.3390/vision10020021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10020021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>To describe retinal imaging characteristics and the natural history of rhodopsin (<i>RHO</i>)-associated autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) by evaluating ellipsoid zone (EZ) width loss and measuring the degree of constriction of the area within and including the hyperautofluorescent ring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen patients with molecularly confirmed <i>RHO</i> variants were retrospectively evaluated. EZ width on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the area within and including the hyperfluorescent ring on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) were measured. The correlation between EZ width and hyperfluorescent ring area was assessed using a linear mixed-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logMAR) was 0.21 at baseline and 0.29 at last visit over a mean follow-up of 5 years. Nine patients presented with sectoral RP, eight with typical RP, and one with unilateral RP. The mean EZ width constriction rate was -93.43 µm/year (SD = 130.58), and the area within and including the hyperautofluorescent ring decreased by -0.54 mm²/year (SD = 0.50). A strong positive association was observed between the EZ width and hyperfluorescent ring area at baseline (β = 151.7 ± 17.9, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and at the final visit (β = 185.7 ± 18.2, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, patients with <i>RHO</i>-associated ADRP appeared to show a relatively slow rate of progression. Quantitative imaging markers, such as EZ width and the area within and including the hyperautofluorescent ring, may offer potentially reproducible measures of disease progression. These imaging biomarkers could be useful as outcome measures in future natural history studies and therapeutic trials, pending further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}